Merge pull request #12 from kerberos-io/feature/enhance-ptz-failure-logging

feature/enhance-ptz-failure-logging

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/go:1.24-bookworm
+
+# Install node environment
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    nodejs \
+    npm \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
+// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/python
+{
+	"name": "go:1.24.2-bookworm",
+	"dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"GitHub.copilot",
+				"golang.go",
+				"GitHub.vscode-pull-request-github"
+			]
+		}
+	}
+}

.github/workflows/pr-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Pull Request Build
+
+# Builds, vets and tests the Go library on every pull request.
+# This repository is a Go library (no Dockerfile), so unlike the Docker-oriented
+# uug-ai/workflows pr-build.yml it validates the module directly instead of
+# building and pushing a container image.
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build & Test (Go)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.24'
+          check-latest: true
+          cache-dependency-path: go.sum
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: go build -v ./...
+
+      - name: Vet (non-blocking)
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: go vet ./...
+
+      - name: Gofmt check (non-blocking)
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          unformatted="$(gofmt -l .)"
+          if [ -n "$unformatted" ]; then
+            echo "The following files are not gofmt-clean:"
+            echo "$unformatted"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Test
+        # ws-discovery/TestDevicesFromProbeResponses is a network-dependent
+        # integration test that probes real ONVIF cameras on the LAN, so it
+        # cannot pass on hosted runners. Run it locally against real devices.
+        run: go test $(go list ./... | grep -v '/ws-discovery')

.github/workflows/pr-description.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: Autofill PR description
+
+on: pull_request
+
+jobs:
+  openai-pr-description:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Autofill PR description if empty using OpenAI
+        uses: cedricve/azureopenai-pr-description@master
+        with:
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.TOKEN }}
+          openai_api_key: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
+          azure_openai_api_key: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
+          azure_openai_endpoint: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT }}
+          azure_openai_version: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_VERSION }}
+          overwrite_description: true

.github/workflows/release-bump.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Bump release
+
+# Manually bump the semantic version: determines the next tag from the latest
+# v* tag, creates a GitHub release with generated notes and exposes the new tag.
+# Thin wrapper around the reusable uug-ai/workflows release-bump workflow.
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      bump:
+        description: "Which part of the version to bump"
+        required: true
+        default: patch
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - major
+          - minor
+          - patch
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  bump-release:
+    uses: uug-ai/workflows/.github/workflows/release-bump.yml@main
+    with:
+      bump: ${{ github.event.inputs.bump }}
+    secrets: inherit

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Release
+
+# Validates the tagged code when a release is published (build + test).
+# For a Go library a "release" is simply a git tag consumers depend on, so this
+# workflow guards that a released tag builds and passes its tests rather than
+# publishing a container image.
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  validate:
+    name: Validate release (Go)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.24'
+          check-latest: true
+          cache-dependency-path: go.sum
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: go build -v ./...
+
+      - name: Test
+        # See pr-build.yml: the ws-discovery probe test needs real cameras.
+        run: go test $(go list ./... | grep -v '/ws-discovery')

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+.idea
 *.iml
 .idea/
 .vscode/

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,24 +1,6 @@
 {
     "editor.tabSize": 2,
     "extensions.ignoreRecommendations": true,
-    "workbench.colorCustomizations": {
-      "activityBar.background": "#759570",
-      "activityBar.activeBorder": "#cfd3ef",
-      "activityBar.foreground": "#e7e7e7",
-      "activityBar.hoverBackground": "#352cea",
-      "activityBar.inactiveForeground": "#e7e7e799",
-      "activityBarBadge.background": "#cfd3ef",
-      "activityBarBadge.foreground": "#15202b",
-      "titleBar.activeBackground": "#5e7959",
-      "titleBar.inactiveBackground": "#5e795999",
-      "titleBar.activeForeground": "#e7e7e7",
-      "titleBar.inactiveForeground": "#e7e7e799",
-      "statusBarItem.hoverBackground": "#352cea",
-      "statusBar.foreground": "#e7e7e7",
-      "panel.border": "#759570",
-      "sideBar.border": "#759570",
-      "editorGroup.border": "#759570"
-    },
     "go.languageServerFlags": [],
     "go.lintOnSave": "file",
     "go.vetOnSave": "package",

Device.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/networking"
 	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/xsd/onvif"
 
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ func (dev *Device) getEndpoint(endpoint string) (string, error) {
 
 // CallMethod functions call an method, defined <method> struct.
 // You should use Authenticate method to call authorized requests.
-func (dev *Device) CallMethod(method interface{}) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (dev Device) CallMethod(method interface{}) (*http.Response, error) {
 	pkgPath := strings.Split(reflect.TypeOf(method).PkgPath(), "/")
 	pkg := strings.ToLower(pkgPath[len(pkgPath)-1])
 
@@ -261,11 +262,63 @@ func (dev *Device) CallMethod(method interface{}) (*http.Response, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	requestBody, err := xml.Marshal(method)
+	return dev.callMethodDo(endpoint, method)
+}
+
+// CallMethod functions call an method, defined <method> struct with authentication data
+func (dev Device) callMethodDo(endpoint string, method interface{}) (*http.Response, error) {
+	output, err := xml.MarshalIndent(method, "  ", "    ")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return dev.SendSoap(endpoint, string(requestBody))
+
+	soap, err := dev.buildMethodSOAP(string(output))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	soap.AddRootNamespaces(Xlmns)
+	soap.AddAction()
+
+	return dev.sendSOAP(endpoint, soap)
+}
+
+// sendSOAP dispatches an assembled SOAP message to the endpoint using the
+// authentication mechanism selected through DeviceParams.AuthMode.
+//
+// Behaviour per AuthMode:
+//   - NoAuth ("none"):            no authentication is added.
+//   - UsernameTokenAuth:          WS-Security UsernameToken only; never falls
+//     back to HTTP digest, which keeps cameras that authenticate exclusively
+//     through WS-Security working.
+//   - DigestAuth ("digest"):      HTTP digest only; no WS-Security header.
+//   - Both ("both") / unset (""): WS-Security credentials are added (when
+//     available) and HTTP digest is attempted only if the device answers with
+//     an authentication challenge (HTTP 401 Unauthorized). On that digest
+//     retry the WS-Security header is dropped so the credentials are not sent
+//     twice.
+func (dev Device) sendSOAP(endpoint string, soap gosoap.SoapMessage) (*http.Response, error) {
+	hasCredentials := dev.params.Username != "" || dev.params.Password != ""
+
+	switch dev.params.AuthMode {
+	case NoAuth:
+		return networking.SendSoap(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String())
+
+	case UsernameTokenAuth:
+		if hasCredentials {
+			soap.AddWSSecurity(dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+		}
+		return networking.SendSoap(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String())
+
+	case DigestAuth:
+		return networking.SendSoapWithDigest(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String(), dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+
+	default: // Both and the empty/unset default.
+		if hasCredentials {
+			soap.AddWSSecurity(dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+		}
+		return networking.SendSoapWithDigest(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String(), dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+	}
 }
 
 func (dev *Device) GetDeviceParams() DeviceParams {
@@ -283,7 +336,7 @@ func (dev *Device) GetEndpointByRequestStruct(requestStruct interface{}) (string
 	return endpoint, err
 }
 
-func (dev *Device) SendSoap(endpoint string, xmlRequestBody string) (resp *http.Response, err error) {
+/*func (dev *Device) SendSoap(endpoint string, xmlRequestBody string) (resp *http.Response, err error) {
 	soap := gosoap.NewEmptySOAP()
 	soap.AddStringBodyContent(xmlRequestBody)
 	soap.AddRootNamespaces(Xlmns)
@@ -302,6 +355,78 @@ func (dev *Device) SendSoap(endpoint string, xmlRequestBody string) (resp *http.
 		resp, err = dev.params.HttpClient.Do(req)
 	}
 	return resp, err
+}*/
+
+// SendSoap POSTs the given body wrapped in a SOAP envelope.
+func (dev Device) SendSoap(endpoint string, xmlRequestBody string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endpoint, xmlRequestBody)
+}
+
+// SendSoapWithHeader is SendSoap plus arbitrary inner-Header XML —
+// needed to echo WS-Addressing ReferenceParameters (with
+// wsa:IsReferenceParameter="true") back to vendors like AXIS that
+// identify pull-point subscriptions through them rather than the URL.
+//
+// xmlHeaderContent must be well-formed XML representing one or more
+// SOAP Header child elements (siblings are supported; the spec lets
+// each reference parameter be its own header block). Malformed or
+// element-free content errors before any request is made.
+//
+// SECURITY: do not pass content sourced from untrusted clients. The
+// API assumes the caller is authoritative for the envelope. Header
+// content forwards verbatim — among others, <wsse:Security> overrides
+// auth, <wsa:Action> overrides intent, <wsa:To>/<wsa:ReplyTo>/
+// <wsa:FaultTo> redirect responses, <wsa:MessageID> enables replay-
+// token forgery, and <wsu:Timestamp> bypasses freshness checks.
+func (dev Device) SendSoapWithHeader(endpoint, xmlRequestBody, xmlHeaderContent string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endpoint, xmlRequestBody, WithSOAPHeader(xmlHeaderContent))
+}
+
+// SendSoapOption tweaks a single SendSoapWithOptions call. New options
+// (per-call timeout, context, custom envelope namespaces, ...) should
+// be added as WithX constructors here rather than as new method
+// variants on Device.
+type SendSoapOption func(*soapConfig)
+
+type soapConfig struct {
+	headerContent string
+}
+
+// WithSOAPHeader adds inner-Header XML to the envelope. See
+// SendSoapWithHeader for the content contract.
+func WithSOAPHeader(headerContent string) SendSoapOption {
+	return func(c *soapConfig) { c.headerContent = headerContent }
+}
+
+// SendSoapWithOptions is the workhorse behind SendSoap and
+// SendSoapWithHeader; call it directly when you need to combine
+// options or pass options not surfaced by the convenience wrappers.
+func (dev Device) SendSoapWithOptions(endpoint, xmlRequestBody string, opts ...SendSoapOption) (*http.Response, error) {
+	var cfg soapConfig
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		o(&cfg)
+	}
+	soap := gosoap.NewEmptySOAP()
+	soap.AddStringBodyContent(xmlRequestBody)
+	soap.AddRootNamespaces(Xlmns)
+	soap.AddAction()
+	if cfg.headerContent != "" {
+		if err := soap.AddStringHeaderContents(cfg.headerContent); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add header content: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if dev.params.Username != "" && dev.params.Password != "" {
+		soap.AddWSSecurity(dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+	}
+
+	servResp, err := networking.SendSoap(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		if servResp != nil {
+			servResp.Body.Close()
+		}
+		servResp, err = networking.SendSoapWithDigest(dev.params.HttpClient, endpoint, soap.String(), dev.params.Username, dev.params.Password)
+	}
+	return servResp, err
 }
 
 func createHttpRequest(httpMethod string, endpoint string, soap string) (req *http.Request, err error) {
@@ -334,7 +459,7 @@ func (dev *Device) CallOnvifFunction(serviceName, functionName string, data []by
 	}
 	xmlRequestBody := string(requestBody)
 
-	servResp, err := dev.SendSoap(endpoint, xmlRequestBody)
+	servResp, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endpoint, xmlRequestBody)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fail to send the '%s' request for the web service '%s', %v", functionName, serviceName, err)
 	}

Device_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 package onvif
 
 import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestDevice_SetDeviceInfoFromScopes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -22,3 +27,242 @@ func TestDevice_SetDeviceInfoFromScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, device.info.Name, name)
 	assert.Equal(t, device.info.Model, hardware)
 }
+
+// TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_InjectsHeaderXML verifies that the
+// supplied header XML lands inside the SOAP <Header> element of the
+// outgoing request. AXIS-style WS-Addressing reference parameter
+// echoing depends on this — without it the camera returns
+// ter:InvalidArgs on every PullMessages.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_InjectsHeaderXML(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerXML = `<dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event" wsa:IsReferenceParameter="true">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>`
+	const bodyXML = `<tev:PullMessages xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl"><tev:Timeout>PT5S</tev:Timeout><tev:MessageLimit>32</tev:MessageLimit></tev:PullMessages>`
+
+	var captured string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		captured = string(b)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{
+		params: DeviceParams{
+			Xaddr:      strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http://"),
+			HttpClient: srv.Client(),
+		},
+	}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithHeader(srv.URL, bodyXML, headerXML)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	headerStart := strings.Index(captured, "Header>")
+	bodyStart := strings.Index(captured, "Body>")
+	require.NotEqual(t, -1, headerStart, "envelope must contain <Header>; got: %s", captured)
+	require.Greater(t, bodyStart, headerStart, "Body must follow Header in the envelope")
+
+	headerSlice := captured[headerStart:bodyStart]
+	assert.Contains(t, headerSlice, "SubscriptionId",
+		"injected header element must land inside SOAP <Header>")
+	assert.Contains(t, headerSlice, "297")
+
+	bodySlice := captured[bodyStart:]
+	assert.Contains(t, bodySlice, "PullMessages",
+		"body content must land inside SOAP <Body>")
+}
+
+// Per WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4 every reference parameter is a separate
+// SOAP Header block. Vendors that declare two ref params would silently
+// produce a header-less request if the implementation only accepts a
+// single top-level element.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_AcceptsMultipleTopLevelChildren(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerXML = `<a:Foo xmlns:a="ns/a">1</a:Foo><b:Bar xmlns:b="ns/b">2</b:Bar>`
+	const bodyXML = `<tev:PullMessages xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl"/>`
+
+	var captured string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		captured = string(b)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{
+		Xaddr:      strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http://"),
+		HttpClient: srv.Client(),
+	}}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithHeader(srv.URL, bodyXML, headerXML)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	headerSlice := captured[strings.Index(captured, "Header>"):strings.Index(captured, "Body>")]
+	assert.Contains(t, headerSlice, "Foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, headerSlice, "Bar")
+}
+
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_RejectsElementFreeContent(t *testing.T) {
+	var hits int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits++
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{HttpClient: srv.Client()}}
+
+	// Well-formed XML but contains no child elements — would otherwise
+	// parse, yield zero ChildElements, and send a header-less request.
+	_, err := dev.SendSoapWithHeader(srv.URL, "<body/>", "just text content")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, hits,
+		"non-empty header content with no element children must fail fast")
+}
+
+// SendSoapWithOptions is the variadic shape that future per-call
+// options (timeout, context, ...) will hang off. SendSoap and
+// SendSoapWithHeader stay as thin convenience wrappers so existing
+// callers are not forced to migrate.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithOptions_WithHeaderMatchesSendSoapWithHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerXML = `<dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="urn:test">42</dom0:SubscriptionId>`
+	const bodyXML = `<tev:PullMessages xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl"/>`
+
+	var captured string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		captured = string(b)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{HttpClient: srv.Client()}}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(srv.URL, bodyXML, WithSOAPHeader(headerXML))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, captured, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, captured, "42")
+}
+
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithOptions_NoOptsMatchesSendSoap(t *testing.T) {
+	var captured string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		captured = string(b)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{HttpClient: srv.Client()}}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(srv.URL, `<tev:Body xmlns:tev="x"/>`)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	assert.NotContains(t, captured, "IsReferenceParameter",
+		"no opts should produce a header-less envelope")
+}
+
+// Digest auth fallback path: the camera 401s the first POST and the
+// retry computes a digest. The ref-params header must survive the
+// retry — losing it would silently re-introduce the AXIS regression
+// on every authenticated camera.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_PreservesHeaderAcrossDigestRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	const headerXML = `<dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="urn:vendor:axis" wsa:IsReferenceParameter="true">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>`
+	var capturedSecondBody string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") == "" {
+			w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Digest realm="onvif", nonce="abc", qop="auth"`)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		capturedSecondBody = string(b)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{
+		Xaddr:      strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http://"),
+		HttpClient: srv.Client(),
+		Username:   "admin",
+		Password:   "secret",
+	}}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithHeader(srv.URL, `<tev:PullMessages xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl"/>`, headerXML)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, capturedSecondBody, "SubscriptionId",
+		"digest retry must carry the same ref-params header as the first attempt")
+	assert.Contains(t, capturedSecondBody, "297")
+}
+
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithHeader_PropagatesMalformedHeaderError(t *testing.T) {
+	var hits int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits++
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{HttpClient: srv.Client()}}
+
+	_, err := dev.SendSoapWithHeader(srv.URL, "<body/>", "<not-closed")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, hits,
+		"malformed header XML must fail fast — no request should reach the camera with a missing header block")
+}
+
+// Digest retry: networking.SendSoapWithDigest strips the wsse:Security
+// element from the envelope before re-POSTing so credentials don't go
+// on the wire twice (once via WS-Security, once via the digest header).
+// Pin the behaviour from the Device layer.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithOptions_DigestRetryStripsWSSE(t *testing.T) {
+	var authedBody string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") == "" {
+			w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Digest realm="onvif", nonce="abc", qop="auth"`)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		authedBody = string(b)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{
+		HttpClient: srv.Client(),
+		Username:   "admin",
+		Password:   "secret",
+	}}
+	resp, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(srv.URL, "<tev:X xmlns:tev='x'/>")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, authedBody, "expected an authenticated POST after the 401 challenge")
+	assert.NotContains(t, authedBody, "UsernameToken",
+		"digest retry must strip wsse:Security/UsernameToken; otherwise credentials go on the wire twice")
+}
+
+// Last-write-wins on duplicate SendSoapOption — pin the behaviour so
+// the next maintainer adding an option doesn't accidentally introduce
+// a merge or first-wins semantic.
+func TestDevice_SendSoapWithOptions_DuplicateWithSOAPHeaderLastWins(t *testing.T) {
+	var captured string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		captured = string(b)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	dev := Device{params: DeviceParams{HttpClient: srv.Client()}}
+	_, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(srv.URL, "<body/>",
+		WithSOAPHeader(`<a:First xmlns:a="x"/>`),
+		WithSOAPHeader(`<b:Second xmlns:b="y"/>`),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotContains(t, captured, "First", "first WithSOAPHeader must be overwritten")
+	assert.Contains(t, captured, "Second")
+}

api/api.go

@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ func callNecessaryMethod(serviceName, methodName, acceptedData, username, passwo
 	switch strings.ToLower(serviceName) {
 	case "device":
 		methodStruct, err = getDeviceStructByName(methodName)
+	case "deviceio":
+		methodStruct, err = getDeviceStructByName(methodName)
 	case "ptz":
 		methodStruct, err = getPTZStructByName(methodName)
 	case "media":
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ func callNecessaryMethod(serviceName, methodName, acceptedData, username, passwo
 
 	servResp, err := networking.SendSoap(new(http.Client), endpoint, soap.String())
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		servResp, err = networking.SendSoapWithDigest(new(http.Client), endpoint, soap.String(), username, password)
 	}
 
 	rsp, err := ioutil.ReadAll(servResp.Body)

device/types.go

@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ type GetRelayOutputs struct {
 }
 
 type GetRelayOutputsResponse struct {
-	RelayOutputs onvif.RelayOutput
+	RelayOutputs []onvif.RelayOutput
 }
 
 type GetDigitalInputs struct {
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ type GetDigitalInputs struct {
 }
 
 type GetDigitalInputsResponse struct {
-	DigitalInputs onvif.DigitalInput
+	DigitalInputs []onvif.DigitalInput
 }
 
 type SetRelayOutputSettings struct {

deviceio/types.go

@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ type GetRelayOutputs struct {
 }
 
 type GetRelayOutputsResponse struct {
-	RelayOutputs onvif.RelayOutput
+	RelayOutputs []onvif.RelayOutput
 }
 
 type GetDigitalInputs struct {
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ type GetDigitalInputs struct {
 }
 
 type GetDigitalInputsResponse struct {
-	DigitalInputs onvif.DigitalInput
+	DigitalInputs []onvif.DigitalInput
 }
 
 type SetRelayOutputSettings struct {

docs/Development.md

@@ -32,3 +32,23 @@ python3 python/gen_commands.py
 
 > **Note:** You can also typically run the generator within your IDE thanks to the `//go:generate` lines 
 > towards the top of the `types.go` files.
+
+## Higher-level helpers
+
+Some web service directories ship hand-written, higher-level helpers
+built on top of the wire-layer commands. These are normal Go packages
+— **not** covered by the `gen_commands.py` workflow above and not
+expected to be regenerated.
+
+- [event/stream](../event/stream) — channel-based event consumer that
+  owns the pull-point subscription lifecycle (Create, Pull, Renew,
+  Unsubscribe, reconnect with jittered backoff) and decodes
+  notifications into normalized typed Events. Vendor topic strings
+  (AXIS, Hikvision, Avigilon, Hanwha, Bosch, Dahua) are classified
+  into a small set of `Kind` values. See the package `doc.go` for the
+  public surface and usage.
+- [event/topic](../event/topic) — topic identifier helpers.
+
+When adding a similar higher-level helper, place it under the relevant
+web service directory as a sub-package so consumers find it next to
+the wire-layer types it builds on.

event/stream/decode.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event"
+)
+
+// decode converts a single ONVIF NotificationMessage into a normalized
+// Event. Topic, Source and Data are always populated even when Kind is
+// KindUnknown so consumers can fall back to the wire form.
+func decode(msg event.NotificationMessage, deviceID string, observedAt time.Time) Event {
+	topic := string(msg.Topic.TopicKinds)
+	desc := msg.Message.Message
+	return Event{
+		Kind:       Classify(topic),
+		State:      extractState(desc.Data.SimpleItem),
+		Operation:  parsePropertyOperation(string(desc.PropertyOperation)),
+		DeviceID:   deviceID,
+		Source:     simpleItemsToMap(desc.Source.SimpleItem),
+		Data:       simpleItemsToMap(desc.Data.SimpleItem),
+		Topic:      topic,
+		Timestamp:  observedAt,
+		DeviceTime: parseDeviceTime(string(desc.UtcTime)),
+	}
+}
+
+// simpleItemsToMap returns nil for an empty list so empty notifications
+// do not allocate.
+func simpleItemsToMap(items []event.SimpleItem) map[string]string {
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m := make(map[string]string, len(items))
+	for _, it := range items {
+		m[string(it.Name)] = string(it.Value)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// extractState scans Data items for a boolean-like value, returning the
+// first match. Returns StateUnknown for edge-triggered topics like
+// LineDetector/Crossed whose Data carries only an ObjectId.
+func extractState(items []event.SimpleItem) State {
+	for _, it := range items {
+		switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(string(it.Value))) {
+		case "true", "1", "active":
+			return StateActive
+		case "false", "0", "inactive":
+			return StateInactive
+		}
+	}
+	return StateUnknown
+}
+
+// parsePropertyOperation returns PropertyUnknown for absent (optional
+// per WS-Notification) or unrecognised values.
+func parsePropertyOperation(s string) PropertyOperation {
+	switch s {
+	case "Initialized":
+		return PropertyInitialized
+	case "Changed":
+		return PropertyChanged
+	case "Deleted":
+		return PropertyDeleted
+	default:
+		return PropertyUnknown
+	}
+}
+
+// parseDeviceTime parses wsnt:UtcTime, returning the zero time when
+// absent or unparseable. Real cameras emit several flavours: with /
+// without sub-seconds, colon or compact ("+0200") offsets, and some
+// older Hikvision firmwares omit the timezone entirely (treated as
+// UTC per WS-BaseNotification which mandates UTC for UtcTime).
+func parseDeviceTime(s string) time.Time {
+	if s == "" {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	for _, layout := range deviceTimeLayouts {
+		if t, err := time.Parse(layout, s); err == nil {
+			return t.UTC()
+		}
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+var deviceTimeLayouts = []string{
+	time.RFC3339Nano,
+	time.RFC3339,
+	"2006-01-02T15:04:05.999-0700", // Geovision
+	"2006-01-02T15:04:05-0700",     // some Dahua
+	"2006-01-02T15:04:05.999",
+	"2006-01-02T15:04:05", // older Hikvision (no timezone)
+}

event/stream/decode_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/xsd"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// msg builds a NotificationMessage from the topic and a (PropertyOperation,
+// UtcTime, source items, data items) tuple so tests stay short and intent
+// is visible at the call site.
+func msg(topic, propOp, utcTime string, source, data map[string]string) event.NotificationMessage {
+	toItems := func(m map[string]string) []event.SimpleItem {
+		if len(m) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		items := make([]event.SimpleItem, 0, len(m))
+		for k, v := range m {
+			items = append(items, event.SimpleItem{
+				Name:  xsd.AnyType(k),
+				Value: xsd.AnyType(v),
+			})
+		}
+		return items
+	}
+	return event.NotificationMessage{
+		Topic: event.Topic{TopicKinds: xsd.String(topic)},
+		Message: event.MessageBody{
+			Message: event.MessageDescription{
+				PropertyOperation: xsd.AnyType(propOp),
+				UtcTime:           xsd.AnyType(utcTime),
+				Source:            event.Source{SimpleItem: toItems(source)},
+				Data:              event.Data{SimpleItem: toItems(data)},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode_MotionActive(t *testing.T) {
+	observedAt := time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 1, 0, time.UTC)
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion",
+		"Changed",
+		"2026-05-21T10:30:00Z",
+		map[string]string{
+			"VideoSourceConfigurationToken": "VideoSourceConfigToken0",
+			"Rule":                          "MyMotionRule",
+		},
+		map[string]string{"IsMotion": "true"},
+	)
+
+	ev := decode(in, "axis-cam-01", observedAt)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, PropertyChanged, ev.Operation)
+	assert.Equal(t, "axis-cam-01", ev.DeviceID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "VideoSourceConfigToken0", ev.Source["VideoSourceConfigurationToken"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "MyMotionRule", ev.Source["Rule"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", ev.Data["IsMotion"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion", ev.Topic)
+	assert.True(t, ev.Timestamp.Equal(observedAt))
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC), ev.DeviceTime)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_MotionInactive(t *testing.T) {
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm",
+		"Changed",
+		"",
+		nil,
+		map[string]string{"State": "false"},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateInactive, ev.State)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_HanwhaNumericMotionValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// Hanwha emits xsd:string values "0"/"1" instead of xsd:boolean.
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:MotionDetection",
+		"Changed",
+		"",
+		nil,
+		map[string]string{"Motion": "1"},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_AvigilonActiveLiteral(t *testing.T) {
+	// Avigilon and a handful of older firmwares emit "active"/"inactive"
+	// as the Data value rather than a boolean.
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:Relay",
+		"Changed",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{"RelayToken": "Relay-1"},
+		map[string]string{"LogicalState": "active"},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindDigitalOutput, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Relay-1", ev.Source["RelayToken"])
+}
+
+func TestDecode_AxisObjectAnalyticsMultiItem(t *testing.T) {
+	// AOA emits active + classType + confidence in the same Data list.
+	// The decoder must preserve every item; State picks the first
+	// boolean-like value, which is 'active'.
+	in := msg(
+		"tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario1",
+		"Changed",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{"Source": "device1Scene1"},
+		map[string]string{
+			"active":     "1",
+			"classType":  "Human",
+			"confidence": "92",
+		},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindObjectDetected, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Human", ev.Data["classType"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "92", ev.Data["confidence"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", ev.Data["active"])
+}
+
+func TestDecode_LineDetectorCrossedHasNoState(t *testing.T) {
+	// Edge-triggered topic — Data carries ObjectId, not a boolean. State
+	// must remain Unknown so consumers do not misread it as level-Active.
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:RuleEngine/LineDetector/Crossed",
+		"Changed",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{"VideoSourceConfigurationToken": "vsct0", "Rule": "LineRule"},
+		map[string]string{"ObjectId": "42"},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindObjectDetected, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateUnknown, ev.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "42", ev.Data["ObjectId"])
+}
+
+func TestDecode_UnknownTopicStillPreservesWireData(t *testing.T) {
+	// Kind unknown does not mean discard: consumers may want to log or
+	// route on the raw topic when classification misses.
+	in := msg(
+		"tns1:UserAlarm/IVA",
+		"",
+		"",
+		nil,
+		map[string]string{"Custom": "true"},
+	)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindUnknown, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tns1:UserAlarm/IVA", ev.Topic)
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", ev.Data["Custom"])
+}
+
+func TestDecode_PropertyOperationVariants(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want PropertyOperation
+	}{
+		{"initialized", "Initialized", PropertyInitialized},
+		{"changed", "Changed", PropertyChanged},
+		{"deleted", "Deleted", PropertyDeleted},
+		{"absent", "", PropertyUnknown},
+		{"unrecognised", "Bogus", PropertyUnknown},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", tc.in, "", nil, nil)
+			ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, ev.Operation)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode_DeviceTimeParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want time.Time
+	}{
+		{"rfc3339_utc", "2026-05-21T10:30:00Z", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)},
+		{"rfc3339_with_offset", "2026-05-21T12:30:00+02:00", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)},
+		{"rfc3339_subsecond", "2026-05-21T10:30:00.500Z", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 500_000_000, time.UTC)},
+		{"absent", "", time.Time{}},
+		{"unparseable", "not-a-date", time.Time{}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", tc.in, nil, nil)
+			ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+			if tc.want.IsZero() {
+				assert.True(t, ev.DeviceTime.IsZero(), "DeviceTime=%v", ev.DeviceTime)
+			} else {
+				assert.True(t, ev.DeviceTime.Equal(tc.want), "got=%v want=%v", ev.DeviceTime, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode_EmptySourceAndDataYieldNilMaps(t *testing.T) {
+	// Matches the zero-value contract in types_test.go: callers can
+	// safely len() and index into Source/Data without nil-checking, but
+	// we do not allocate an empty map for empty notifications.
+	in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", "", nil, nil)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Nil(t, ev.Source)
+	assert.Nil(t, ev.Data)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_StateValueIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		value string
+		want  State
+	}{
+		{"true_lower", "true", StateActive},
+		{"true_upper", "TRUE", StateActive},
+		{"true_mixed", "True", StateActive},
+		{"false_lower", "false", StateInactive},
+		{"false_mixed", "False", StateInactive},
+		{"active_mixed", "Active", StateActive},
+		{"inactive_mixed", "Inactive", StateInactive},
+		{"one", "1", StateActive},
+		{"zero", "0", StateInactive},
+		{"empty", "", StateUnknown},
+		{"nonsense", "maybe", StateUnknown},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", "",
+				nil, map[string]string{"State": tc.value})
+			ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, ev.State)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Edge cases for state extraction and time parsing ----------------
+
+func TestDecode_PropertyOperationIsCaseSensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	// Per WS-Notification §3.3 PropertyOperation values are
+	// 'Initialized' / 'Changed' / 'Deleted'. Lowercased forms are
+	// malformed and should fall through to PropertyUnknown.
+	in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "changed", "", nil, nil)
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, PropertyUnknown, ev.Operation)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_StateValueTrimsWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		value string
+		want  State
+	}{
+		{"leading_trailing", "  true  ", StateActive},
+		{"tab_newline", "\ttrue\n", StateActive},
+		{"only_spaces", "   ", StateUnknown},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", "",
+				nil, map[string]string{"State": tc.value})
+			ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, ev.State)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode_SimpleItemEmptyValueIsUnknownState(t *testing.T) {
+	in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", "",
+		nil, map[string]string{"State": ""})
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, StateUnknown, ev.State)
+	v, ok := ev.Data["State"]
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", v)
+}
+
+func TestDecode_DeviceTimeAdditionalLayouts(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want time.Time
+	}{
+		{"compact_offset", "2026-05-21T12:30:00+0200", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)},
+		{"compact_offset_subsec", "2026-05-21T12:30:00.500+0200", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 500_000_000, time.UTC)},
+		{"naked_no_tz", "2026-05-21T10:30:00", time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", tc.in, nil, nil)
+			ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+			assert.True(t, ev.DeviceTime.Equal(tc.want),
+				"input=%q got=%v want=%v", tc.in, ev.DeviceTime, tc.want)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode_DeviceTimeStillRejectsNonsense(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, s := range []string{"hello", "2026-13-45T99:99:99", strings.Repeat("9", 50)} {
+		in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", s, nil, nil)
+		ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+		assert.True(t, ev.DeviceTime.IsZero(), "input=%q should yield zero, got %v", s, ev.DeviceTime)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- First-boolean-wins with explicit slice order --------------------
+
+type pair struct{ k, v string }
+
+func simpleItemsFromPairs(pairs []pair) []event.SimpleItem {
+	out := make([]event.SimpleItem, len(pairs))
+	for i, p := range pairs {
+		out[i] = event.SimpleItem{
+			Name:  xsd.AnyType(p.k),
+			Value: xsd.AnyType(p.v),
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestExtractState_FirstBooleanLikeWins(t *testing.T) {
+	// Documented behaviour: when multiple Data items have boolean-like
+	// values, the first by slice order wins. Use explicit slice
+	// construction so the assertion does not depend on map iteration
+	// order.
+	in := msg("tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "Changed", "", nil, nil)
+	in.Message.Message.Data.SimpleItem = simpleItemsFromPairs([]pair{
+		{"ObjectId", "42"},
+		{"State", "true"},
+		{"Trailer", "false"},
+	})
+	ev := decode(in, "dev", time.Now())
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State,
+		"first boolean-like value (State=true) must win, not Trailer=false")
+}

event/stream/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Package stream is a typed, channel-based consumer for ONVIF device
+// events. It hides the SOAP/XML, pull-point subscription lifecycle,
+// subscription renewal and vendor-specific topic conventions behind a
+// single Event stream.
+//
+// # Usage
+//
+//	dev, _ := onvif.NewDevice(onvif.DeviceParams{Xaddr: "...", Username: "...", Password: "..."})
+//	s, err := stream.NewStream(ctx, dev, stream.Options{DeviceID: "front-door"})
+//	if err != nil { /* construction failed: auth, network, or no event support */ }
+//	defer s.Close()
+//
+//	for ev := range s.Events() {
+//	    switch ev.Kind {
+//	    case stream.KindMotion:
+//	        if ev.State == stream.StateActive { /* start recording */ }
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+// NewStream performs network I/O so auth and reachability failures
+// surface synchronously, and rejects a client timeout that cannot
+// outlast PullTimeout with ErrInvalidOptions. Events and Errors close when the Stream stops;
+// Errors sends are non-blocking so a stalled consumer drops older
+// errors rather than blocking the pull loop. After a silent reconnect,
+// the next batch's events carry Event.AfterReconnect=true.
+//
+// See topics.go for the verified topic→Kind mapping across AXIS,
+// Hikvision, Avigilon, Hanwha, Bosch and Dahua.
+package stream

event/stream/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// waitFor polls cond at 10ms intervals up to d. Fails the test with msg
+// if cond never returns true. Centralises the pattern that appears in
+// renew/reconnect/stream tests so retries are uniform.
+func waitFor(t *testing.T, d time.Duration, msg string, cond func() bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(d)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if cond() {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("waitFor timed out after %s: %s", d, msg)
+}

event/stream/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/goleak"
+)
+
+// Catches any pull, renew, or recreate goroutine that outlives its
+// Stream — a regression class that's silent in production until
+// goroutine count drifts up and triggers OOM.
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	goleak.VerifyTestMain(m)
+}

event/stream/pulltimeout.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif"
+)
+
+// ErrInvalidOptions marks a configuration that cannot succeed. Callers
+// retry the pull/renew/recreate errors; retrying this one never helps,
+// so it is a distinct sentinel they can short-circuit on.
+var ErrInvalidOptions = errors.New("stream: invalid options")
+
+// minClientHeadroom is how far http.Client.Timeout must exceed
+// PullTimeout. The client ceiling covers dial, TLS and the response
+// transfer on top of the poll it has to outlast, and starts before the
+// camera has parsed the request; on a cellular bearer that overhead
+// runs to hundreds of milliseconds.
+const minClientHeadroom = 5 * time.Second
+
+// validateClientTimeout rejects a client ceiling that cannot outlast
+// the PullMessages long-poll plus minClientHeadroom.
+//
+// Zero means unbounded and is accepted: it is the SDK's default when a
+// caller passes no client, so rejecting it would break every default
+// consumer. Note it is not risk-free — the caller interface documents
+// that ctx cannot interrupt an in-flight SOAP call, so only the client
+// timeout can unwedge a stalled camera.
+func validateClientTimeout(clientTimeout, pullTimeout time.Duration) error {
+	if clientTimeout == 0 || clientTimeout >= pullTimeout+minClientHeadroom {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf(
+		"%w: http.Client.Timeout (%s) must exceed PullTimeout (%s) by at least %s; PullMessages is a long-poll and the client would abort every quiet pull",
+		ErrInvalidOptions, clientTimeout, pullTimeout, minClientHeadroom)
+}
+
+// clientTimeoutOf reports the device's HTTP client ceiling, or 0 when
+// the SDK is using its own default (unbounded) client.
+func clientTimeoutOf(dev *onvif.Device) time.Duration {
+	if dev == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	c := dev.GetDeviceParams().HttpClient
+	if c == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return c.Timeout
+}

event/stream/pulltimeout_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestValidateClientTimeout — PullMessages is a long-poll: the camera
+// holds the connection open for PullTimeout waiting for an event. An
+// http.Client.Timeout covers the whole exchange and starts before the
+// camera has parsed the request, so a client ceiling at or below
+// PullTimeout loses the race on every quiet interval and the pull can
+// only ever fail. This shipped once (both were 5s) and presented as a
+// slow camera rather than a misconfiguration.
+//
+// Strict inequality is not enough: the client also has to cover dial,
+// TLS and the response transfer, which on a cellular bearer runs to
+// hundreds of milliseconds. Hence a real headroom floor.
+func TestValidateClientTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		client  time.Duration
+		pull    time.Duration
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"unbounded client is the caller's risk, not an error", 0, 30 * time.Second, false},
+		{"comfortable headroom", 40 * time.Second, 30 * time.Second, false},
+		{"exactly the minimum headroom", 30*time.Second + minClientHeadroom, 30 * time.Second, false},
+		{"a hair under the minimum headroom", 30*time.Second + minClientHeadroom - time.Millisecond, 30 * time.Second, true},
+		{"strictly greater but no headroom", 30*time.Second + time.Millisecond, 30 * time.Second, true},
+		{"equal timeouts always lose", 5 * time.Second, 5 * time.Second, true},
+		{"client below pull", 4 * time.Second, 30 * time.Second, true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateClientTimeout(tt.client, tt.pull)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err, "client=%s pull=%s must be rejected", tt.client, tt.pull)
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidOptions,
+					"callers need a sentinel to tell a permanent misconfiguration from a transient failure")
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "PullTimeout",
+					"the error must name the option the caller has to change")
+				return
+			}
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "client=%s pull=%s must be accepted", tt.client, tt.pull)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestErrInvalidOptions_IsDistinctFromStreamErrors — the pull/renew/
+// recreate errors are transient and callers retry them. A bad Options
+// never becomes valid by retrying, so it must not be mistaken for one.
+func TestErrInvalidOptions_IsDistinctFromStreamErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	err := validateClientTimeout(5*time.Second, 5*time.Second)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	var pull ErrPullFailed
+	var renew ErrRenewFailed
+	var recreate ErrRecreateFailed
+	assert.False(t, errors.As(err, &pull))
+	assert.False(t, errors.As(err, &renew))
+	assert.False(t, errors.As(err, &recreate))
+}

event/stream/reconnect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math/rand"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// maxRecreateBackoff caps exponential backoff between recreate
+// attempts. Sized for fleet deployments: at 30s a 1000-camera setup
+// recovering from a switch reboot would generate sustained
+// reconnect traffic; 5 minutes lets the network settle.
+const maxRecreateBackoff = 5 * time.Minute
+
+// jitterFraction prevents thundering-herd reconnects when many
+// cameras drop together (switch reboot, NAT timeout).
+const jitterFraction = 0.25
+
+// pullLoop runs PullMessages → decode → Events. After
+// ReconnectAfterFailures consecutive errors it asks attemptRecreate
+// to rebuild the subscription. The next batch's events carry
+// AfterReconnect=true so consumers can suppress the Initialized
+// replay ONVIF emits on a new subscription.
+func (s *Stream) pullLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	var failures int
+	recreateBackoff := s.opts.RetryBackoff
+	var afterReconnect bool
+
+	for {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		msgs, err := pullMessages(s.caller, s.getPullPoint(), s.opts)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.surfaceError(ErrPullFailed{Err: err})
+			failures++
+			if !s.opts.DisableReconnect && failures >= s.opts.ReconnectAfterFailures {
+				justRecreated, cont := s.attemptRecreate(ctx, &failures, &recreateBackoff)
+				if !cont {
+					return
+				}
+				if justRecreated {
+					afterReconnect = true
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			if !sleepCtx(ctx, s.opts.RetryBackoff) {
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		failures = 0
+		recreateBackoff = s.opts.RetryBackoff
+		observedAt := s.now()
+		for _, m := range msgs {
+			ev := decode(m, s.opts.DeviceID, observedAt)
+			if afterReconnect {
+				ev.AfterReconnect = true
+				// Clear once the camera transitions past the
+				// Initialized replay to live events.
+				if ev.Operation != PropertyInitialized {
+					afterReconnect = false
+				}
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case s.events <- ev:
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// attemptRecreate returns (justRecreated, cont). cont is false only
+// when ctx cancelled during backoff so the caller exits the loop.
+func (s *Stream) attemptRecreate(ctx context.Context, failures *int, backoff *time.Duration) (justRecreated, cont bool) {
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(s.caller, s.opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.surfaceError(ErrRecreateFailed{Err: err})
+		if !sleepCtx(ctx, jitter(*backoff)) {
+			return false, false
+		}
+		*backoff *= 2
+		if *backoff > maxRecreateBackoff {
+			*backoff = maxRecreateBackoff
+		}
+		return false, true
+	}
+	s.setPullPoint(ref)
+	*failures = 0
+	*backoff = s.opts.RetryBackoff
+	return true, true
+}
+
+// jitter perturbs d by ±jitterFraction so synchronised drops do not
+// produce a synchronised reconnect surge.
+func jitter(d time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return time.Nanosecond
+	}
+	spread := float64(d) * jitterFraction
+	delta := (rand.Float64()*2 - 1) * spread
+	out := time.Duration(float64(d) + delta)
+	if out <= 0 {
+		out = time.Nanosecond
+	}
+	return out
+}

event/stream/reconnect_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// createPullPointRespAlt mirrors the first fixture but returns a
+// different SubscriptionReference Address so a test can prove that
+// subsequent pulls hit the recreated endpoint. Like createPullPointResp,
+// it intentionally omits <TerminationTime> so renew scheduling stays
+// driven by opts.
+const createPullPointRespAlt = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+              xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+              xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body>
+    <tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+      <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+        <wsa:Address>http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_2</wsa:Address>
+      </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+    </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+
+// --- Recreate after pull failures ------------------------------------
+
+func TestStream_RecreatesSubscriptionAfterRepeatedPullErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointRespAlt, nil)
+
+	fc.queueSendSoap("", errors.New("transient failure"))
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(motionMsg("true")), nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		DeviceID:               "cam-1",
+		PullTimeout:            50 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	ev := receive(t, s.Events(), 2*time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	require.Len(t, fc.callMethodCalls, 2,
+		"expected exactly 2 CallMethod calls (initial + recreate)")
+	var newEndpointPulls int
+	for _, c := range fc.sendSoapCalls {
+		if c[0] == "http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_2" {
+			newEndpointPulls++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, newEndpointPulls, 1,
+		"expected pulls against the recreated subscription endpoint")
+}
+
+func TestStream_BackoffWhenRecreateFails(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultCall = fakeResp{err: errors.New("recreate fail")}
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errors.New("pull fail")}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:            10 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		fc.mu.Lock()
+		calls.Store(int32(len(fc.callMethodCalls)))
+		fc.mu.Unlock()
+		if calls.Load() >= 4 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, calls.Load(), int32(4),
+		"expected stream to retry recreate (>=3 retries on top of the initial create)")
+}
+
+func TestStream_ReconnectAfterFailuresDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	o := defaultOptions()
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, o.ReconnectAfterFailures)
+}
+
+func TestStream_RetryBackoffDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	o := defaultOptions()
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Second, o.RetryBackoff)
+}
+
+func TestStream_DisableReconnectKeepsRetryingOriginalEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errors.New("pull fail")}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:        10 * time.Millisecond,
+		RetryBackoff:       10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second,
+		DisableReconnect:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	calls := len(fc.callMethodCalls)
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, calls, "DisableReconnect must prevent recreate; got %d CallMethod calls", calls)
+}
+
+func TestStream_RecreateResetsFailuresAndBackoffOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointRespAlt, nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap("", errors.New("first failure"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:            10 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	calls := len(fc.callMethodCalls)
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, calls,
+		"after one failure + successful recreate, no further recreates expected; got %d", calls)
+}
+
+func TestStream_PullPointMutationVisibleToRenewLoopUnderRace(t *testing.T) {
+	// Drives the pullPoint write-by-pullLoop / read-by-renewLoop race
+	// so -race actually exercises the mutex critical sections.
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointRespAlt, nil)
+	}
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errors.New("recurring pull fail")}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:            5 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           1 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     20 * time.Millisecond,
+		RenewMargin:            2 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+// --- Typed errors from the reconnect path ----------------------------
+
+func TestStream_PullErrorIsTypedErrPullFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap("", errors.New("transient"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:        50 * time.Millisecond,
+		RetryBackoff:       10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case e := <-s.Errors():
+		var pullErr ErrPullFailed
+		require.True(t, errors.As(e, &pullErr), "expected ErrPullFailed, got %T: %v", e, e)
+		assert.Contains(t, pullErr.Err.Error(), "transient")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected ErrPullFailed on Errors channel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStream_RecreateErrorIsTypedErrRecreateFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultCall = fakeResp{err: errors.New("recreate fail")}
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errors.New("pull fail")}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:            10 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
+	var sawRecreate bool
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) && !sawRecreate {
+		select {
+		case e := <-s.Errors():
+			var rec ErrRecreateFailed
+			if errors.As(e, &rec) {
+				sawRecreate = true
+				assert.Contains(t, rec.Err.Error(), "recreate fail")
+			}
+		case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, sawRecreate, "expected at least one ErrRecreateFailed on Errors")
+}
+
+func TestStream_AfterReconnectFlagSetOnFirstPostRecreateBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointRespAlt, nil)
+
+	fc.queueSendSoap("", errors.New("transient"))
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(motionMsg("true")), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(motionMsg("false")), nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:            50 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 1,
+		RetryBackoff:           10 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination:     30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	ev1 := receive(t, s.Events(), 2*time.Second)
+	assert.True(t, ev1.AfterReconnect, "first event after recreate must carry AfterReconnect=true")
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev1.State)
+
+	ev2 := receive(t, s.Events(), 2*time.Second)
+	assert.False(t, ev2.AfterReconnect, "subsequent events should not carry AfterReconnect")
+	assert.Equal(t, StateInactive, ev2.State)
+}
+
+// --- Jitter ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestJitter_StaysWithinFraction(t *testing.T) {
+	const base = time.Second
+	low := time.Duration(float64(base) * (1 - jitterFraction))
+	high := time.Duration(float64(base) * (1 + jitterFraction))
+	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+		got := jitter(base)
+		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, got, low, "iteration %d", i)
+		assert.LessOrEqual(t, got, high, "iteration %d", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJitter_ZeroAndNegativeReturnPositive(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Greater(t, jitter(0), time.Duration(0))
+	assert.Greater(t, jitter(-time.Second), time.Duration(0))
+}
+
+func TestJitter_VariesAcrossCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	first := jitter(time.Second)
+	allEqual := true
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		if jitter(time.Second) != first {
+			allEqual = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.False(t, allEqual, "jitter is producing a constant; rand seed not working")
+}
+
+func TestMaxRecreateBackoff_Is5Minutes(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Minute, maxRecreateBackoff)
+}

event/stream/renew.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/xsd"
+)
+
+// renewLoop sleeps until the next deadline (camera-granted termination
+// minus RenewMargin), renews, and repeats. On failure it backs off via
+// nextRenewIntervalAfterError so the loop doesn't busy-loop against
+// the 1s floor when the previous grant has just expired. A permanently
+// failing renew lets the subscription die at the camera; the pull
+// loop's reconnect path then recreates it — recreate is the only
+// reliable recovery once a subscription is GC'd.
+func (s *Stream) renewLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	for {
+		ref, gen := s.snapshotPullPoint()
+		if !sleepCtx(ctx, nextRenewInterval(ref.GrantedTermination, s.opts, s.now())) {
+			return
+		}
+		granted, err := renewPullPoint(s.caller, s.getPullPoint(), s.opts)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.surfaceError(ErrRenewFailed{Err: err})
+			if !sleepCtx(ctx, nextRenewIntervalAfterError(s.opts)) {
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if !granted.IsZero() {
+			s.updateGrantedTerminationIfGen(gen, granted)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// nextRenewInterval prefers the camera-granted termination so we never
+// schedule a renew past the actual expiry, with opts.InitialTermination
+// as the fallback when the camera didn't supply one.
+func nextRenewInterval(granted time.Time, opts Options, now time.Time) time.Duration {
+	var base time.Duration
+	if !granted.IsZero() {
+		base = granted.Sub(now)
+	} else {
+		base = opts.InitialTermination
+	}
+	d := base - opts.RenewMargin
+	if d <= 0 {
+		d = base / 2
+	}
+	if d <= 0 {
+		d = time.Second
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// nextRenewIntervalAfterError returns the post-failure sleep. The
+// grant is typically already in the past by the time renew has failed
+// once, so nextRenewInterval would floor to 1s and hammer the camera.
+// Recovery is the pull loop's reconnect path; we just need to not
+// accelerate retries past the configured RetryBackoff.
+func nextRenewIntervalAfterError(opts Options) time.Duration {
+	if opts.RetryBackoff > 0 {
+		return opts.RetryBackoff
+	}
+	return time.Second
+}
+
+// renewPullPoint sends Renew with an absolute UTC TerminationTime.
+// WS-BaseNotification §6.1.1 also allows xsd:duration but older
+// Hikvision, some Dahua and some Bosch firmwares reject the
+// relative form. Returns the camera-granted TerminationTime parsed
+// from the response (zero on absence) so the caller can reschedule.
+func renewPullPoint(c caller, ref subscriptionRef, opts Options) (time.Time, error) {
+	absoluteEnd := time.Now().UTC().Add(opts.InitialTermination).Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z")
+	req := event.Renew{TerminationTime: xsd.String(absoluteEnd)}
+	body, err := xml.Marshal(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("marshal Renew: %w", err)
+	}
+	headerXML, err := buildRefParamsHeader(ref.RefParamsXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("build ref params header: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := c.SendSoapWithHeader(ref.Address, string(body), headerXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, enrichSOAPErr(resp, err)
+	}
+	respBody, err := readClose(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+	return extractTerminationTime(respBody), nil
+}

event/stream/renew_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// countSendSoapMatching counts how many recorded SendSoap calls have a
+// body containing needle. Safe to call concurrently with the run loop.
+func countSendSoapMatching(fc *fakeCaller, needle string) int {
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	n := 0
+	for _, c := range fc.sendSoapCalls {
+		if strings.Contains(c[1], needle) {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func TestStream_RenewsSubscriptionBeforeExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// 100 ms termination with 10 ms margin -> renew every ~90 ms.
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		DeviceID:           "cam-1",
+		InitialTermination: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+		RenewMargin:        10 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	var renewCount int
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		renewCount = countSendSoapMatching(fc, "Renew")
+		if renewCount >= 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, renewCount, 1, "expected at least one Renew SendSoap call within 500ms")
+}
+
+func TestStream_RenewSendsToSubscriptionEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		InitialTermination: 80 * time.Millisecond,
+		RenewMargin:        10 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if countSendSoapMatching(fc, "Renew") >= 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	var renewEndpoint string
+	for _, c := range fc.sendSoapCalls {
+		if strings.Contains(c[1], "Renew") {
+			renewEndpoint = c[0]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, renewEndpoint, "no Renew call found")
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_1", renewEndpoint,
+		"Renew must target the SubscriptionReference Address")
+}
+
+func TestStream_RenewMarginAppliesDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	o := defaultOptions()
+	assert.Equal(t, 10*time.Second, o.RenewMargin)
+}
+
+func TestStream_RenewErrorSurfacedOnErrorsChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	// Defaults return empty pulls indefinitely so the pull loop is clean.
+	// Override defaultSendSoap on the fly to return a Renew error for
+	// any body that looks like a Renew. We do that by tagging the
+	// default response with an err, then resetting after capturing one.
+	// Simpler: just queue several explicit Renew-error responses; the
+	// fake's queue is consumed in FIFO and the pull body never matches
+	// 'Renew', so queued errors will land on the renew call only if
+	// queued before any pulls. To bias the order we drain via a custom
+	// default.
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errInjected{}}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		InitialTermination: 80 * time.Millisecond,
+		RenewMargin:        10 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case e := <-s.Errors():
+		assert.Contains(t, e.Error(), "injected")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected an error on Errors channel from failing Renew/pull")
+	}
+}
+
+// errInjected is a sentinel error type so the test message has a stable
+// substring without depending on a wrapped string match.
+type errInjected struct{}
+
+func (errInjected) Error() string { return "injected fake error" }
+
+func TestRenew_SendsAbsoluteDateTimeNotDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		InitialTermination: 30 * time.Millisecond,
+		RenewMargin:        5 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if countSendSoapMatching(fc, "Renew") >= 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	var renewBody string
+	for _, c := range fc.sendSoapCalls {
+		if strings.Contains(c[1], "Renew") {
+			renewBody = c[1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, renewBody, "no Renew call observed")
+	// Absolute form is "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ" not "PTnS".
+	assert.NotContains(t, renewBody, "PT", "Renew should not send relative duration; some firmwares reject it")
+	assert.Regexp(t, `\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}Z`, renewBody, "Renew should send absolute RFC3339 UTC")
+}
+
+// --- Wiring: renew surfaces SOAP fault detail -------------------------
+
+func TestRenewPullPoint_EnrichesTransportErrWithFaultReason(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueSendSoap(renewFaultBody, errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	_, err := renewPullPoint(fc, subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub"}, defaultOptions())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "renew-specific complaint",
+		"renewPullPoint must enrich transport errors with the camera's SOAP fault")
+}
+
+const renewFaultBody = `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault>
+    <env:Code><env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value></env:Code>
+    <env:Reason><env:Text xml:lang="en">renew-specific complaint</env:Text></env:Reason>
+  </env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+
+func TestRenewPullPoint_EchoesRefParamsWithIsReferenceParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{
+		Address:      "http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services",
+		RefParamsXML: `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"><dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId></wsa:ReferenceParameters>`,
+	}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	_, err := renewPullPoint(fc, ref, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders, 1)
+	hdr := fc.sendSoapHeaders[0]
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "297")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`)
+}
+
+// Regression: when GrantedTermination has just passed (renew failed
+// at or after the deadline), nextRenewInterval floors to one second
+// and the loop hammers the camera at 1 Hz until reconnect. Original
+// ticker design retried at the configured cadence regardless. After
+// a failure the loop must use a backoff decoupled from the stale
+// grant.
+func TestNextRenewIntervalAfterError_BacksOffAtLeastRetryBackoff(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := Options{RetryBackoff: time.Second}
+	got := nextRenewIntervalAfterError(opts)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, got, opts.RetryBackoff,
+		"failure path must back off at least RetryBackoff, not 1s floor on stale grant")
+}
+
+func TestNextRenewIntervalAfterError_DefaultsToOneSecondWhenRetryBackoffZero(t *testing.T) {
+	got := nextRenewIntervalAfterError(Options{})
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Second, got,
+		"zero RetryBackoff must yield the safety floor, not a tight 0-duration sleep")
+}
+
+// Lost-update race: renew snapshots the ref, the SOAP call returns,
+// and meanwhile attemptRecreate replaced pullPoint with a fresh
+// subscription. If renew blindly writes the OLD subscription's
+// granted time onto the NEW subscription, the new schedule is wrong.
+// Update must be conditioned on "same subscription as when I read."
+func TestUpdateGrantedTermination_DropsWriteWhenSubscriptionRotated(t *testing.T) {
+	// s.now is intentionally nil — this test does not exercise any
+	// time-dependent path; only the gen-counter accessors.
+	s := &Stream{}
+	original := subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub-A"}
+	s.setPullPoint(original)
+	gen := s.pullPointGen()
+
+	// Simulate recreate happening between snapshot and write.
+	s.setPullPoint(subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub-B"})
+
+	// Old generation's renew result must NOT overwrite sub-B's grant.
+	bogus := time.Date(1999, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	s.updateGrantedTerminationIfGen(gen, bogus)
+
+	assert.True(t, s.getPullPoint().GrantedTermination.IsZero(),
+		"stale renew result must be discarded after a subscription rotation")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateGrantedTermination_AppliesWhenGenMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	// s.now is intentionally nil — gen-counter path only.
+	s := &Stream{}
+	s.setPullPoint(subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub"})
+	gen := s.pullPointGen()
+	t1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 27, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	s.updateGrantedTerminationIfGen(gen, t1)
+	assert.Equal(t, t1, s.getPullPoint().GrantedTermination)
+}
+
+// renewLoop must capture (ref, gen) atomically. Two separate
+// getPullPoint() + pullPointGen() reads leave a window in which a
+// concurrent setPullPoint advances gen between the two reads — the
+// renew then runs against ref-N but believes its captured gen is N+1,
+// and updateGrantedTerminationIfGen("succeeds") writing the old
+// subscription's grant onto the new one. Single snapshot closes it.
+func TestSnapshotPullPoint_AtomicReadOfRefAndGen(t *testing.T) {
+	// s.now is intentionally nil — gen-counter path only.
+	s := &Stream{}
+	s.setPullPoint(subscriptionRef{Address: "A"}) // gen=1
+	ref, gen := s.snapshotPullPoint()
+	assert.Equal(t, "A", ref.Address)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), gen)
+
+	s.setPullPoint(subscriptionRef{Address: "B"}) // gen=2
+	ref, gen = s.snapshotPullPoint()
+	assert.Equal(t, "B", ref.Address)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), gen)
+}

event/stream/soap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/beevik/etree"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/xsd"
+)
+
+// maxResponseBytes caps SOAP response buffering on success paths.
+// ONVIF PullMessages bodies are normally <100KB even with dense
+// analytics payloads; 10 MiB is well above legitimate traffic while
+// keeping a hostile or buggy camera from OOMing the process.
+const maxResponseBytes = 10 << 20
+
+// maxErrorBodyBytes caps the body read by enrichSOAPErr. The pull
+// retry loop runs every RetryBackoff (~1s) so an unbounded read on
+// the error path would churn 10 MiB/s per wedged camera. Fault bodies
+// are always small.
+const maxErrorBodyBytes = 64 << 10
+
+func createPullPoint(c caller, opts Options) (subscriptionRef, error) {
+	term := xsd.String(durationToXSD(opts.InitialTermination))
+	req := event.CreatePullPointSubscription{InitialTerminationTime: &term}
+	if opts.RawTopicFilter != "" {
+		req.Filter = &event.FilterType{
+			TopicExpression: &event.TopicExpressionType{
+				Dialect:    xsd.String("http://www.onvif.org/ver10/tev/topicExpression/ConcreteSet"),
+				TopicKinds: xsd.String(opts.RawTopicFilter),
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	resp, err := c.CallMethod(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return subscriptionRef{}, enrichSOAPErr(resp, err)
+	}
+	body, err := readClose(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return subscriptionRef{}, err
+	}
+	var decoded event.CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse
+	if err := unmarshalNode(body, "CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse", &decoded); err != nil {
+		return subscriptionRef{}, err
+	}
+	addr := string(decoded.SubscriptionReference.Address)
+	if addr == "" {
+		return subscriptionRef{}, errors.New("CreatePullPointSubscription response has empty SubscriptionReference Address")
+	}
+	return subscriptionRef{
+		Address:            addr,
+		RefParamsXML:       extractReferenceParameters(body),
+		GrantedTermination: extractTerminationTime(body),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// extractTerminationTime parses the absolute UTC instant the camera
+// granted as the subscription expiry. Returns zero on absence or parse
+// failure — callers fall back to opts.InitialTermination.
+func extractTerminationTime(body string) time.Time {
+	m := terminationTimeRE.FindStringSubmatch(body)
+	if len(m) < 2 {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, strings.TrimSpace(m[1]))
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+// terminationTimeRE matches the first <*:TerminationTime> in the body.
+// Only safe on responses that contain exactly one — currently
+// CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse and RenewResponse via
+// extractTerminationTime. PullMessagesResponse also has a
+// TerminationTime element; do not call extractTerminationTime on pull
+// bodies.
+var terminationTimeRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?TerminationTime\b[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?TerminationTime>`)
+
+// pullMessages returns an empty slice (no error) when the camera had
+// nothing within PullTimeout.
+func pullMessages(c caller, ref subscriptionRef, opts Options) ([]event.NotificationMessage, error) {
+	req := event.PullMessages{
+		Timeout:      xsd.Duration(durationToXSD(opts.PullTimeout)),
+		MessageLimit: xsd.Int(opts.MessageLimit),
+	}
+	body, err := xml.Marshal(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal PullMessages: %w", err)
+	}
+	headerXML, err := buildRefParamsHeader(ref.RefParamsXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build ref params header: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := c.SendSoapWithHeader(ref.Address, string(body), headerXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, enrichSOAPErr(resp, err)
+	}
+	respBody, err := readClose(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var decoded event.PullMessagesResponse
+	if err := unmarshalNode(respBody, "PullMessagesResponse", &decoded); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return decoded.NotificationMessage, nil
+}
+
+// unsubscribePullPoint is best-effort. Empty Address is a no-op
+// (construction failed before installing a subscription).
+func unsubscribePullPoint(c caller, ref subscriptionRef) error {
+	if ref.Address == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	body, err := xml.Marshal(event.Unsubscribe{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal Unsubscribe: %w", err)
+	}
+	headerXML, err := buildRefParamsHeader(ref.RefParamsXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("build ref params header: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := c.SendSoapWithHeader(ref.Address, string(body), headerXML)
+	if err != nil {
+		return enrichSOAPErr(resp, err)
+	}
+	_, err = readClose(resp)
+	return err
+}
+
+func readClose(resp *http.Response) (string, error) {
+	if resp == nil || resp.Body == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("nil HTTP response")
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxResponseBytes))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read response body: %w", err)
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+// unmarshalNode finds the first XML start element with the given local
+// name and decodes it into out. ONVIF SOAP responses are wrapped in an
+// envelope with many namespace prefixes; keying on local name only
+// sidesteps namespace matching.
+//
+// When the camera returns a SOAP Fault, the fault reason is returned
+// as the error so callers can distinguish auth / expired-subscription
+// from "unparseable response".
+func unmarshalNode(body, localName string, out any) error {
+	if reason := extractSOAPFault(body); reason != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ONVIF SOAP fault: %s", reason)
+	}
+	dec := xml.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	for {
+		tok, err := dec.Token()
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("ONVIF response missing %s element", localName)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("scan ONVIF response: %w", err)
+		}
+		start, ok := tok.(xml.StartElement)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if start.Name.Local != localName {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := dec.DecodeElement(out, &start); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decode %s: %w", localName, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	// SOAP 1.1: <faultstring>reason</faultstring>
+	soap11FaultRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?faultstring[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?faultstring>`)
+	// SOAP 1.2: <Fault>...<Reason><Text>reason</Text></Reason>...</Fault>
+	soap12FaultRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Reason\b[^>]*>.*?<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Text[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Text>`)
+	// SOAP 1.2 Subcode: <Code>...<Subcode><Value>ter:InvalidArgs</Value></Subcode>...
+	soap12SubcodeRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Subcode\b[^>]*>.*?<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Value[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Value>`)
+
+	// WS-Security blocks may carry our Username/Password if the camera
+	// echoes the request in a fault; scrub before logging. The
+	// alternation handles the truncated case where the read cap fell
+	// between <Security> and </Security>: in that case nothing past
+	// the opening tag is safe to retain — the replacement re-emits a
+	// synthetic close tag, dropping the remainder of the body excerpt
+	// (max-redact preferred to max-context for log lines).
+	// wssePasswordRE is the belt-and-braces fallback for
+	// non-conformant cameras emitting Password / UsernameToken outside
+	// a Security wrapper; same truncation handling.
+	wsseSecurityRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Security\b[^>]*>(?:.*?</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Security>|.*)`)
+	wssePasswordRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Password\b[^>]*>(?:.*?</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?Password>|.*)`)
+)
+
+// extractSOAPFault returns the reason text from a SOAP fault, falling
+// back to the Subcode value when Reason/Text is empty (AXIS pattern).
+// Returns "" when the body is not a fault.
+func extractSOAPFault(body string) string {
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "Fault") {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if m := soap11FaultRE.FindStringSubmatch(body); len(m) > 1 {
+		if r := strings.TrimSpace(m[1]); r != "" {
+			return r
+		}
+	}
+	if m := soap12FaultRE.FindStringSubmatch(body); len(m) > 1 {
+		if r := strings.TrimSpace(m[1]); r != "" {
+			return r
+		}
+	}
+	return extractSOAPSubcode(body)
+}
+
+// Anchored to SubscriptionReference because other WS-Addressing
+// endpoint references in the same envelope (wsa:ReplyTo, wsa:FaultTo,
+// wsa:From) may also carry ReferenceParameters that are not ours.
+var (
+	subscriptionRefRE = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?SubscriptionReference\b[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?SubscriptionReference>`)
+	refParamsRE       = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)<(?:[^:>\s]+:)?ReferenceParameters\b[^>]*>(.*?)</(?:[^:>\s]+:)?ReferenceParameters>`)
+)
+
+// buildRefParamsHeader produces the SOAP <Header> inner XML from the
+// full <*:ReferenceParameters> element returned by
+// extractReferenceParameters. Each child element is re-emitted with
+// wsa:IsReferenceParameter="true" added and any xmlns:* declared on
+// the parent inherited onto it (so the standalone child stays valid).
+// Empty input yields empty output.
+func buildRefParamsHeader(refParamsXML string) (string, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(refParamsXML) == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	doc := etree.NewDocument()
+	if err := doc.ReadFromString(refParamsXML); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse ref params: %w", err)
+	}
+	wrapper := doc.Root()
+	if wrapper == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("ref params has no root element")
+	}
+	if wrapper.Tag != "ReferenceParameters" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("ref params root must be <*:ReferenceParameters>, got <%s>", wrapper.Tag)
+	}
+	var out strings.Builder
+	for _, child := range wrapper.ChildElements() {
+		c := child.Copy()
+		inheritXmlns(c, wrapper)
+		c.CreateAttr("wsa:IsReferenceParameter", "true")
+		d := etree.NewDocument()
+		d.SetRoot(c)
+		s, err := d.WriteToString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("serialise ref param child: %w", err)
+		}
+		out.WriteString(strings.TrimRight(s, "\n"))
+	}
+	return out.String(), nil
+}
+
+// inheritXmlns copies xmlns / xmlns:* declarations from src onto dst
+// when dst doesn't already declare them, so a child whose namespace
+// prefix was declared on an ancestor stays valid in isolation.
+func inheritXmlns(dst, src *etree.Element) {
+	for _, attr := range src.Attr {
+		isDefault := attr.Space == "" && attr.Key == "xmlns"
+		isPrefixed := attr.Space == "xmlns"
+		if !isDefault && !isPrefixed {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := attr.Key
+		if isPrefixed {
+			key = "xmlns:" + attr.Key
+		}
+		if dst.SelectAttr(key) != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dst.CreateAttr(key, attr.Value)
+	}
+}
+
+// extractReferenceParameters returns the verbatim inner XML so callers
+// can echo it (with wsa:IsReferenceParameter="true") into the SOAP
+// Header of subscription-scoped requests per WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4.
+// Without that echo, AXIS rejects PullMessages with ter:InvalidArgs.
+func extractReferenceParameters(body string) string {
+	sub := subscriptionRefRE.FindStringSubmatch(body)
+	if len(sub) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(refParamsRE.FindString(sub[1]))
+}
+
+// extractSOAPSubcode is the fallback when Reason/Text is empty — AXIS
+// routinely sends an empty <Text/> alongside a populated Subcode
+// (e.g. "ter:InvalidArgs"), and that subcode is the only actionable
+// signal the operator gets.
+func extractSOAPSubcode(body string) string {
+	m := soap12SubcodeRE.FindStringSubmatch(body)
+	if len(m) > 1 {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(m[1])
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// maxErrExcerpt caps the body excerpt appended to an enriched error so
+// a wedged camera streaming a multi-megabyte HTML error page can not
+// flood logs with every retry.
+const maxErrExcerpt = 512
+
+// enrichSOAPErr appends the camera's actual complaint (SOAP Fault
+// reason, then Subcode, then raw body excerpt) to a transport error so
+// operators see *why* the camera said 400 instead of just "400 Bad
+// Request". The original err is preserved via %w for errors.Is/As.
+func enrichSOAPErr(resp *http.Response, err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if resp == nil || resp.Body == nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	b, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxErrorBodyBytes))
+	if readErr != nil || len(b) == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	body := wsseSecurityRE.ReplaceAllString(string(b), "<Security>[REDACTED]</Security>")
+	body = wssePasswordRE.ReplaceAllString(body, "<Password>[REDACTED]</Password>")
+	if reason := extractSOAPFault(body); reason != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SOAP fault: %s: %w", reason, err)
+	}
+	excerpt := strings.TrimSpace(body)
+	if len(excerpt) > maxErrExcerpt {
+		excerpt = excerpt[:maxErrExcerpt] + "...(truncated)"
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("response body: %s: %w", excerpt, err)
+}
+
+// durationToXSD formats a duration as xsd:duration PTnS. Second
+// precision is sufficient — ONVIF cameras do not honour sub-second
+// pull timeouts.
+func durationToXSD(d time.Duration) string {
+	secs := int(d.Round(time.Second).Seconds())
+	if secs <= 0 {
+		secs = 1
+	}
+	return "PT" + strconv.Itoa(secs) + "S"
+}

event/stream/soap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// --- SOAP fault detection ---------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractSOAPFault_SOAP11(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
+  <env:Body>
+    <env:Fault>
+      <faultcode>env:Client</faultcode>
+      <faultstring>The action requested requires authorization and the sender is not authorized</faultstring>
+    </env:Fault>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := extractSOAPFault(body)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "not authorized")
+}
+
+func TestExtractSOAPFault_SOAP12(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Body>
+    <env:Fault>
+      <env:Code><env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value></env:Code>
+      <env:Reason><env:Text xml:lang="en">Subscription has expired</env:Text></env:Reason>
+    </env:Fault>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := extractSOAPFault(body)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "Subscription has expired")
+}
+
+func TestExtractSOAPFault_NotAFault(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Empty(t, extractSOAPFault(createPullPointResp))
+}
+
+func TestExtractSOAPFault_EmptyBody(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Empty(t, extractSOAPFault(""))
+}
+
+func TestUnmarshalNode_ReturnsFaultReasonInsteadOfMissingElement(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault><faultstring>not authorized</faultstring></env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	var out struct{}
+	err := unmarshalNode(body, "PullMessagesResponse", &out)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "not authorized")
+	assert.NotContains(t, err.Error(), "missing PullMessagesResponse")
+}
+
+// --- Bounded body read -----------------------------------------------
+
+func TestReadClose_LimitsBodySize(t *testing.T) {
+	if maxResponseBytes < 1024 {
+		t.Skip("limit too small for this test")
+	}
+	big := strings.Repeat("A", maxResponseBytes+1024)
+	body := "<env:Envelope><env:Body>" + big + "</env:Body></env:Envelope>"
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(body, nil)
+	// Construction will fail because the truncated body has no
+	// CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse — that's fine; what matters is
+	// the read completes without OOM.
+	_, err := newStream(testContext(t), fc, Options{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// testContext returns a Background context already wired to cancel via
+// t.Cleanup so the test does not need to manage the cancellation
+// goroutine inline.
+func testContext(t *testing.T) context.Context {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+	return ctx
+}
+
+// --- Error enrichment from SOAP response bodies ----------------------
+
+func fakeResponse(body string) *http.Response {
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_NilErrReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NoError(t, enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse("anything"), nil))
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_NilRespPreservesOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	orig := errors.New("transport boom")
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(nil, orig)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, got, orig)
+	assert.Equal(t, orig.Error(), got.Error(), "no body, no extra context to add")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_SOAP11FaultStringAppearsInError(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault><faultstring>not authorized</faultstring></env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "400 Bad Request")
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "not authorized")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_SOAP12ReasonAppearsInError(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault>
+    <env:Code><env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value></env:Code>
+    <env:Reason><env:Text xml:lang="en">Subscription has expired</env:Text></env:Reason>
+  </env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "Subscription has expired")
+}
+
+// Pins the AXIS case: a Fault with populated Subcode but an empty
+// <Reason><Text/></Reason>. Without subcode fallback, the only signal
+// the operator sees is "400 Bad Request".
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_EmptyReasonFallsBackToSubcode(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:ter="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/error">
+  <SOAP-ENV:Body><SOAP-ENV:Fault>
+    <SOAP-ENV:Code>
+      <SOAP-ENV:Value>SOAP-ENV:Sender</SOAP-ENV:Value>
+      <SOAP-ENV:Subcode><SOAP-ENV:Value>ter:InvalidArgs</SOAP-ENV:Value></SOAP-ENV:Subcode>
+    </SOAP-ENV:Code>
+    <SOAP-ENV:Reason><SOAP-ENV:Text xml:lang="en"/></SOAP-ENV:Reason>
+  </SOAP-ENV:Fault></SOAP-ENV:Body>
+</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("Post with digest error: 400: 400 Bad Request"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "ter:InvalidArgs",
+		"AXIS-style empty-Reason Faults must surface their Subcode")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_NonFaultBodyIncludesExcerpt(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<html><body>404 Not Found — /onvif/services missing</body></html>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("404 Not Found"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "/onvif/services missing")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_LargeNonFaultBodyTruncated(t *testing.T) {
+	// A misbehaving camera could stream a multi-megabyte body. The
+	// helper must cap the excerpt so a wedged camera does not flood
+	// logs.
+	body := strings.Repeat("X", 8192)
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("500"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.Less(t, len(got.Error()), 2048,
+		"enriched error must stay log-line sized even on huge bodies")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_PreservesOriginalForErrorsIs(t *testing.T) {
+	// Callers wrap pull/renew/recreate errors with errors.As in
+	// logStreamError; enrichment must keep the original wrappable.
+	orig := errors.New("sentinel")
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(`<env:Fault><faultstring>x</faultstring></env:Fault>`), orig)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, got, orig)
+}
+
+// --- Subcode extraction ----------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractSOAPSubcode_Present(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<SOAP-ENV:Code>
+  <SOAP-ENV:Value>SOAP-ENV:Sender</SOAP-ENV:Value>
+  <SOAP-ENV:Subcode><SOAP-ENV:Value>ter:InvalidArgs</SOAP-ENV:Value></SOAP-ENV:Subcode>
+</SOAP-ENV:Code>`
+	assert.Equal(t, "ter:InvalidArgs", extractSOAPSubcode(body))
+}
+
+func TestExtractSOAPSubcode_Absent(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Empty(t, extractSOAPSubcode(`<env:Code><env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value></env:Code>`))
+}
+
+// --- Wiring: each SOAP call site routes errors through enrichSOAPErr -
+
+const faultBody = `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault>
+    <env:Code><env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value></env:Code>
+    <env:Reason><env:Text xml:lang="en">camera-specific complaint</env:Text></env:Reason>
+  </env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+
+func TestCreatePullPoint_EnrichesTransportErrWithFaultReason(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(faultBody, errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	_, err := createPullPoint(fc, defaultOptions())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "camera-specific complaint",
+		"createPullPoint must enrich transport errors with the camera's SOAP fault")
+}
+
+func TestPullMessages_EnrichesTransportErrWithFaultReason(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueSendSoap(faultBody, errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	_, err := pullMessages(fc, subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub"}, defaultOptions())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "camera-specific complaint",
+		"pullMessages must enrich transport errors with the camera's SOAP fault")
+}
+
+func TestUnsubscribePullPoint_EnrichesTransportErrWithFaultReason(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueSendSoap(faultBody, errors.New("400 Bad Request"))
+	err := unsubscribePullPoint(fc, subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "camera-specific complaint",
+		"unsubscribePullPoint must enrich transport errors with the camera's SOAP fault")
+}
+
+// --- ReferenceParameters extraction (WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4) ---------
+//
+// AXIS encodes the subscription identity in <wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+// inside CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse rather than in the URL
+// itself. Subsequent PullMessages/Renew/Unsubscribe MUST echo those
+// elements verbatim into the SOAP Header, or the camera responds with
+// ter:InvalidArgs. The auto-generated event.ReferenceParametersType is
+// an empty struct (drops children), so we extract the raw inner XML.
+
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_AXISShape(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa5="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+      <wsa5:Address>http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services</wsa5:Address>
+      <wsa5:ReferenceParameters>
+        <dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>
+      </wsa5:ReferenceParameters>
+    </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := extractReferenceParameters(body)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "297")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event"`,
+		"namespace declaration on the SubscriptionId child must survive extraction")
+}
+
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_AbsentReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Geovision/Hikvision-style: Address only, no ReferenceParameters.
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+      <wsa:Address>http://camera/onvif/Events/Sub_1</wsa:Address>
+    </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	assert.Empty(t, extractReferenceParameters(body))
+}
+
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_EmptyBodyReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Empty(t, extractReferenceParameters(""))
+}
+
+// --- createPullPoint returns both address and ref params -------------
+
+func TestCreatePullPoint_ReturnsRefParamsAlongsideAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa5="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+      <wsa5:Address>http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services</wsa5:Address>
+      <wsa5:ReferenceParameters>
+        <dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>
+      </wsa5:ReferenceParameters>
+    </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(body, nil)
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(fc, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services", ref.Address)
+	assert.Contains(t, ref.RefParamsXML, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, ref.RefParamsXML, "297")
+}
+
+func TestCreatePullPoint_VendorWithoutRefParams_RefParamsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(fc, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, ref.Address)
+	assert.Empty(t, ref.RefParamsXML)
+}
+
+// --- Reference-parameter echoing in subscription-scoped calls --------
+//
+// WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4 requires each <wsa:ReferenceParameters> child
+// to be echoed as a SOAP Header block carrying wsa:IsReferenceParameter
+// ="true". AXIS rejects PullMessages with ter:InvalidArgs when this is
+// absent.
+
+func TestPullMessages_EchoesRefParamsWithIsReferenceParameterAttribute(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{
+		Address:      "http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services",
+		RefParamsXML: `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"><dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId></wsa:ReferenceParameters>`,
+	}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	_, err := pullMessages(fc, ref, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders, 1)
+	hdr := fc.sendSoapHeaders[0]
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "SubscriptionId", "ref param element must be echoed")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "297", "ref param value must be echoed")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`,
+		"WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4 requires the attribute on each echoed element")
+}
+
+func TestPullMessages_NoRefParams_HeaderEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/sub", RefParamsXML: ""}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	_, err := pullMessages(fc, ref, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders[0], "vendors without ref params get no extra header")
+}
+
+func TestPullMessages_PostsToAddressFromRef(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{Address: "http://camera/specific-sub-endpoint", RefParamsXML: ""}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	_, err := pullMessages(fc, ref, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, fc.sendSoapCalls)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://camera/specific-sub-endpoint", fc.sendSoapCalls[0][0])
+}
+
+// --- Building the header XML from raw ref params ----------------------
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_AddsIsReferenceParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">` +
+		`<dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>` +
+		`</wsa:ReferenceParameters>`
+	got, err := buildRefParamsHeader(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "297")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event"`,
+		"original namespace declaration must survive")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`)
+}
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_MultipleTopLevelChildren(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">` +
+		`<a:Foo xmlns:a="ns/a">1</a:Foo><b:Bar xmlns:b="ns/b">2</b:Bar>` +
+		`</wsa:ReferenceParameters>`
+	got, err := buildRefParamsHeader(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, strings.Count(got, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`),
+		"attribute must be added to every top-level child, not just the first")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "Foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "Bar")
+}
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_EmptyInputReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := buildRefParamsHeader("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+func TestUnsubscribePullPoint_EchoesRefParamsWithIsReferenceParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{
+		Address:      "http://192.168.1.10/onvif/services",
+		RefParamsXML: `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"><dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId></wsa:ReferenceParameters>`,
+	}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	require.NoError(t, unsubscribePullPoint(fc, ref))
+	require.Len(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders, 1)
+	hdr := fc.sendSoapHeaders[0]
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`)
+}
+
+func TestUnsubscribePullPoint_EmptyAddressIsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	require.NoError(t, unsubscribePullPoint(fc, subscriptionRef{}))
+	assert.Empty(t, fc.sendSoapCalls, "no SOAP call should happen when there is no subscription endpoint")
+}
+
+// End-to-end multi-child wiring through the production caller, not
+// just the unit-tested builder. Without the fix to addHeaderChildren
+// in Device.SendSoapWithHeader, the second child would silently
+// vanish from the wire envelope.
+func TestPullMessages_TwoRefParamsEachLandsOnTheWire(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := subscriptionRef{
+		Address: "http://camera/sub",
+		RefParamsXML: `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">` +
+			`<a:Foo xmlns:a="ns/a">1</a:Foo>` +
+			`<b:Bar xmlns:b="ns/b">2</b:Bar>` +
+			`</wsa:ReferenceParameters>`,
+	}
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	_, err := pullMessages(fc, ref, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, fc.sendSoapHeaders, 1)
+	hdr := fc.sendSoapHeaders[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, strings.Count(hdr, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`))
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "Foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, hdr, "Bar")
+}
+
+// A camera echoing our request in a fault response (some debug-mode
+// firmwares do) or a fault that includes the Security header verbatim
+// would otherwise leak the WS-Security Username/Password into operator
+// logs. The body excerpt must scrub the Security block before the
+// fault extractor and the excerpt fallback see it.
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_RedactsWSSESecurityBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Header><wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="x"><wsse:UsernameToken>
+    <wsse:Username>admin</wsse:Username>
+    <wsse:Password>hunter2</wsse:Password>
+  </wsse:UsernameToken></wsse:Security></env:Header>
+  <env:Body>plain text excerpt</env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("400"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "hunter2", "Password must never reach logs")
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "admin", "Username must never reach logs")
+	assert.Contains(t, got.Error(), "REDACTED", "redaction marker must remain visible")
+}
+
+// Same vendor pattern as the enrichSOAPErr case but reached via
+// unmarshalNode → extractSOAPFault on a 200 OK response carrying a
+// Fault. Diverging from enrichSOAPErr's fallback chain would mean
+// PullMessages reports "missing PullMessagesResponse element" instead
+// of the actionable ter:InvalidArgs.
+func TestExtractSOAPFault_FallsBackToSubcodeWhenReasonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
+  <env:Body><env:Fault>
+    <env:Code>
+      <env:Value>env:Sender</env:Value>
+      <env:Subcode><env:Value>ter:InvalidArgs</env:Value></env:Subcode>
+    </env:Code>
+    <env:Reason><env:Text xml:lang="en"/></env:Reason>
+  </env:Fault></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	assert.Equal(t, "ter:InvalidArgs", extractSOAPFault(body))
+}
+
+// WS-Addressing 1.0 Core §2.1 allows ReferenceParameters in any endpoint
+// reference (wsa:From, wsa:ReplyTo, wsa:FaultTo, ...). An unanchored
+// search would silently pick up the wrong one.
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_AnchoredToSubscriptionReference(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Header>
+    <wsa:ReplyTo>
+      <wsa:Address>http://anon</wsa:Address>
+      <wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+        <decoy:NotTheRealOne xmlns:decoy="urn:decoy">DO-NOT-PICK</decoy:NotTheRealOne>
+      </wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+    </wsa:ReplyTo>
+  </env:Header>
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+      <wsa:Address>http://camera/sub</wsa:Address>
+      <wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+        <dom0:SubscriptionId xmlns:dom0="http://www.axis.com/2009/event">297</dom0:SubscriptionId>
+      </wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+    </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := extractReferenceParameters(body)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "297")
+	assert.NotContains(t, got, "DO-NOT-PICK",
+		"ref params from wsa:ReplyTo must not leak through — only SubscriptionReference's children belong on PullMessages")
+}
+
+// When a vendor declares the namespace prefix on the parent
+// <ReferenceParameters> element rather than the child (legal XML, just
+// different from AXIS's shape), naïve inner-only extraction strips the
+// declaration and produces children with orphaned prefixes that fail
+// to round-trip. Inheritance must propagate ancestor xmlns onto each
+// child before serialisation.
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_InheritsParentXmlns(t *testing.T) {
+	parentScopedXmlns := `<wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:dom0="urn:vendor:axis">` +
+		`<dom0:SubscriptionId>297</dom0:SubscriptionId>` +
+		`</wsa:ReferenceParameters>`
+	got, err := buildRefParamsHeader(parentScopedXmlns)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got, "ReferenceParameters",
+		"the wrapping element must not appear in output — each param child is its own header block")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "SubscriptionId")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "297")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `xmlns:dom0="urn:vendor:axis"`,
+		"the dom0 prefix is undeclared on the child itself — it must be inherited from the parent so the standalone child stays valid XML")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `IsReferenceParameter="true"`)
+}
+
+// Pins the contract change: extractReferenceParameters returns the
+// full <ReferenceParameters> element (including its own attributes),
+// not just the inner content, so parent-scoped xmlns survives into
+// buildRefParamsHeader.
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_IncludesParentElementForXmlnsPreservation(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+      <wsa:Address>http://camera</wsa:Address>
+      <wsa:ReferenceParameters xmlns:dom0="urn:vendor:axis">
+        <dom0:SubscriptionId>297</dom0:SubscriptionId>
+      </wsa:ReferenceParameters>
+    </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	got := extractReferenceParameters(body)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "ReferenceParameters",
+		"extractor must include the wrapping element so parent-scoped xmlns survives")
+	assert.Contains(t, got, `xmlns:dom0="urn:vendor:axis"`)
+	assert.Contains(t, got, "SubscriptionId")
+}
+
+// --- Camera-granted TerminationTime -----------------------------------
+//
+// Cameras may grant a shorter subscription than we ask for. Scheduling
+// the next renew from opts.InitialTermination instead of what the
+// camera actually granted leads to expired subscriptions and the
+// recreate-recovery path firing unnecessarily.
+
+func TestCreatePullPoint_CapturesGrantedTermination(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:wsnt="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsn/b-2"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference><wsa:Address>http://camera/sub</wsa:Address></tev:SubscriptionReference>
+    <wsnt:CurrentTime>2026-05-27T13:19:11Z</wsnt:CurrentTime>
+    <wsnt:TerminationTime>2026-05-27T13:21:11Z</wsnt:TerminationTime>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(body, nil)
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(fc, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	expected, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2026-05-27T13:21:11Z")
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, ref.GrantedTermination)
+}
+
+func TestCreatePullPoint_NoTerminationTimeYieldsZeroTime(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+                      xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+                      xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference><wsa:Address>http://camera/sub</wsa:Address></tev:SubscriptionReference>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(body, nil)
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(fc, defaultOptions())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, ref.GrantedTermination.IsZero(),
+		"absent TerminationTime must yield zero so renew falls back to opts")
+}
+
+func TestNextRenewInterval_UsesGrantedTerminationMinusMargin(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 27, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	granted := now.Add(60 * time.Second)
+	opts := Options{InitialTermination: 60 * time.Second, RenewMargin: 10 * time.Second}
+	assert.Equal(t, 50*time.Second, nextRenewInterval(granted, opts, now))
+}
+
+func TestNextRenewInterval_FallsBackToInitialTerminationWhenGrantedZero(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 27, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	opts := Options{InitialTermination: 60 * time.Second, RenewMargin: 10 * time.Second}
+	assert.Equal(t, 50*time.Second, nextRenewInterval(time.Time{}, opts, now))
+}
+
+func TestNextRenewInterval_FloorsAtOneSecondIfAlreadyExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 27, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	granted := now.Add(-1 * time.Second) // camera says we're already expired
+	opts := Options{InitialTermination: 60 * time.Second, RenewMargin: 10 * time.Second}
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Second, nextRenewInterval(granted, opts, now),
+		"never sleep zero or negative — recreate-recovery handles the truly-dead case")
+}
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_MalformedXMLReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := buildRefParamsHeader("<not-closed")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_WhitespaceOnlyReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := buildRefParamsHeader("   \n\t ")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+// Worst case: the response body's <Security> block starts within the
+// 64 KiB error cap but its </Security> is past it. The non-greedy
+// regex needs a close tag — without one the redaction misses and
+// raw Username/Password reaches the excerpt. Verify the helper
+// strips from <Security to EOF when no close tag is present.
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_RedactsSecurityBlockMissingCloseTag(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="x"><env:Header>` +
+		`<wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="y">` +
+		`<wsse:Username>admin</wsse:Username>` +
+		`<wsse:Password>hunter2</wsse:Password>` +
+		// no </wsse:Security> — simulates a Security block truncated
+		// at the 64 KiB read cap.
+		strings.Repeat("padding ", 1000)
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("500"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "hunter2",
+		"truncated Security block must not leak Password to the excerpt")
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "admin",
+		"truncated Security block must not leak Username to the excerpt")
+}
+
+// The wrapper-only contract means an element whose local name merely
+// ends in "ReferenceParameters" cannot be mistaken for the wrapper —
+// the root must be exactly <*:ReferenceParameters>. Anything else is
+// a contract violation by the caller and surfaces as an error.
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_RejectsNonReferenceParametersRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := `<my:MyReferenceParameters xmlns:my="urn:vendor:my">X</my:MyReferenceParameters>`
+	_, err := buildRefParamsHeader(raw)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "ReferenceParameters")
+}
+
+// A non-conformant camera echoing UsernameToken/Password outside a
+// <Security> wrapper would still leak credentials through the body
+// excerpt. Belt-and-braces: redact Password elements directly too.
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_RedactsBarePasswordElement(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="x"><env:Body>` +
+		`<wsse:UsernameToken xmlns:wsse="y">` +
+		`<wsse:Username>admin</wsse:Username>` +
+		`<wsse:Password>hunter2</wsse:Password>` +
+		`</wsse:UsernameToken>` +
+		`</env:Body></env:Envelope>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("400"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "hunter2",
+		"Password must be redacted regardless of whether it's wrapped in Security")
+}
+
+// --- Edge-case coverage flagged in review -----------------------------
+
+func TestExtractTerminationTime_MalformedDateYieldsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Body><wsnt:TerminationTime>not-a-date</wsnt:TerminationTime></env:Body>`
+	assert.True(t, extractTerminationTime(body).IsZero(),
+		"unparseable datetime must not panic and must not return a garbage time — fall back to opts")
+}
+
+func TestNextRenewInterval_MarginEqualsBaseFallsToHalf(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 27, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	opts := Options{InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second, RenewMargin: 30 * time.Second}
+	got := nextRenewInterval(time.Time{}, opts, now)
+	assert.Equal(t, 15*time.Second, got,
+		"when margin == base, the helper must fall through to base/2 rather than the 1s floor")
+}
+
+func TestExtractReferenceParameters_EmptySubscriptionReferenceReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="x" xmlns:tev="y">
+  <env:Body><tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+    <tev:SubscriptionReference/>
+  </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse></env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+	assert.Empty(t, extractReferenceParameters(body))
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_RedactsTruncatedPasswordOutsideSecurity(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<env:Envelope xmlns:env="x"><env:Body>` +
+		`<wsse:UsernameToken xmlns:wsse="y">` +
+		`<wsse:Username>admin</wsse:Username>` +
+		`<wsse:Password>hunter2` // truncated — no </Password>, no </UsernameToken>, no </Envelope>
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("500"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "hunter2",
+		"Password without a closing tag (truncated at cap) must still be redacted")
+}
+
+func TestEnrichSOAPErr_RedactsMultipleSecurityBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `<E>` +
+		`<wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="y"><wsse:Password>secret1</wsse:Password></wsse:Security>` +
+		`<wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="y"><wsse:Password>secret2</wsse:Password></wsse:Security>` +
+		`</E>`
+	got := enrichSOAPErr(fakeResponse(body), errors.New("500"))
+	require.Error(t, got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "secret1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, got.Error(), "secret2",
+		"ReplaceAllString must catch every Security block, not just the first")
+}
+
+func TestBuildRefParamsHeader_RejectsNonReferenceParametersRoot_Table(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name, raw string
+	}{
+		{"vendor suffix", `<my:MyReferenceParameters xmlns:my="urn:x">X</my:MyReferenceParameters>`},
+		{"multi-root", `<a:Foo xmlns:a="ns/a"/><b:Bar xmlns:b="ns/b"/>`},
+		{"unrelated element", `<not-the-wrapper>content</not-the-wrapper>`},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := buildRefParamsHeader(c.raw)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}

event/stream/stream.go

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif"
+)
+
+// closeDrainTimeout bounds Close's wait for the pull and renew
+// goroutines to exit. The loops block in caller.SendSoap which is not
+// ctx-aware (the underlying http.Client is the only thing that can
+// unblock them — see caller below). On a hung HTTP transport Close
+// would otherwise wait forever; instead it returns an error and lets
+// the calling agent move on.
+const closeDrainTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// closeUnsubscribeTimeout bounds the Unsubscribe SOAP call issued by
+// Close. A subscription expires at the camera once InitialTermination
+// elapses without a renew, so a missed unsubscribe is at worst
+// cosmetic.
+const closeUnsubscribeTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// Options configures a Stream.
+//
+// Zero-value policy: every duration / int field treats zero as "use
+// the default". To opt out of reconnect set DisableReconnect=true
+// (ReconnectAfterFailures=0 would otherwise collide with the default
+// injection). For unbuffered Events / Errors channels set
+// BufferSize=-1.
+type Options struct {
+	DeviceID string
+	// RawTopicFilter is the ONVIF ConcreteSet TopicExpression filter
+	// passed verbatim to CreatePullPointSubscription. Callers should
+	// normally leave this empty and rely on Classify for routing —
+	// server-side filtering is fragile across vendors and empty is
+	// required for AXIS.
+	RawTopicFilter string
+	// PullTimeout — zero means default (5s). The device's
+	// http.Client.Timeout must exceed this by minClientHeadroom or
+	// NewStream returns ErrInvalidOptions.
+	PullTimeout time.Duration
+	// MessageLimit — zero means default (32). Busy AXIS cameras with
+	// many configured rules can burst beyond 10 per pull.
+	MessageLimit int
+	// InitialTermination — zero means default (60s).
+	InitialTermination time.Duration
+	// RenewMargin — larger margins tolerate slower networks at the
+	// cost of more renew calls. Zero means default (10s).
+	RenewMargin time.Duration
+	// ReconnectAfterFailures — pull-points die for many reasons
+	// (camera reboot, subscription GC after a renew miss, NAT
+	// timeout); rebuilding the subscription is the only reliable
+	// recovery. Zero means default (3). Set DisableReconnect=true
+	// to disable.
+	ReconnectAfterFailures int
+	// DisableReconnect makes the pull loop retry against the
+	// original endpoint until ctx is cancelled.
+	DisableReconnect bool
+	// RetryBackoff is the base sleep between pull/recreate failures.
+	// Recreate failures double this up to maxRecreateBackoff. Zero
+	// means default (1s).
+	RetryBackoff time.Duration
+	// BufferSize — zero means default (16); use -1 for unbuffered.
+	BufferSize int
+}
+
+func defaultOptions() Options {
+	return Options{
+		PullTimeout:            5 * time.Second,
+		MessageLimit:           32,
+		InitialTermination:     60 * time.Second,
+		RenewMargin:            10 * time.Second,
+		ReconnectAfterFailures: 3,
+		RetryBackoff:           time.Second,
+		BufferSize:             16,
+	}
+}
+
+func (o Options) withDefaults() Options {
+	d := defaultOptions()
+	if o.PullTimeout > 0 {
+		d.PullTimeout = o.PullTimeout
+	}
+	if o.MessageLimit > 0 {
+		d.MessageLimit = o.MessageLimit
+	}
+	if o.InitialTermination > 0 {
+		d.InitialTermination = o.InitialTermination
+	}
+	if o.RenewMargin > 0 {
+		d.RenewMargin = o.RenewMargin
+	}
+	if o.ReconnectAfterFailures > 0 {
+		d.ReconnectAfterFailures = o.ReconnectAfterFailures
+	}
+	if o.RetryBackoff > 0 {
+		d.RetryBackoff = o.RetryBackoff
+	}
+	switch {
+	case o.BufferSize > 0:
+		d.BufferSize = o.BufferSize
+	case o.BufferSize < 0:
+		d.BufferSize = 0
+	}
+	d.DeviceID = o.DeviceID
+	d.RawTopicFilter = o.RawTopicFilter
+	d.DisableReconnect = o.DisableReconnect
+	return d
+}
+
+// subscriptionRef holds the result of CreatePullPointSubscription.
+// AXIS encodes the subscription identity in RefParamsXML (a generic
+// /onvif/services Address plus a <wsa:ReferenceParameters> child);
+// other vendors put the identity in the Address itself, leaving
+// RefParamsXML empty. Subscription-scoped requests must echo a
+// non-empty RefParamsXML — see extractReferenceParameters.
+//
+// GrantedTermination is the absolute time the camera says the
+// subscription will expire if not renewed. May be less than
+// requested; renewLoop schedules from this rather than opts.
+type subscriptionRef struct {
+	Address            string
+	RefParamsXML       string
+	GrantedTermination time.Time
+}
+
+// caller is the *onvif.Device subset Stream depends on. Implementations
+// must:
+//
+//   - Be safe for concurrent use — pull and renew goroutines call in
+//     from separate goroutines. *onvif.Device satisfies this via
+//     http.Client.
+//   - Enforce a per-request timeout via the underlying HTTP client.
+//     The methods do not take a ctx, so ctx-cancel cannot interrupt a
+//     hung request; only the HTTP client's own timeout can. Close
+//     bounds its drain wait at closeDrainTimeout to survive a misbehaving
+//     caller, but a leaking goroutine remains until the HTTP call
+//     eventually returns.
+type caller interface {
+	CallMethod(method any) (*http.Response, error)
+	SendSoap(endpoint, body string) (*http.Response, error)
+	SendSoapWithHeader(endpoint, body, headerXML string) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
+type deviceCaller struct{ dev *onvif.Device }
+
+func (d deviceCaller) CallMethod(m any) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return d.dev.CallMethod(m)
+}
+
+func (d deviceCaller) SendSoap(endpoint, body string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return d.dev.SendSoap(endpoint, body)
+}
+
+func (d deviceCaller) SendSoapWithHeader(endpoint, body, headerXML string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return d.dev.SendSoapWithHeader(endpoint, body, headerXML)
+}
+
+// Stream owns a single ONVIF pull-point subscription. Safe for Close
+// from any goroutine while readers consume Events / Errors. Close is
+// idempotent.
+type Stream struct {
+	caller caller
+	opts   Options
+
+	pullPointMu sync.Mutex // guards pullPoint and gen
+	pullPoint   subscriptionRef
+	gen         uint64 // bumped on every setPullPoint so renews detect mid-flight recreate
+
+	events chan Event
+	errors chan error
+
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	done   chan struct{}
+
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+	closeErr  error
+
+	// now is overridable so tests can make timestamps deterministic.
+	now func() time.Time
+}
+
+func (s *Stream) getPullPoint() subscriptionRef {
+	s.pullPointMu.Lock()
+	defer s.pullPointMu.Unlock()
+	return s.pullPoint
+}
+
+func (s *Stream) setPullPoint(ref subscriptionRef) {
+	s.pullPointMu.Lock()
+	defer s.pullPointMu.Unlock()
+	s.pullPoint = ref
+	s.gen++
+}
+
+// pullPointGen returns the current generation. Pair with
+// updateGrantedTerminationIfGen so a renew result issued against a
+// subscription that was rotated mid-flight (recreate path) is
+// discarded instead of overwriting the new subscription's grant.
+func (s *Stream) pullPointGen() uint64 {
+	s.pullPointMu.Lock()
+	defer s.pullPointMu.Unlock()
+	return s.gen
+}
+
+// snapshotPullPoint reads ref + gen under one lock so a concurrent
+// setPullPoint can't slip in between two separate accessor calls and
+// leave the caller with mismatched halves.
+func (s *Stream) snapshotPullPoint() (subscriptionRef, uint64) {
+	s.pullPointMu.Lock()
+	defer s.pullPointMu.Unlock()
+	return s.pullPoint, s.gen
+}
+
+// updateGrantedTerminationIfGen writes the granted time only when the
+// caller's snapshot is still current. Use setPullPoint to replace the
+// full ref; this updates GrantedTermination in place after a renew
+// response. Intentionally does not bump gen — that would defeat the
+// rotation-detection it implements.
+func (s *Stream) updateGrantedTerminationIfGen(gen uint64, t time.Time) {
+	s.pullPointMu.Lock()
+	defer s.pullPointMu.Unlock()
+	if s.gen != gen {
+		return
+	}
+	s.pullPoint.GrantedTermination = t
+}
+
+// NewStream creates a Stream and performs CreatePullPointSubscription
+// synchronously so connectivity and authentication failures surface
+// from NewStream rather than landing on Errors later.
+//
+// The returned Stream stops when ctx is cancelled or Close is called.
+func NewStream(ctx context.Context, dev *onvif.Device, opts Options) (*Stream, error) {
+	// Checked before the subscription call: this config can only fail,
+	// so surfacing it here beats a stream that appears to work and
+	// silently survives on reconnects alone.
+	if err := validateClientTimeout(clientTimeoutOf(dev), opts.withDefaults().PullTimeout); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newStream(ctx, deviceCaller{dev: dev}, opts)
+}
+
+func newStream(ctx context.Context, c caller, opts Options) (*Stream, error) {
+	opts = opts.withDefaults()
+	ref, err := createPullPoint(c, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create pull point subscription: %w", err)
+	}
+	runCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	s := &Stream{
+		caller:    c,
+		opts:      opts,
+		pullPoint: ref,
+		events:    make(chan Event, opts.BufferSize),
+		errors:    make(chan error, opts.BufferSize),
+		cancel:    cancel,
+		done:      make(chan struct{}),
+		now:       time.Now,
+	}
+	go s.run(runCtx)
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// Events returns the channel of decoded notifications. Closed when
+// the Stream stops.
+func (s *Stream) Events() <-chan Event { return s.events }
+
+// Errors returns the channel of non-fatal errors. Sends are
+// non-blocking; consumers that fall behind drop older errors. Closed
+// when the Stream stops.
+func (s *Stream) Errors() <-chan error { return s.errors }
+
+// Close stops the background goroutines, waits up to closeDrainTimeout
+// for them to exit, and then Unsubscribes from the camera (also bounded,
+// by closeUnsubscribeTimeout). Subsequent calls are no-ops.
+//
+// If the drain times out the goroutines are likely wedged inside a
+// non-ctx-aware caller.SendSoap; they will exit on their own once the
+// HTTP call returns. Unsubscribe is skipped in that case — the
+// subscription expires at the camera anyway.
+func (s *Stream) Close() error {
+	s.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.cancel()
+
+		select {
+		case <-s.done:
+		case <-time.After(closeDrainTimeout):
+			s.closeErr = fmt.Errorf("close: pull/renew loops did not drain within %s (likely stuck in caller HTTP)", closeDrainTimeout)
+			return
+		}
+
+		errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			errCh <- unsubscribePullPoint(s.caller, s.getPullPoint())
+		}()
+		select {
+		case err := <-errCh:
+			if err != nil {
+				s.closeErr = fmt.Errorf("unsubscribe pull point: %w", err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(closeUnsubscribeTimeout):
+			s.closeErr = fmt.Errorf("unsubscribe pull point: timeout after %s", closeUnsubscribeTimeout)
+		}
+	})
+	return s.closeErr
+}
+
+func (s *Stream) run(ctx context.Context) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		s.renewLoop(ctx)
+	}()
+	s.pullLoop(ctx)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Explicit close order after both goroutines have exited so a
+	// future maintainer extending this function does not rely on
+	// defer-ordering for channel-close safety.
+	close(s.errors)
+	close(s.events)
+	close(s.done)
+}
+
+func (s *Stream) surfaceError(err error) {
+	select {
+	case s.errors <- err:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+// sleepCtx returns false if ctx was cancelled, true if d elapsed.
+func sleepCtx(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) bool {
+	t := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer t.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-t.C:
+		return true
+	}
+}

event/stream/stream_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// --- fakeCaller --------------------------------------------------------
+
+// fakeCaller is a test double for the caller interface. Each method
+// returns the next queued response; when the queue is exhausted it falls
+// back to a default response so the indefinite pull loop does not
+// require tests to enumerate every call.
+//
+// blockUnsubscribe, when non-nil, causes SendSoap calls whose body
+// contains "Unsubscribe" to block until the channel is closed.
+// blockAllSendSoap, when non-nil, blocks every SendSoap call until
+// closed (simulates a hung HTTP transport).
+type fakeCaller struct {
+	mu               sync.Mutex
+	callMethodResps  []fakeResp
+	sendSoapResps    []fakeResp
+	defaultSendSoap  fakeResp
+	defaultCall      fakeResp
+	callMethodCalls  []any
+	sendSoapCalls    [][2]string
+	sendSoapHeaders  []string
+	blockUnsubscribe chan struct{}
+	blockAllSendSoap chan struct{}
+}
+
+type fakeResp struct {
+	body string
+	err  error
+}
+
+func newFakeCaller() *fakeCaller {
+	return &fakeCaller{
+		// Default: indefinite empty pulls, indefinite OK unsubscribes.
+		defaultSendSoap: fakeResp{body: pullMessagesResp()},
+		defaultCall:     fakeResp{err: errors.New("fakeCaller: no default CallMethod response")},
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCaller) queueCallMethod(body string, err error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.callMethodResps = append(f.callMethodResps, fakeResp{body: body, err: err})
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCaller) queueSendSoap(body string, err error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.sendSoapResps = append(f.sendSoapResps, fakeResp{body: body, err: err})
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCaller) CallMethod(m any) (*http.Response, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.callMethodCalls = append(f.callMethodCalls, m)
+	r := f.defaultCall
+	if len(f.callMethodResps) > 0 {
+		r = f.callMethodResps[0]
+		f.callMethodResps = f.callMethodResps[1:]
+	}
+	// Mirror networking.SendSoap*: a 4xx/5xx returns body alongside
+	// err. Tests opt into that shape by queueing body + err together.
+	if r.err != nil && r.body == "" {
+		return nil, r.err
+	}
+	return &http.Response{Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(r.body))}, r.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCaller) SendSoap(endpoint, body string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	f.sendSoapCalls = append(f.sendSoapCalls, [2]string{endpoint, body})
+	r := f.defaultSendSoap
+	if len(f.sendSoapResps) > 0 {
+		r = f.sendSoapResps[0]
+		f.sendSoapResps = f.sendSoapResps[1:]
+	}
+	block := f.blockUnsubscribe
+	blockAll := f.blockAllSendSoap
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockAll != nil {
+		<-blockAll
+	}
+	if block != nil && strings.Contains(body, "Unsubscribe") {
+		<-block
+	}
+
+	if r.err != nil && r.body == "" {
+		return nil, r.err
+	}
+	return &http.Response{Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(r.body))}, r.err
+}
+
+// SendSoapWithHeader delegates body+endpoint recording to SendSoap so
+// existing assertions on sendSoapCalls keep working, and records the
+// header XML in a parallel slice for ref-params wiring tests.
+func (f *fakeCaller) SendSoapWithHeader(endpoint, body, headerXML string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	f.sendSoapHeaders = append(f.sendSoapHeaders, headerXML)
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+	return f.SendSoap(endpoint, body)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCaller) sendSoapCallCount() int {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(f.sendSoapCalls)
+}
+
+// --- fixture SOAP envelopes -------------------------------------------
+
+// createPullPointResp is the minimal SOAP envelope the lib's existing
+// xml.Decoder + getXMLNode path can extract a pull-point address from.
+// Intentionally omits <TerminationTime> so renewLoop falls back to
+// opts.InitialTermination — tests that drive renew timing depend on
+// that path. Tests that need the camera-granted termination capture
+// path use a dedicated fixture instead.
+const createPullPointResp = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+              xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing"
+              xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl">
+  <env:Body>
+    <tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+      <tev:SubscriptionReference>
+        <wsa:Address>http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_1</wsa:Address>
+      </tev:SubscriptionReference>
+    </tev:CreatePullPointSubscriptionResponse>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+
+func pullMessagesResp(messages ...string) string {
+	return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+              xmlns:tev="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/events/wsdl"
+              xmlns:wsnt="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsn/b-2"
+              xmlns:tt="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/schema">
+  <env:Body>
+    <tev:PullMessagesResponse>
+      <tev:CurrentTime>2026-05-21T10:30:05Z</tev:CurrentTime>
+      <tev:TerminationTime>2026-05-21T10:31:05Z</tev:TerminationTime>
+      ` + strings.Join(messages, "\n") + `
+    </tev:PullMessagesResponse>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+}
+
+func motionMsg(value string) string {
+	return `<wsnt:NotificationMessage>
+  <wsnt:Topic Dialect="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/tev/topicExpression/ConcreteSet">tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion</wsnt:Topic>
+  <wsnt:Message>
+    <tt:Message PropertyOperation="Changed" UtcTime="2026-05-21T10:30:00Z">
+      <tt:Source>
+        <tt:SimpleItem Name="VideoSourceConfigurationToken" Value="VSC0"/>
+      </tt:Source>
+      <tt:Data>
+        <tt:SimpleItem Name="IsMotion" Value="` + value + `"/>
+      </tt:Data>
+    </tt:Message>
+  </wsnt:Message>
+</wsnt:NotificationMessage>`
+}
+
+const unsubscribeResp = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
+              xmlns:wsnt="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsn/b-2">
+  <env:Body>
+    <wsnt:UnsubscribeResponse/>
+  </env:Body>
+</env:Envelope>`
+
+// --- helpers -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+// receive waits up to d for an event on ch, failing the test if none
+// arrives.
+func receive(t *testing.T, ch <-chan Event, d time.Duration) Event {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case ev, ok := <-ch:
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("event channel closed before receiving")
+		}
+		return ev
+	case <-time.After(d):
+		t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for event after %s", d)
+	}
+	return Event{} // unreachable
+}
+
+// --- tests -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestNewStream_CreatesPullPointAtConstruction(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	// Queue an empty pull so the run loop can spin without exploding.
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+	require.NoError(t, s.Close())
+
+	// CreatePullPointSubscription was called exactly once.
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	require.Len(t, fc.callMethodCalls, 1, "expected one CallMethod call (CreatePullPointSubscription)")
+}
+
+func TestStream_DeliversDecodedEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(motionMsg("true")), nil)
+	// Provide subsequent empty pulls so the loop doesn't starve before Close.
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	ev := receive(t, s.Events(), 2*time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, ev.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cam-1", ev.DeviceID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion", ev.Topic)
+	assert.Equal(t, "VSC0", ev.Source["VideoSourceConfigurationToken"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", ev.Data["IsMotion"])
+}
+
+func TestStream_PullsAgainstSubscriptionAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Wait until at least one pull happened, then close.
+	for i := 0; i < 50 && fc.sendSoapCallCount() == 0; i++ {
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.Close())
+
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, fc.sendSoapCalls, "expected at least one PullMessages SendSoap call")
+	endpoint := fc.sendSoapCalls[0][0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_1", endpoint,
+		"PullMessages must target the SubscriptionReference Address returned by CreatePullPoint")
+	// Last call (Close) should target the same endpoint with an Unsubscribe body.
+	last := fc.sendSoapCalls[len(fc.sendSoapCalls)-1]
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://camera.local/onvif/Events/PullSub_1", last[0])
+	assert.Contains(t, last[1], "Unsubscribe")
+}
+
+func TestNewStream_ReturnsErrorWhenCreatePullPointFails(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod("", errors.New("network down"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, s)
+}
+
+func TestStream_ClosedContextStopsRunLoop(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	// Many empty pulls so the loop is hot when we cancel.
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	}
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Wait for at least one pull.
+	for i := 0; i < 50 && fc.sendSoapCallCount() == 0; i++ {
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	cancel()
+
+	// Close should still complete cleanly; the goroutine must drain.
+	require.NoError(t, s.Close())
+
+	// Events channel must close so consumers can range-loop safely.
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-s.Events():
+		assert.False(t, ok, "Events channel should be closed after Close()")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Events channel was not closed within 1s")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStream_PullErrorSurfacedOnErrorsChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap("", errors.New("transient pull failure"))
+	// Then a clean pull so the loop keeps running.
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(motionMsg("true")), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case e := <-s.Errors():
+		assert.Contains(t, e.Error(), "transient pull failure")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected an error on the Errors channel")
+	}
+	// After the transient failure the loop continued and decoded.
+	ev := receive(t, s.Events(), 2*time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, ev.Kind)
+}
+
+func TestStream_OptionsApplyDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	o := defaultOptions()
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, o.PullTimeout)
+	assert.Equal(t, 32, o.MessageLimit)
+	assert.Equal(t, 60*time.Second, o.InitialTermination)
+	assert.Equal(t, 16, o.BufferSize)
+}
+
+func TestStream_DoesNotPanicOnPullExitingDuringClose(t *testing.T) {
+	// Regression guard: Close should not race with the run goroutine
+	// in a way that double-closes the events/errors channels.
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		fc.queueSendSoap(pullMessagesResp(), nil)
+	}
+	fc.queueSendSoap(unsubscribeResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{DeviceID: "cam-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		require.NoError(t, s.Close())
+		// Double-close should be a no-op, not a panic.
+		_ = s.Close()
+	})
+}
+
+// --- Close error / timeout paths -------------------------------------
+
+func TestClose_ReturnsUnsubscribeError(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.defaultSendSoap = fakeResp{err: errors.New("simulated transport failure")}
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = s.Close()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unsubscribe pull point")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "simulated transport failure")
+}
+
+func TestClose_BoundedByTimeoutOnHungUnsubscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	block := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(block) // release the hung Unsubscribe so the fake's goroutine exits
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.blockUnsubscribe = block
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	err = s.Close()
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "timeout")
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, closeUnsubscribeTimeout+time.Second,
+		"Close exceeded bound (%s); expected ~%s", elapsed, closeUnsubscribeTimeout)
+}
+
+// --- NewStream edge cases --------------------------------------------
+
+func TestNewStream_CtxAlreadyCancelled(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel() // cancel before NewStream
+
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-s.Events():
+		assert.False(t, ok, "events channel should be closed when ctx is pre-cancelled")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("events channel was not closed within 1s")
+	}
+	_ = s.Close()
+}
+
+// --- fakeCaller self-test --------------------------------------------
+
+func TestFakeCaller_QueueThenDefaultFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueSendSoap("first", nil)
+	fc.queueSendSoap("second", nil)
+
+	r1, err := fc.SendSoap("ep", "body")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b1 := make([]byte, 10)
+	n, _ := r1.Body.Read(b1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first", string(b1[:n]))
+
+	r2, _ := fc.SendSoap("ep", "body")
+	b2 := make([]byte, 10)
+	n, _ = r2.Body.Read(b2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "second", string(b2[:n]))
+
+	// Queue is exhausted; default kicks in.
+	r3, err := fc.SendSoap("ep", "body")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, r3)
+	b3 := make([]byte, 2048)
+	n, _ = r3.Body.Read(b3)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(b3[:n]), "PullMessagesResponse",
+		"default SendSoap should be an empty PullMessagesResponse envelope")
+}
+
+func TestClose_BoundedWhenLoopsStuckOnHungHTTP(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulates a hung HTTP transport: every SendSoap blocks
+	// indefinitely. The pull and renew loops are wedged inside
+	// SendSoap and ctx-cancel cannot unblock them. Close must still
+	// return within its bounded budget so the agent's shutdown does
+	// not hang.
+	fc := newFakeCaller()
+	fc.queueCallMethod(createPullPointResp, nil)
+	blockAll := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(blockAll)
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	fc.blockAllSendSoap = blockAll
+	fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	s, err := newStream(ctx, fc, Options{
+		PullTimeout:        100 * time.Millisecond,
+		InitialTermination: 30 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Wait until pullLoop is actually parked inside the blocked
+	// SendSoap. Without this, Close races with the loop's first
+	// iteration and exits via the ctx pre-check instead of
+	// exercising the drain-timeout path.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) && fc.sendSoapCallCount() == 0 {
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, fc.sendSoapCallCount(), 1, "pullLoop never reached SendSoap")
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	err = s.Close()
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "drain", "expected a drain-timeout error")
+	// Total budget is closeDrainTimeout for the wait + ~0 for unsubscribe
+	// (which is skipped when drain times out). Give plenty of slack for
+	// scheduling on a loaded CI machine.
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, closeDrainTimeout+2*time.Second,
+		"Close exceeded bound (%s); expected ~%s", elapsed, closeDrainTimeout)
+}

event/stream/topics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package stream
+
+import "strings"
+
+// Classify maps an ONVIF topic string to the normalized Kind. Returns
+// KindUnknown when no rule matches.
+//
+// The classifier strips XML-namespace prefixes from each "/"-separated
+// segment so it is robust to vendor namespaces (tns1:, tnsaxis:,
+// tnssamsung:, ...). Matching is case-sensitive — ONVIF topics are
+// case-sensitive per the spec.
+//
+// Sources cross-checked when building the rule set below:
+//   - ONVIF Topic Namespace XML
+//     https://www.onvif.org/onvif/ver10/topics/topicns.xml
+//   - ONVIF Analytics Service Spec
+//     https://www.onvif.org/specs/srv/analytics/ONVIF-VideoAnalytics-Service-Spec-v220.pdf
+//   - ONVIF Device IO Service Spec
+//     https://www.onvif.org/specs/srv/io/ONVIF-DeviceIo-Service-Spec.pdf
+//   - openvideolibs/onvif-parsers (Apache-2.0) — empirical topic table
+//     extracted from Home Assistant
+//     https://github.com/openvideolibs/onvif-parsers
+func Classify(topic string) Kind {
+	if topic == "" {
+		return KindUnknown
+	}
+	canonical := canonicalizeTopic(topic)
+	for _, rule := range topicRules {
+		if strings.Contains(canonical, rule.needle) {
+			return rule.kind
+		}
+	}
+	return KindUnknown
+}
+
+// canonicalizeTopic strips the XML-namespace prefix from each
+// "/"-separated segment, collapsing Avigilon's per-segment-prefixed
+// form ("tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:Relay") and the plain form
+// ("tns1:Device/Trigger/Relay") to the same matchable path.
+func canonicalizeTopic(topic string) string {
+	segments := strings.Split(topic, "/")
+	for i, seg := range segments {
+		if idx := strings.Index(seg, ":"); idx >= 0 {
+			segments[i] = seg[idx+1:]
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(segments, "/")
+}
+
+// topicRules is evaluated in order — first match wins. Keep more
+// specific rules ahead of broader ones. LineDetector/Crossed is
+// edge-triggered (no boolean State); the decoder leaves State as
+// StateUnknown for it.
+var topicRules = []struct {
+	needle string
+	kind   Kind
+}{
+	// tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm — Profile S basic motion.
+	// https://www.onvif.org/ver10/topics/topicns.xml
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/network-video/event-and-action-services/
+	{"VideoSource/MotionAlarm", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:VideoAnalytics/MotionAlarm — Bosch publishes motion under
+	// VideoAnalytics rather than VideoSource.
+	// https://media.boschsecurity.com/fs/media/pb/media/partners_1/integration_tools_1/developer/bosch-metadata-and-iva-events.pdf
+	{"VideoAnalytics/MotionAlarm", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:MotionDetection — Hanwha vendor.
+	// https://github.com/home-assistant/core/issues/66493
+	{"VideoAnalytics/MotionDetection", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion — ONVIF Analytics
+	// standard cell-motion rule.
+	// ONVIF-VideoAnalytics-Service-Spec-v220.pdf §5.3
+	// https://www.hikvisioneurope.com/eu/portal/portal/Technical%20Materials/24%20How%20To/CCTV/How%20to%20solve%20third%20party%20camera%20motion%20detection%20issue.pdf
+	{"CellMotionDetector/Motion", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:RuleEngine/MotionRegionDetector/Motion — AXIS region rule.
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/network-video/event-and-action-services/
+	{"MotionRegionDetector/Motion", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:RuleEngine/tnsaxis:VMD3/vmd3_video_<N> — AXIS VMD 3, the
+	// firmware-builtin predecessor of the VMD 4 ACAP. It lives under
+	// RuleEngine, not CameraApplicationPlatform, so the VMD rule below
+	// does not cover it. Still shipping on deployed cameras.
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/network-video/event-and-action-services/
+	{"RuleEngine/VMD3/", KindMotion},
+
+	// AXIS ACAP motion apps with Camera<N>Profile<ID> suffixes. VMD 4 is
+	// the stock app shipped on the camera; the Guard suite are the
+	// paid analytics products. Prefix-match because of the suffix.
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/applications/vmd4
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/applications/motion-guard
+	{"CameraApplicationPlatform/VMD/", KindMotion},
+	{"CameraApplicationPlatform/MotionGuard/", KindMotion},
+	{"CameraApplicationPlatform/FenceGuard/", KindMotion},
+	{"CameraApplicationPlatform/LoiteringGuard/", KindMotion},
+
+	// tns1:RuleEngine/TamperDetector/Tamper — standard ONVIF tamper rule.
+	// ONVIF-VideoAnalytics-Service-Spec-v220.pdf §5.5
+	{"TamperDetector/Tamper", KindTampering},
+
+	// tns1:VideoSource/GlobalSceneChange/ImagingService — the proper
+	// lens-cover signal on firmwares without TamperDetector.
+	// https://www.onvif.org/ver10/topics/topicns.xml
+	{"GlobalSceneChange", KindTampering},
+
+	// tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:TamperingDetection — Hanwha.
+	// https://github.com/home-assistant/core/issues/66493
+	{"VideoAnalytics/TamperingDetection", KindTampering},
+
+	// VideoSource/ImageToo* — imaging-quality alarms. See KindImageQuality
+	// for the rationale on splitting these out from KindTampering.
+	// https://www.onvif.org/ver10/topics/topicns.xml
+	{"VideoSource/ImageTooDark", KindImageQuality},
+	{"VideoSource/ImageTooBright", KindImageQuality},
+	{"VideoSource/ImageTooBlurry", KindImageQuality},
+
+	// tns1:Device/Trigger/DigitalInput — standard. Avigilon's per-segment-
+	// prefixed serialisation ("tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:DigitalInput")
+	// folds to the same canonical path.
+	// ONVIF-DeviceIo-Service-Spec.pdf §5.2
+	{"Trigger/DigitalInput", KindDigitalInput},
+	// ONVIF-DeviceIo-Service-Spec.pdf §5.3
+	{"Trigger/Relay", KindDigitalOutput},
+
+	// tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario<N>
+	// — Scenario suffixes are numeric per AOA configuration. Prefix-match
+	// because of the dynamic suffix.
+	// https://developer.axis.com/analytics/axis-object-analytics/how-to-guides/axis-object-analytics-counting-data/
+	{"ObjectAnalytics/", KindObjectDetected},
+
+	// ONVIF-VideoAnalytics-Service-Spec-v220.pdf §5.4
+	{"LineDetector/Crossed", KindObjectDetected},
+	{"FieldDetector/ObjectsInside", KindObjectDetected},
+
+	// tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/<RuleName> — vendor rules under the
+	// ONVIF MyRuleDetector container. Explicitly whitelisted because the
+	// same container also carries non-object rules (Bosch Counter,
+	// Occupancy) that must not classify as ObjectDetected.
+	// https://media.boschsecurity.com/fs/media/pb/media/partners_1/integration_tools_1/developer/bosch-metadata-and-iva-events.pdf
+	{"MyRuleDetector/HumanDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+	{"MyRuleDetector/VehicleDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+	{"MyRuleDetector/PeopleDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+	{"MyRuleDetector/ObjectsInside", KindObjectDetected},
+	{"MyRuleDetector/FaceDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+
+	{"Audio/DetectedSound", KindAudioAlarm},
+	// https://developer.axis.com/vapix/network-video/event-and-action-services/
+	{"AudioSource/TriggerLevel", KindAudioAlarm},
+	{"AudioAnalytics/SoundDetection", KindAudioAlarm},
+}

event/stream/topics_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestClassifyTopic(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		topic string
+		want  Kind
+	}{
+		// --- Motion -----------------------------------------------------
+
+		{"video_source_motion_alarm", "tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", KindMotion},
+		{"cell_motion_detector", "tns1:RuleEngine/CellMotionDetector/Motion", KindMotion},
+		{"motion_region_detector", "tns1:RuleEngine/MotionRegionDetector/Motion", KindMotion},
+		{"bosch_video_analytics_motion", "tns1:VideoAnalytics/MotionAlarm", KindMotion},
+		{"hanwha_samsung_motion", "tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:MotionDetection", KindMotion},
+
+		// AXIS Guard suite — vendor analytics apps.
+		{"axis_motion_guard", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/MotionGuard/Camera1ProfileANY", KindMotion},
+		{"axis_fence_guard", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/FenceGuard/Camera1ProfileANY", KindMotion},
+		{"axis_loitering_guard", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/LoiteringGuard/Camera1ProfileANY", KindMotion},
+
+		// AXIS VMD 4 — the stock motion app, and the one an installer
+		// reaches for before any Guard product. The profile suffix
+		// varies with the configured VMD profile.
+		{"axis_vmd4_profile_any", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/VMD/Camera1ProfileANY", KindMotion},
+		{"axis_vmd4_profile_numbered", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/VMD/Camera1Profile1", KindMotion},
+
+		// AXIS VMD 3 — the firmware-builtin predecessor, published under
+		// RuleEngine rather than CameraApplicationPlatform. Still
+		// shipping on deployed cameras.
+		{"axis_vmd3_video_1", "tns1:RuleEngine/tnsaxis:VMD3/vmd3_video_1", KindMotion},
+		{"axis_vmd3_video_2", "tns1:RuleEngine/tnsaxis:VMD3/vmd3_video_2", KindMotion},
+
+		// --- Tampering --------------------------------------------------
+
+		{"tamper_detector", "tns1:RuleEngine/TamperDetector/Tamper", KindTampering},
+		{"global_scene_change", "tns1:VideoSource/GlobalSceneChange/ImagingService", KindTampering},
+		{"hanwha_tampering", "tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:TamperingDetection", KindTampering},
+
+		// --- Image quality (separated from Tampering) ------------------
+
+		{"image_too_dark", "tns1:VideoSource/ImageTooDark/ImagingService", KindImageQuality},
+		{"image_too_bright", "tns1:VideoSource/ImageTooBright/ImagingService", KindImageQuality},
+		{"image_too_blurry", "tns1:VideoSource/ImageTooBlurry/ImagingService", KindImageQuality},
+
+		// --- Digital input ---------------------------------------------
+
+		{"digital_input", "tns1:Device/Trigger/DigitalInput", KindDigitalInput},
+		{"digital_input_avigilon", "tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:DigitalInput", KindDigitalInput},
+
+		// --- Digital output --------------------------------------------
+
+		{"relay", "tns1:Device/Trigger/Relay", KindDigitalOutput},
+		{"relay_avigilon", "tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:Relay", KindDigitalOutput},
+
+		// --- Object analytics ------------------------------------------
+
+		// AXIS Object Analytics uses numeric scenario suffixes.
+		{"axis_object_analytics_scenario_1", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario1", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"axis_object_analytics_scenario_2", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario2", KindObjectDetected},
+
+		// Standard rule-engine analytics topics.
+		{"line_detector_crossed", "tns1:RuleEngine/LineDetector/Crossed", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"field_detector_objects_inside", "tns1:RuleEngine/FieldDetector/ObjectsInside", KindObjectDetected},
+
+		// Whitelisted MyRuleDetector sub-rules.
+		{"my_rule_detector_human", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/HumanDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"my_rule_detector_vehicle", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/VehicleDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"my_rule_detector_people", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/PeopleDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"my_rule_detector_face", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/FaceDetect", KindObjectDetected},
+		{"my_rule_detector_objects_inside", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/ObjectsInside", KindObjectDetected},
+
+		// --- Audio -----------------------------------------------------
+
+		{"audio_detected_sound", "tns1:AudioAnalytics/Audio/DetectedSound", KindAudioAlarm},
+		{"axis_audio_trigger_level", "tns1:AudioSource/tnsaxis:TriggerLevel", KindAudioAlarm},
+		{"hanwha_sound_detection", "tns1:AudioAnalytics/tnssamsung:SoundDetection", KindAudioAlarm},
+
+		// --- Negative cases --------------------------------------------
+
+		{"empty", "", KindUnknown},
+		{"unknown_topic", "tns1:UserAlarm/IVA", KindUnknown},
+		{"unrelated_recording_config", "tns1:RecordingConfig/JobState", KindUnknown},
+
+		// MyRuleDetector overmatch guard — Bosch publishes counter and
+		// occupancy under the same container and these must not be
+		// classified as object detection.
+		{"my_rule_detector_counter_not_object", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/Counter", KindUnknown},
+		{"my_rule_detector_occupancy_not_object", "tns1:RuleEngine/MyRuleDetector/Occupancy", KindUnknown},
+
+		// Substring guards.
+		{"motion_recording_not_motion", "tns1:Recording/MotionRecording/Started", KindUnknown},
+		{"audio_encoder_config_not_audio_alarm", "tns1:Configuration/AudioEncoderConfiguration", KindUnknown},
+		{"relay_failure_not_digital_output", "tns1:Device/HardwareFailure/RelayFailure", KindUnknown},
+		{"digital_input_config_not_digital_input", "tns1:Device/IO/DigitalInputConfiguration", KindUnknown},
+		{"tamper_detector_log_not_tampering", "tns1:Device/Diagnostics/TamperDetectorLog", KindUnknown},
+
+		// The two AXIS VMD needles carry a trailing slash so they match a
+		// whole path segment. Without it, any sibling app or rule whose
+		// name merely starts with VMD / VMD3 would classify as motion and
+		// drive recording.
+		{"vmd_statistics_app_not_motion", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/VMDStatistics/Camera1", KindUnknown},
+		{"vmd3_config_rule_not_motion", "tns1:RuleEngine/tnsaxis:VMD3Config/Changed", KindUnknown},
+		// VMD3 is scoped to RuleEngine; the same name under another
+		// container is a different thing.
+		{"vmd3_outside_rule_engine_not_motion", "tnsaxis:Storage/VMD3/Status", KindUnknown},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, Classify(tc.topic), "topic=%q", tc.topic)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClassifyIsCaseSensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	// ONVIF topic identifiers are case-sensitive per the spec; a
+	// lowercased topic must not match a capitalised pattern.
+	assert.Equal(t, KindUnknown, Classify("tns1:videosource/motionalarm"))
+}
+
+func TestCanonicalizeTopicStripsNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"single_namespace", "tns1:VideoSource/MotionAlarm", "VideoSource/MotionAlarm"},
+		{"per_segment_namespace", "tns1:Device/tns1:Trigger/tns1:Relay", "Device/Trigger/Relay"},
+		{"vendor_namespace_inner", "tns1:VideoAnalytics/tnssamsung:MotionDetection", "VideoAnalytics/MotionDetection"},
+		{"axis_outer_namespace", "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario1", "CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario1"},
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+		{"no_colon_passthrough", "Foo/Bar", "Foo/Bar"},
+		{"double_slash_keeps_empty_segment", "tns1://Foo", "//Foo"},
+		{"colon_only_segment_collapses_to_empty", "tns1:/Foo", "/Foo"},
+		{"trailing_colon_segment", "tns1:", ""},
+		{"multi_colon_takes_first", "tns1:Foo:Bar/Baz", "Foo:Bar/Baz"},
+		{"leading_slash_kept", "/tns1:Foo", "/Foo"},
+		{"trailing_slash_kept", "tns1:Foo/", "Foo/"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, canonicalizeTopic(tc.in), "input=%q", tc.in)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClassifyRuleOrder_ObjectAnalyticsBeforeGenericObjects(t *testing.T) {
+	// Locks the invariant that the prefix rule "ObjectAnalytics/" is
+	// matched before the broader "ObjectsInside" rule. Without this
+	// ordering, AXIS AOA topics that contain neither would still classify
+	// correctly via the ObjectAnalytics/ rule; we encode the dependency.
+	topic := "tnsaxis:CameraApplicationPlatform/ObjectAnalytics/Device1Scenario1"
+	assert.Equal(t, KindObjectDetected, Classify(topic))
+}

event/stream/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Kind is the normalized category of an ONVIF event, independent of the
+// camera vendor's topic naming.
+type Kind uint8
+
+const (
+	KindUnknown Kind = iota
+	KindMotion
+	KindTampering
+	// KindImageQuality covers VideoSource imaging alarms. Kept separate
+	// from KindTampering because they fire on legitimate sunset / dawn /
+	// condensation transitions, not on interference.
+	KindImageQuality
+	KindDigitalInput
+	KindDigitalOutput
+	KindObjectDetected
+	KindAudioAlarm
+)
+
+func (k Kind) String() string {
+	switch k {
+	case KindUnknown:
+		return "Unknown"
+	case KindMotion:
+		return "Motion"
+	case KindTampering:
+		return "Tampering"
+	case KindImageQuality:
+		return "ImageQuality"
+	case KindDigitalInput:
+		return "DigitalInput"
+	case KindDigitalOutput:
+		return "DigitalOutput"
+	case KindObjectDetected:
+		return "ObjectDetected"
+	case KindAudioAlarm:
+		return "AudioAlarm"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("Kind(%d)", uint8(k))
+	}
+}
+
+// State is the active/inactive level carried by a boolean ONVIF property
+// event. StateUnknown is used both when the value cannot be parsed and
+// when the topic is edge-triggered and carries no boolean state.
+type State uint8
+
+const (
+	StateUnknown State = iota
+	StateActive
+	StateInactive
+)
+
+func (s State) String() string {
+	switch s {
+	case StateUnknown:
+		return "Unknown"
+	case StateActive:
+		return "Active"
+	case StateInactive:
+		return "Inactive"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("State(%d)", uint8(s))
+	}
+}
+
+// PropertyOperation mirrors the wsnt:PropertyOperation attribute.
+// PropertyUnknown covers both "absent on the wire" (the attribute is
+// optional) and "unrecognised value".
+type PropertyOperation uint8
+
+const (
+	PropertyUnknown PropertyOperation = iota
+	PropertyInitialized
+	PropertyChanged
+	PropertyDeleted
+)
+
+func (p PropertyOperation) String() string {
+	switch p {
+	case PropertyUnknown:
+		return "Unknown"
+	case PropertyInitialized:
+		return "Initialized"
+	case PropertyChanged:
+		return "Changed"
+	case PropertyDeleted:
+		return "Deleted"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("PropertyOperation(%d)", uint8(p))
+	}
+}
+
+// Event is a single normalized notification from an ONVIF device.
+//
+// Source and Data are maps because ONVIF notifications can carry
+// multiple SimpleItems — AXIS Object Analytics emits active+classType+
+// confidence in one Data list, DigitalInput carries InputToken in Source
+// and LogicalState in Data.
+type Event struct {
+	Kind      Kind
+	State     State
+	Operation PropertyOperation
+	DeviceID  string
+	Source    map[string]string
+	Data      map[string]string
+	Topic     string
+	Timestamp time.Time
+	// DeviceTime is the camera-reported wsnt:UtcTime. Cameras drift —
+	// prefer Timestamp for ordering and DeviceTime only for forensics or
+	// cross-camera correlation when the caller manages NTP.
+	DeviceTime time.Time
+	// AfterReconnect is true for events delivered after the Stream
+	// silently recreated its subscription. Cameras replay current state
+	// with PropertyInitialized on a new subscription; watch this flag to
+	// suppress duplicate edge-detection. Cleared on the first non-
+	// Initialized event.
+	AfterReconnect bool
+}
+
+// Op identifies which Stream operation failed.
+type Op string
+
+const (
+	OpPull     Op = "pull"
+	OpRenew    Op = "renew"
+	OpRecreate Op = "recreate"
+)
+
+// ErrPullFailed wraps a transient PullMessages failure. The pull loop
+// surfaces it and continues.
+type ErrPullFailed struct{ Err error }
+
+func (e ErrPullFailed) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("pull messages: %v", e.Err) }
+func (e ErrPullFailed) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+func (ErrPullFailed) Op() Op          { return OpPull }
+
+// ErrRenewFailed wraps a Renew SOAP failure. Recovered implicitly: a
+// permanently failing renew lets the subscription die, pull starts
+// failing, and the reconnect path recreates it.
+type ErrRenewFailed struct{ Err error }
+
+func (e ErrRenewFailed) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("renew pull point: %v", e.Err) }
+func (e ErrRenewFailed) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+func (ErrRenewFailed) Op() Op          { return OpRenew }
+
+// ErrRecreateFailed wraps a failed CreatePullPointSubscription. Consumers
+// seeing this repeatedly should consider the camera offline.
+type ErrRecreateFailed struct{ Err error }
+
+func (e ErrRecreateFailed) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("recreate pull point: %v", e.Err) }
+func (e ErrRecreateFailed) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+func (ErrRecreateFailed) Op() Op          { return OpRecreate }

event/stream/types_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+package stream
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestKindString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		kind Kind
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"unknown", KindUnknown, "Unknown"},
+		{"motion", KindMotion, "Motion"},
+		{"tampering", KindTampering, "Tampering"},
+		{"image_quality", KindImageQuality, "ImageQuality"},
+		{"digital_input", KindDigitalInput, "DigitalInput"},
+		{"digital_output", KindDigitalOutput, "DigitalOutput"},
+		{"object_detected", KindObjectDetected, "ObjectDetected"},
+		{"audio_alarm", KindAudioAlarm, "AudioAlarm"},
+		{"out_of_range", Kind(255), "Kind(255)"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, tc.kind.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKindStringsAreUnique(t *testing.T) {
+	seen := map[string]Kind{}
+	for k := KindUnknown; k <= KindAudioAlarm; k++ {
+		s := k.String()
+		prev, dup := seen[s]
+		assert.False(t, dup, "duplicate String %q for Kind(%d) and Kind(%d)", s, prev, k)
+		seen[s] = k
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStateString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		state State
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"unknown", StateUnknown, "Unknown"},
+		{"active", StateActive, "Active"},
+		{"inactive", StateInactive, "Inactive"},
+		{"out_of_range", State(255), "State(255)"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, tc.state.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPropertyOperationString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		op   PropertyOperation
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"unknown", PropertyUnknown, "Unknown"},
+		{"initialized", PropertyInitialized, "Initialized"},
+		{"changed", PropertyChanged, "Changed"},
+		{"deleted", PropertyDeleted, "Deleted"},
+		{"out_of_range", PropertyOperation(255), "PropertyOperation(255)"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, tc.op.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventZeroValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var e Event
+	assert.Equal(t, KindUnknown, e.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateUnknown, e.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, PropertyUnknown, e.Operation)
+	assert.Empty(t, e.DeviceID)
+	assert.Nil(t, e.Source)
+	assert.Nil(t, e.Data)
+	assert.Empty(t, e.Topic)
+	assert.True(t, e.Timestamp.IsZero())
+	assert.True(t, e.DeviceTime.IsZero())
+}
+
+func TestEventFieldAssignmentRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	deviceTime := now.Add(-2 * time.Second)
+	e := Event{
+		Kind:       KindMotion,
+		State:      StateActive,
+		Operation:  PropertyChanged,
+		DeviceID:   "axis-camera-01",
+		Source:     map[string]string{"InputToken": "DI1"},
+		Data:       map[string]string{"LogicalState": "true"},
+		Topic:      "tns1:Device/Trigger/DigitalInput",
+		Timestamp:  now,
+		DeviceTime: deviceTime,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, KindMotion, e.Kind)
+	assert.Equal(t, StateActive, e.State)
+	assert.Equal(t, PropertyChanged, e.Operation)
+	assert.Equal(t, "axis-camera-01", e.DeviceID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "DI1", e.Source["InputToken"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", e.Data["LogicalState"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "tns1:Device/Trigger/DigitalInput", e.Topic)
+	assert.True(t, e.Timestamp.Equal(now))
+	assert.True(t, e.DeviceTime.Equal(deviceTime))
+}
+
+// --- Typed errors -----------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestTypedErrors_UnwrapAndOp(t *testing.T) {
+	inner := errors.New("boom")
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		op   Op
+	}{
+		{"pull", ErrPullFailed{Err: inner}, OpPull},
+		{"renew", ErrRenewFailed{Err: inner}, OpRenew},
+		{"recreate", ErrRecreateFailed{Err: inner}, OpRecreate},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.True(t, errors.Is(tc.err, inner), "errors.Is should unwrap to inner")
+			assert.Contains(t, tc.err.Error(), "boom")
+			if e, ok := tc.err.(interface{ Op() Op }); ok {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.op, e.Op())
+			} else {
+				t.Fatalf("%T does not expose Op()", tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

event/types.go

@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ type MessageBody struct {
 
 type MessageDescription struct {
 	PropertyOperation xsd.AnyType `xml:"PropertyOperation,attr"`
+	UtcTime           xsd.AnyType `xml:"UtcTime,attr"`
 	Source            Source      `json:",omitempty" xml:",omitempty"`
 	Data              Data        `json:",omitempty" xml:",omitempty"`
 }

examples/event/pullmessage/main.go

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func main() {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln(err)
 	}
-	res, err := dev.SendSoap(endPoint, string(requestBody))
+	res, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endPoint, string(requestBody))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln("fail to CallMethod:", err)
 	}

examples/event/renew/main.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func main() {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln(err)
 	}
-	res, err := dev.SendSoap(endPoint, string(requestBody))
+	res, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endPoint, string(requestBody))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln("fail to CallMethod:", err)
 	}

examples/event/stream/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Command streamtest opens an event stream against an ONVIF camera and
+// prints decoded events as they arrive. Useful for verifying the
+// classifier against real-camera topics; not intended as a production
+// tool.
+//
+// # Usage
+//
+//	go run ./examples/event/stream \
+//	  -xaddr 192.168.1.10 \
+//	  -username root \
+//	  -duration 60s
+//
+// # Credentials
+//
+// The camera password is read, in order of preference:
+//
+//  1. The ONVIF_PASSWORD environment variable.
+//  2. A file pointed at by -password-file (newline stripped).
+//  3. Interactive prompt when stdin is a tty.
+//
+// -password is also accepted but DISCOURAGED — it leaks the credential
+// into shell history and the system process listing. Use only for
+// throwaway dev cameras.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event/stream"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	xaddr := flag.String("xaddr", "", "camera host or host:port (required)")
+	username := flag.String("username", "", "ONVIF user (required)")
+	insecurePassword := flag.String("password", "", "INSECURE — leaks into shell history; prefer ONVIF_PASSWORD env or -password-file")
+	passwordFile := flag.String("password-file", "", "read password from this file (newline trimmed)")
+	deviceID := flag.String("device-id", "", "logical name printed with each event (default: xaddr)")
+	filter := flag.String("filter", "", "raw ONVIF ConcreteSet topic filter (empty = all topics, works on AXIS)")
+	pullTimeout := flag.Duration("pull-timeout", 5*time.Second, "server-side wait per PullMessages call")
+	duration := flag.Duration("duration", 0, "stop after this long (0 = run until Ctrl-C)")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if *xaddr == "" || *username == "" {
+		flag.Usage()
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+	if *deviceID == "" {
+		*deviceID = *xaddr
+	}
+
+	password, err := loadPassword(*insecurePassword, *passwordFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("password: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dev, err := onvif.NewDevice(onvif.DeviceParams{
+		Xaddr:    *xaddr,
+		Username: *username,
+		Password: password,
+		AuthMode: onvif.UsernameTokenAuth,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("connect: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	if *duration > 0 {
+		var done context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, done = context.WithTimeout(ctx, *duration)
+		defer done()
+	}
+
+	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	go func() {
+		<-sigs
+		cancel()
+	}()
+
+	s, err := stream.NewStream(ctx, dev, stream.Options{
+		DeviceID:       *deviceID,
+		RawTopicFilter: *filter,
+		PullTimeout:    *pullTimeout,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("open stream: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := s.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("stream close: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	log.Printf("streaming from %s (device-id=%s, filter=%q)", *xaddr, *deviceID, *filter)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Printf("done (%v)", ctx.Err())
+			return
+		case ev, ok := <-s.Events():
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			fmt.Printf("%s  kind=%-15s state=%-9s op=%-12s topic=%s",
+				ev.Timestamp.Format(time.RFC3339), ev.Kind, ev.State, ev.Operation, ev.Topic)
+			if ev.AfterReconnect {
+				fmt.Print("  [after-reconnect]")
+			}
+			if len(ev.Source) > 0 {
+				fmt.Printf("  source=%v", ev.Source)
+			}
+			if len(ev.Data) > 0 {
+				fmt.Printf("  data=%v", ev.Data)
+			}
+			fmt.Println()
+		case e, ok := <-s.Errors():
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			var pull stream.ErrPullFailed
+			var recreate stream.ErrRecreateFailed
+			switch {
+			case errors.As(e, &recreate):
+				log.Printf("RECREATE failed: %v (camera may be offline)", recreate.Err)
+			case errors.As(e, &pull):
+				log.Printf("pull error (will retry): %v", pull.Err)
+			default:
+				log.Printf("stream error: %v", e)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// loadPassword resolves the camera password from the environment first
+// (ONVIF_PASSWORD), then -password-file, then an interactive prompt as
+// a last resort. The insecure -password flag is honoured only if
+// nothing else is set, and a warning is logged.
+func loadPassword(insecure, file string) (string, error) {
+	if env := os.Getenv("ONVIF_PASSWORD"); env != "" {
+		return env, nil
+	}
+	if file != "" {
+		b, err := os.ReadFile(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("read %s: %w", file, err)
+		}
+		return strings.TrimRight(string(b), "\r\n"), nil
+	}
+	if insecure != "" {
+		log.Print("WARNING: -password leaks into shell history and process listings; prefer ONVIF_PASSWORD env or -password-file")
+		return insecure, nil
+	}
+	// Interactive prompt — works when stdin is a tty. We use a plain
+	// reader (rather than golang.org/x/term hidden input) to keep
+	// this example dependency-free; in production, callers should
+	// integrate term.ReadPassword.
+	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "ONVIF password (visible): ")
+	r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+	line, err := r.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.New("no password supplied (set ONVIF_PASSWORD, -password-file, or pipe input)")
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(line, "\r\n"), nil
+}

examples/event/unsubscribe/main.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func main() {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln(err)
 	}
-	res, err := dev.SendSoap(endPoint, string(requestBody))
+	res, err := dev.SendSoapWithOptions(endPoint, string(requestBody))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln("fail to CallMethod:", err)
 	}

go.mod

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/elgs/gostrgen v0.0.0-20161222160715-9d61ae07eeae
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0
+	github.com/icholy/digest v0.1.23
+	github.com/juju/errors v1.0.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
+	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	golang.org/x/net v0.19.0
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -29,16 +29,22 @@ github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.14.0/go.mod h1:9iXMNT7sEkjXb0I+enO7QX
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 h1:CrxCmQqYDkv1z7lO7Wbh2HN93uovUHgrECaO5ZrCXAU=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0 h1:MtMxsa51/r9yyhkyLsVeVt0B+BGQZzpQiTQ4eHZ8bc4=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/icholy/digest v0.1.23 h1:4hX2pIloP0aDx7RJW0JewhPPy3R8kU+vWKdxPsCCGtY=
+github.com/icholy/digest v0.1.23/go.mod h1:QNrsSGQ5v7v9cReDI0+eyjsXGUoRSUZQHeQ5C4XLa0Y=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 h1:PV8peI4a0ysnczrg+LtxykD8LfKY9ML6u2jnxaEnrnM=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHmT4TnhNGBo=
+github.com/juju/errors v1.0.0 h1:yiq7kjCLll1BiaRuNY53MGI0+EQ3rF6GB+wvboZDefM=
+github.com/juju/errors v1.0.0/go.mod h1:B5x9thDqx0wIMH3+aLIMP9HjItInYWObRovoCFM5Qe8=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.4 h1:acbojRNwl3o09bUq+yDCtZFc1aiwaAAxtcn8YkZXnvk=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:RVVoqg1df56z8g3pUjL/3lE5UfnlrJX8tyFgg4nqhuY=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1 h1:Fmg33tUaq4/8ym9TJN1x7sLJnHVwhP33CNkpYV/7rwI=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.4 h1:XlAE/cm/ms7TE/VMVoduSpNBoyc2dOxHs5MZSwAN63Q=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.4/go.mod h1:7ZrI8mTSeBSHl/UaRyKQW1qZeMgak41ANeCNaVckg+4=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19 h1:JITubQf0MOLdlGRuRq+jtsDlekdYPia9ZFsB8h/APPA=
@@ -68,6 +74,8 @@ github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.11 h1:BMaWp1Bb6fHwEtbplGBGJ498wD+LKlNSl25MjdZY4dU=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.11/go.mod h1:UNopzCgEMSXjBc6AOMqYvWC1ktqTAfzJZUZgYf6w6lg=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.3.0 h1:02VY4/ZcO/gBOH6PUaoiptASxtXU10jazRCP865E97k=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.3.0/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
@@ -81,14 +89,14 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0 h1:h48lPFYpsTvQJZF4EKyI4aLHaev3CxivZmv7yZig9pc=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0 h1:kPPoIgf3TsEvrm0PFe15JQ+570QVxYzEvvHqChK+cng=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
 rsc.io/pdf v0.1.1/go.mod h1:n8OzWcQ6Sp37PL01nO98y4iUCRdTGarVfzxY20ICaU4=

gosoap/soap-builder.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package gosoap
 
 import (
 	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
 	"log"
 
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
@@ -128,7 +129,13 @@ func (msg *SoapMessage) AddBodyContents(elements []*etree.Element) {
 	*msg = SoapMessage(res)
 }
 
-//AddStringHeaderContent for Envelope body
+// AddStringHeaderContent appends a single root element to the SOAP
+// Header. Use AddStringHeaderContents (plural) when the content
+// contains multiple sibling elements — for example WS-Addressing
+// reference parameters, which the spec requires as separate header
+// blocks. The two coexist for backwards compatibility: external
+// consumers of this library may rely on AddStringHeaderContent's
+// single-root constraint and the matching error on multi-root input.
 func (msg *SoapMessage) AddStringHeaderContent(data string) error {
 	doc := etree.NewDocument()
 
@@ -156,6 +163,44 @@ func (msg *SoapMessage) AddStringHeaderContent(data string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// AddStringHeaderContents is the multi-root variant of
+// AddStringHeaderContent: it accepts any number of top-level sibling
+// elements (zero is an error) and appends each as its own SOAP Header
+// child. Needed because WS-Addressing 1.0 SOAP Binding §3.4 requires each
+// reference parameter to be a separate Header block, but a Go XML
+// document only has one root. Comments and text outside elements are
+// silently dropped.
+//
+// SECURITY: data forwards verbatim into the outbound envelope. Do not
+// pass content sourced from untrusted clients — see the same caveat
+// on onvif.Device.SendSoapWithOptions / SendSoapWithHeader.
+func (msg *SoapMessage) AddStringHeaderContents(data string) error {
+	in := etree.NewDocument()
+	if err := in.ReadFromString("<wrap>" + data + "</wrap>"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wrap := in.SelectElement("wrap")
+	if wrap == nil {
+		return errors.New("AddStringHeaderContents: missing wrap root")
+	}
+	children := wrap.ChildElements()
+	if len(children) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("AddStringHeaderContents: no element children in content")
+	}
+
+	doc := etree.NewDocument()
+	if err := doc.ReadFromString(msg.String()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header := doc.Root().SelectElement("Header")
+	for _, child := range children {
+		header.AddChild(child.Copy())
+	}
+	res, _ := doc.WriteToString()
+	*msg = SoapMessage(res)
+	return nil
+}
+
 //AddHeaderContent for Envelope body
 func (msg *SoapMessage) AddHeaderContent(element *etree.Element) {
 	doc := etree.NewDocument()

names.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const (
 	GetNetworkProtocols           = "GetNetworkProtocols"
 	GetPkcs10Request              = "GetPkcs10Request"
 	GetRelayOutputs               = "GetRelayOutputs"
-	GetDigitalInputs							= "GetDigitalInputs"
+	GetDigitalInputs			  = "GetDigitalInputs"
 	GetRemoteDiscoveryMode        = "GetRemoteDiscoveryMode"
 	GetRemoteUser                 = "GetRemoteUser"
 	GetScopes                     = "GetScopes"

networking/digest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package networking
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSendSoapWithDigestReturnsServerError(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	response, err := SendSoapWithDigest(server.Client(), server.URL, "<Envelope/>", "user", "password")
+	if response == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SendSoapWithDigest returned a nil response")
+	}
+	defer response.Body.Close()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SendSoapWithDigest returned nil error for HTTP 500")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendSoapWithDigestReturnsServerErrorAfterAuthentication(t *testing.T) {
+	requestCount := 0
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		requestCount++
+		if requestCount == 1 {
+			writer.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Digest realm="AXIS", nonce="nonce", qop="auth", algorithm=MD5`)
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(request.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Digest ") {
+			t.Error("authenticated retry is missing Digest Authorization header")
+		}
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	response, err := SendSoapWithDigest(server.Client(), server.URL, "<Envelope/>", "user", "password")
+	if response == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SendSoapWithDigest returned a nil response")
+	}
+	defer response.Body.Close()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SendSoapWithDigest returned nil error for authenticated HTTP 500")
+	}
+	if requestCount != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("request count = %d, want 2", requestCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDigestChallenge(t *testing.T) {
+	challenge := `Digest realm="testrealm@host.com", qop="auth,auth-int", nonce="dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093", opaque="5ccc069c403ebaf9f0171e9517f40e41", algorithm=MD5`
+	parts := parseDigestChallenge(challenge)
+
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"realm":     "testrealm@host.com",
+		"qop":       "auth,auth-int",
+		"nonce":     "dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093",
+		"opaque":    "5ccc069c403ebaf9f0171e9517f40e41",
+		"algorithm": "MD5",
+	}
+	for key, want := range cases {
+		if got := parts[key]; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("parseDigestChallenge()[%q] = %q, want %q", key, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMD5DigestVectors validates md5Hex and the response assembly order against
+// the canonical RFC 2617 section 3.5 worked example.
+func TestMD5DigestVectors(t *testing.T) {
+	ha1 := md5Hex("Mufasa:testrealm@host.com:Circle Of Life")
+	if want := "939e7578ed9e3c518a452acee763bce9"; ha1 != want {
+		t.Fatalf("HA1 = %q, want %q", ha1, want)
+	}
+
+	ha2 := md5Hex("GET:/dir/index.html")
+	if want := "39aff3a2bab6126f332b942af96d3366"; ha2 != want {
+		t.Fatalf("HA2 = %q, want %q", ha2, want)
+	}
+
+	response := md5Hex(strings.Join([]string{
+		ha1,
+		"dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093", // nonce
+		"00000001",                           // nc
+		"0a4f113b",                           // cnonce
+		"auth",                               // qop
+		ha2,
+	}, ":"))
+	if want := "6629fae49393a05397450978507c4ef1"; response != want {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %q, want %q", response, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewDigestAuthorizationConsistency builds an Authorization header and then
+// recomputes the response from the emitted cnonce/nc to confirm the header is
+// internally consistent (correct field wiring and formula).
+func TestNewDigestAuthorizationConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		username = "admin"
+		password = "s3cret"
+		realm    = "IP Camera"
+		nonce    = "0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661"
+	)
+	challenge := `Digest realm="` + realm + `", nonce="` + nonce + `", qop="auth", algorithm=MD5`
+
+	header := newDigestAuthorization(challenge, "POST", "http://192.168.1.10/onvif/ptz_service", username, password)
+	if header == "" {
+		t.Fatal("newDigestAuthorization returned empty header")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(header, "Digest ") {
+		t.Fatalf("header does not start with Digest scheme: %q", header)
+	}
+
+	fields := parseDigestChallenge(header)
+	if fields["username"] != username {
+		t.Errorf("username = %q, want %q", fields["username"], username)
+	}
+	if fields["uri"] != "/onvif/ptz_service" {
+		t.Errorf("uri = %q, want %q", fields["uri"], "/onvif/ptz_service")
+	}
+	if fields["qop"] != "auth" {
+		t.Errorf("qop = %q, want %q", fields["qop"], "auth")
+	}
+
+	ha1 := md5Hex(username + ":" + realm + ":" + password)
+	ha2 := md5Hex("POST:/onvif/ptz_service")
+	want := md5Hex(strings.Join([]string{ha1, nonce, fields["nc"], fields["cnonce"], "auth", ha2}, ":"))
+	if fields["response"] != want {
+		t.Errorf("response = %q, want %q", fields["response"], want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewDigestAuthorizationRejectsUnsupported ensures an empty header is
+// returned when required parameters are missing or the qop is unsupported.
+func TestNewDigestAuthorizationRejectsUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := newDigestAuthorization(`Digest realm="r"`, "POST", "http://host/x", "u", "p"); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty header when nonce missing, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := newDigestAuthorization(`Digest realm="r", nonce="n", qop="auth-int"`, "POST", "http://host/x", "u", "p"); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty header for unsupported qop, got %q", got)
+	}
+}

networking/networking.go

@@ -2,15 +2,212 @@ package networking
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/md5"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/beevik/etree"
+	"github.com/juju/errors"
 )
 
+const soapContentType = "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8"
+
 // SendSoap send soap message
 func SendSoap(httpClient *http.Client, endpoint, message string) (*http.Response, error) {
-	resp, err := httpClient.Post(endpoint, "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8", bytes.NewBufferString(message))
+	resp, err := httpClient.Post(endpoint, soapContentType, bytes.NewBufferString(message))
 	if err != nil {
-		return resp, err
+		return resp, errors.Annotate(err, "Post")
 	}
 
-	return resp, nil
+	return resp, responseError(resp)
+}
+
+func responseError(resp *http.Response) error {
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 && resp.StatusCode < 600 {
+		return errors.Errorf("Server error: %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SendSoapWithDigest sends a soap message and, when the device answers with an
+// HTTP 401 digest challenge, transparently retries the request with the
+// computed HTTP digest Authorization header.
+//
+// Any wsse:Security header present in the message is stripped before sending:
+// when a device requires HTTP digest the credentials travel in the
+// Authorization header, so keeping the WS-Security UsernameToken in the body
+// would put the credentials on the wire twice. Other SOAP header blocks (for
+// example WS-Addressing reference parameters) are preserved so vendor-specific
+// routing keeps working across the retry.
+func SendSoapWithDigest(httpClient *http.Client, endpoint, message, username, password string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if httpClient == nil {
+		httpClient = new(http.Client)
+	}
+
+	// Avoid sending the credentials twice (WS-Security + digest) on the retry.
+	message = stripWSSecurityHeader(message)
+
+	resp, err := httpClient.Post(endpoint, soapContentType, bytes.NewBufferString(message))
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, errors.Annotate(err, "Post")
+	}
+
+	// Only escalate to HTTP digest when the device explicitly asks for it.
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		return resp, responseError(resp)
+	}
+
+	challenge := resp.Header.Get("WWW-Authenticate")
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(challenge)), "digest") {
+		// Not a digest challenge (e.g. Basic) - nothing more we can do here.
+		return resp, responseError(resp)
+	}
+
+	authorization := newDigestAuthorization(challenge, http.MethodPost, endpoint, username, password)
+	if authorization == "" {
+		return resp, errors.New("unsupported digest challenge")
+	}
+
+	// Release the challenge response before issuing the authenticated retry.
+	resp.Body.Close()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, endpoint, bytes.NewBufferString(message))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Annotate(err, "new digest request")
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", soapContentType)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", authorization)
+
+	resp, err = httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, errors.Annotate(err, "Post with digest")
+	}
+
+	return resp, responseError(resp)
+}
+
+// stripWSSecurityHeader removes the wsse:Security header block from a SOAP
+// envelope, leaving all other header blocks intact. The message is returned
+// unchanged if it cannot be parsed as XML or has no such header.
+func stripWSSecurityHeader(message string) string {
+	doc := etree.NewDocument()
+	if err := doc.ReadFromString(message); err != nil {
+		return message
+	}
+	security := doc.FindElement("./Envelope/Header/Security")
+	if security == nil {
+		return message
+	}
+	header := doc.Root().SelectElement("Header")
+	if header == nil {
+		return message
+	}
+	header.RemoveChild(security)
+	data, err := doc.WriteToString()
+	if err != nil {
+		return message
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
+var digestParamRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(\w+)=(?:"([^"]*)"|([^,]+))`)
+
+// parseDigestChallenge parses the parameters of a WWW-Authenticate: Digest header.
+func parseDigestChallenge(challenge string) map[string]string {
+	challenge = strings.TrimSpace(challenge)
+	if i := strings.IndexAny(challenge, " \t"); i >= 0 && strings.EqualFold(challenge[:i], "Digest") {
+		challenge = challenge[i+1:]
+	}
+
+	result := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, m := range digestParamRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(challenge, -1) {
+		value := m[2]
+		if value == "" {
+			value = m[3]
+		}
+		result[strings.ToLower(m[1])] = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// newDigestAuthorization builds an RFC 2617 HTTP digest Authorization header
+// value. It supports the MD5 and MD5-sess algorithms and the "auth" qop, which
+// covers the vast majority of ONVIF devices. It returns an empty string when the
+// challenge is missing required parameters or requires an unsupported qop.
+func newDigestAuthorization(challenge, method, uri, username, password string) string {
+	parts := parseDigestChallenge(challenge)
+	realm := parts["realm"]
+	nonce := parts["nonce"]
+	if realm == "" || nonce == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	opaque := parts["opaque"]
+	algorithm := parts["algorithm"]
+
+	qop := ""
+	if rawQop, ok := parts["qop"]; ok {
+		for _, candidate := range strings.Split(rawQop, ",") {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(candidate) == "auth" {
+				qop = "auth"
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		// The server offered qop but none we support (e.g. auth-int only).
+		if qop == "" {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	digestURI := uri
+	if u, err := url.Parse(uri); err == nil {
+		digestURI = u.RequestURI()
+	}
+
+	cnonce := randomCnonce()
+	const nc = "00000001"
+
+	ha1 := md5Hex(username + ":" + realm + ":" + password)
+	if strings.EqualFold(algorithm, "MD5-sess") {
+		ha1 = md5Hex(ha1 + ":" + nonce + ":" + cnonce)
+	}
+	ha2 := md5Hex(method + ":" + digestURI)
+
+	var response string
+	if qop == "auth" {
+		response = md5Hex(strings.Join([]string{ha1, nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, ha2}, ":"))
+	} else {
+		response = md5Hex(ha1 + ":" + nonce + ":" + ha2)
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, `Digest username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", response="%s"`,
+		username, realm, nonce, digestURI, response)
+	if qop == "auth" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, `, qop=auth, nc=%s, cnonce="%s"`, nc, cnonce)
+	}
+	if algorithm != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, `, algorithm=%s`, algorithm)
+	}
+	if opaque != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, `, opaque="%s"`, opaque)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func md5Hex(s string) string {
+	sum := md5.Sum([]byte(s))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func randomCnonce() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 8)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "00000000"
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(b)
 }

ptz/types.go

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ type GetPresetTours struct {
 }
 
 type GetPresetToursResponse struct {
-	PresetTour onvif.PresetTour
+	PresetTour []onvif.PresetTour
 }
 
 type GetPresetTour struct {

ptz/types_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package ptz
+
+import (
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/xsd/onvif"
+)
+
+func TestContinuousMoveIncludesZeroPanTiltCoordinates(t *testing.T) {
+	request := ContinuousMove{
+		Velocity: onvif.PTZSpeedPanTilt{
+			PanTilt: onvif.Vector2D{X: 0.5, Y: 0},
+		},
+	}
+
+	encoded, err := xml.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("xml.Marshal() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(encoded), `x="0.5" y="0"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("ContinuousMove PanTilt = %s, want explicit x and y attributes", encoded)
+	}
+}

sdk/event/PullMessages_auto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Code generated : DO NOT EDIT.
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Jean-Francois SMIGIELSKI
+// Distributed under the MIT License
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/juju/errors"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/event"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk"
+)
+
+// Call_PullMessages forwards the call to dev.CallMethod() then parses the payload of the reply as a PullMessagesResponse.
+func Call_PullMessages(ctx context.Context, dev *onvif.Device, request event.PullMessages) (event.PullMessagesResponse, error) {
+	type Envelope struct {
+		Header struct{}
+		Body   struct {
+			PullMessagesResponse event.PullMessagesResponse
+		}
+	}
+	var reply Envelope
+	if httpReply, err := dev.CallMethod(request); err != nil {
+		return reply.Body.PullMessagesResponse, errors.Annotate(err, "call")
+	} else {
+		err = sdk.ReadAndParse(ctx, httpReply, &reply, "PullMessages")
+		return reply.Body.PullMessagesResponse, errors.Annotate(err, "reply")
+	}
+}

sdk/event/event.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package event
+
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event CreatePullPointSubscription
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event GetEventProperties
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event GetServiceCapabilities
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event Subscribe
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event Unsubscribe
+//go:generate go run github.com/kerberos-io/onvif/sdk/codegen event event PullMessages

sdk/sdk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package sdk
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/juju/errors"
+)
+
+// ReadAndParse reads the body of the given HTTP reply and unmarshals it into
+// reply. The tag identifies the ONVIF action for diagnostic purposes.
+func ReadAndParse(ctx context.Context, httpReply *http.Response, reply interface{}, tag string) error {
+	// TODO(jfsmig): extract the deadline from ctx.Deadline() and apply it on the reply reading
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(httpReply.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Annotate(err, "read")
+	}
+
+	httpReply.Body.Close()
+
+	err = xml.Unmarshal(b, reply)
+	return errors.Annotate(err, "decode")
+}

xsd/onvif/onvif.go

@@ -666,13 +666,13 @@ type PTZSpeedPanTilt struct {
 }
 
 type Vector2D struct {
-	X     float64     `xml:"x,attr,omitempty"`
-	Y     float64     `xml:"y,attr,omitempty"`
+	X     float64     `xml:"x,attr"`
+	Y     float64     `xml:"y,attr"`
 	Space *xsd.AnyURI `xml:"space,attr,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type Vector1D struct {
-	X     float64     `xml:"x,attr,omitempty"`
+	X     float64     `xml:"x,attr"`
 	Space *xsd.AnyURI `xml:"space,attr,omitempty"`
 }
 
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ type PresetTour struct {
 	Status            PTZPresetTourStatus            `xml:"Status"`
 	AutoStart         xsd.Boolean                    `xml:"AutoStart"`
 	StartingCondition PTZPresetTourStartingCondition `xml:"StartingCondition"`
-	TourSpot          PTZPresetTourSpot              `xml:"TourSpot"`
+	TourSpot          []PTZPresetTourSpot                    `xml:"TourSpot"`
 	Extension         PTZPresetTourExtension         `xml:"Extension"`
 }
 
@@ -1840,8 +1840,8 @@ type RelayOutputSettings struct {
 }
 
 type DigitalInput struct {
-	Token ReferenceToken `xml:"token,attr"`
-	IdleState 	InputIdleState `xml:"IdleState,attr"`
+	Token     ReferenceToken `xml:"token,attr"`
+	IdleState InputIdleState `xml:"IdleState,attr"`
 }
 
 // TODO:enumeration