diff --git a/packages/rpc-core/src/bundle.ts b/packages/rpc-core/src/bundle.ts
index e0a1e4fa37..4372963031 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-core/src/bundle.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-core/src/bundle.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type { RpcInterfaceMethod } from './types';
 import { Observable, publishReplay, refCount } from 'rxjs';
 
 import { rpcDefinitions } from '@polkadot/types';
-import { assert, hexToU8a, isFunction, isNull, isUndefined, lazyMethod, logger, memoize, objectSpread, u8aConcat, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { hexToU8a, isFunction, isNull, isUndefined, lazyMethod, logger, memoize, objectSpread, u8aConcat, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { drr, refCountDelay } from './util';
 
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ export class RpcCore {
    */
   constructor (instanceId: string, registry: Registry, provider: ProviderInterface, userRpc: Record<string, Record<string, DefinitionRpc | DefinitionRpcSub>> = {}) {
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
-    assert(provider && isFunction(provider.send), 'Expected Provider to API create');
+    if (!provider || !isFunction(provider.send)) {
+      throw new Error('Expected Provider to API create');
+    }
 
     this.#instanceId = instanceId;
     this.#registryDefault = registry;
@@ -360,7 +362,9 @@ export class RpcCore {
       ? ''
       : ` (${def.params.length - reqArgCount} optional)`;
 
-    assert(inputs.length >= reqArgCount && inputs.length <= def.params.length, () => `Expected ${def.params.length} parameters${optText}, ${inputs.length} found instead`);
+    if (inputs.length < reqArgCount || inputs.length > def.params.length) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected ${def.params.length} parameters${optText}, ${inputs.length} found instead`);
+    }
 
     return inputs.map((input, index): Codec =>
       registry.createTypeUnsafe(def.params[index].type, [input], { blockHash })
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/coder/index.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/coder/index.ts
index 9dcab156c0..f451bb2e0c 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/coder/index.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/coder/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 import type { JsonRpcRequest, JsonRpcResponse, JsonRpcResponseBaseError } from '../types';
 
-import { assert, isNumber, isString, isUndefined, stringify } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isNumber, isString, isUndefined, stringify } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import RpcError from './error';
 
@@ -36,15 +36,29 @@ export class RpcCoder {
   #id = 0;
 
   public decodeResponse (response?: JsonRpcResponse): unknown {
-    assert(response && response.jsonrpc === '2.0', 'Invalid jsonrpc field in decoded object');
+    if (!response || response.jsonrpc !== '2.0') {
+      throw new Error('Invalid jsonrpc field in decoded object');
+    }
 
     const isSubscription = !isUndefined(response.params) && !isUndefined(response.method);
 
-    assert(isNumber(response.id) || (isSubscription && (isNumber(response.params.subscription) || isString(response.params.subscription))), 'Invalid id field in decoded object');
+    if (
+      !isNumber(response.id) &&
+      (
+        !isSubscription || (
+          !isNumber(response.params.subscription) &&
+          !isString(response.params.subscription)
+        )
+      )
+    ) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid id field in decoded object');
+    }
 
     checkError(response.error);
 
-    assert(!isUndefined(response.result) || isSubscription, 'No result found in jsonrpc response');
+    if (response.result === undefined && !isSubscription) {
+      throw new Error('No result found in jsonrpc response');
+    }
 
     if (isSubscription) {
       checkError(response.params.error);
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/http/index.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/http/index.ts
index 5edc02f9f1..c621ee0d11 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/http/index.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/http/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 import type { JsonRpcResponse, ProviderInterface, ProviderInterfaceCallback, ProviderInterfaceEmitCb, ProviderInterfaceEmitted, ProviderStats } from '../types';
 
-import { assert, logger } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { logger } from '@polkadot/util';
 import { fetch } from '@polkadot/x-fetch';
 
 import { RpcCoder } from '../coder';
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ export class HttpProvider implements ProviderInterface {
    * @param {string} endpoint The endpoint url starting with http://
    */
   constructor (endpoint: string = defaults.HTTP_URL, headers: Record<string, string> = {}) {
-    assert(/^(https|http):\/\//.test(endpoint), () => `Endpoint should start with 'http://', received '${endpoint}'`);
+    if (!/^(https|http):\/\//.test(endpoint)) {
+      throw new Error(`Endpoint should start with 'http://' or 'https://', received '${endpoint}'`);
+    }
 
     this.#coder = new RpcCoder();
     this.#endpoint = endpoint;
@@ -156,7 +158,9 @@ export class HttpProvider implements ProviderInterface {
         method: 'POST'
       });
 
-      assert(response.ok, () => `[${response.status}]: ${response.statusText}`);
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`[${response.status}]: ${response.statusText}`);
+      }
 
       const result = await response.text();
 
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/mock/index.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/mock/index.ts
index 08ab94e941..0277fcc66c 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/mock/index.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/mock/index.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import jsonrpc from '@polkadot/types/interfaces/jsonrpc';
 import rpcHeader from '@polkadot/types-support/json/Header.004.json';
 import rpcSignedBlock from '@polkadot/types-support/json/SignedBlock.004.immortal.json';
 import rpcMetadata from '@polkadot/types-support/metadata/static-substrate';
-import { assert, BN, bnToU8a, logger, u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { BN, bnToU8a, logger, u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
 import { randomAsU8a } from '@polkadot/util-crypto';
 
 const INTERVAL = 1000;
@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ export class MockProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   public async send <T = any> (method: string, params: unknown[]): Promise<T> {
     l.debug(() => ['send', method, params]);
 
-    assert(this.requests[method], () => `provider.send: Invalid method '${method}'`);
+    if (!this.requests[method]) {
+      throw new Error(`provider.send: Invalid method '${method}'`);
+    }
 
     return this.requests[method](this.db, params) as T;
   }
@@ -139,7 +141,9 @@ export class MockProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   public async subscribe (type: string, method: string, ...params: unknown[]): Promise<number> {
     l.debug(() => ['subscribe', method, params]);
 
-    assert(this.subscriptions[method], () => `provider.subscribe: Invalid method '${method}'`);
+    if (!this.subscriptions[method]) {
+      throw new Error(`provider.subscribe: Invalid method '${method}'`);
+    }
 
     const callback = params.pop() as MockStateSubscriptionCallback;
     const id = ++this.subscriptionId;
@@ -160,7 +164,9 @@ export class MockProvider implements ProviderInterface {
 
     l.debug(() => ['unsubscribe', id, sub]);
 
-    assert(sub, () => `Unable to find subscription for ${id}`);
+    if (!sub) {
+      throw new Error(`Unable to find subscription for ${id}`);
+    }
 
     delete this.subscriptionMap[id];
     delete this.subscriptions[sub].callbacks[id];
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/Health.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/Health.ts
index b86b520ca1..d77263dc18 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/Health.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/Health.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2017-2022 @polkadot/rpc-provider authors & contributors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-import { assert } from '@polkadot/util';
-
 export interface SmoldotHealth {
   isSyncing: boolean
   peers: number
@@ -63,10 +61,9 @@ export function healthChecker (): HealthChecker {
       return checker.responsePassThrough(jsonRpcResponse);
     },
     sendJsonRpc: (request) => {
-      assert(
-        sendJsonRpc,
-        'setSendJsonRpc must be called before sending requests'
-      );
+      if (!sendJsonRpc) {
+        throw new Error('setSendJsonRpc must be called before sending requests');
+      }
 
       if (checker === null) {
         sendJsonRpc(request);
@@ -78,14 +75,12 @@ export function healthChecker (): HealthChecker {
       sendJsonRpc = cb;
     },
     start: (healthCallback) => {
-      assert(
-        checker === null,
-        "Can't start the health checker multiple times in parallel"
-      );
-      assert(
-        sendJsonRpc,
-        'setSendJsonRpc must be called before starting the health checks'
-      );
+      if (checker !== null) {
+        throw new Error("Can't start the health checker multiple times in parallel");
+      } else if (!sendJsonRpc) {
+        throw new Error('setSendJsonRpc must be called before starting the health checks');
+      }
+
       checker = new InnerChecker(healthCallback, sendJsonRpc);
       checker.update(true);
     },
@@ -216,7 +211,9 @@ class InnerChecker {
       const id: string = parsedResponse.id;
 
       // Need to remove the `extern:` prefix.
-      assert(id.startsWith('extern:'), 'State inconsistency in health checker');
+      if (!id.startsWith('extern:')) {
+        throw new Error('State inconsistency in health checker');
+      }
 
       const newId = JSON.parse(id.slice('extern:'.length)) as string;
 
@@ -283,10 +280,9 @@ class InnerChecker {
   };
 
   startSubscription = (): void => {
-    assert(
-      !this.#currentSubunsubRequestId && !this.#currentSubscriptionId,
-      'Internal error in health checker'
-    );
+    if (this.#currentSubunsubRequestId || this.#currentSubscriptionId) {
+      throw new Error('Internal error in health checker');
+    }
 
     this.#currentSubunsubRequestId = 'health-checker:'.concat(
       this.#nextRequestId.toString()
@@ -303,10 +299,9 @@ class InnerChecker {
   };
 
   endSubscription = (): void => {
-    assert(
-      !this.#currentSubunsubRequestId && this.#currentSubscriptionId,
-      'Internal error in health checker'
-    );
+    if (this.#currentSubunsubRequestId || !this.#currentSubscriptionId) {
+      throw new Error('Internal error in health checker');
+    }
 
     this.#currentSubunsubRequestId = 'health-checker:'.concat(
       this.#nextRequestId.toString()
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/ScProvider.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/ScProvider.ts
index a2a0f85991..ebbb471ded 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/ScProvider.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/substrate-connect/ScProvider.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type { JsonRpcResponse, ProviderInterface, ProviderInterfaceCallback, Pro
 import { Chain, createScClient, ScClient, WellKnownChain } from '@substrate/connect';
 import EventEmitter from 'eventemitter3';
 
-import { assert, isError } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isError } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { RpcCoder } from '../coder';
 import { healthChecker } from './Health';
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   // Config details can be found in @substrate/connect repo following the link:
   // https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-connect/blob/main/packages/connect/src/connector/index.ts
   async connect (config?: ScConfig): Promise<void> {
-    assert(!this.isConnected, 'Already connected!');
+    if (this.isConnected) {
+      throw new Error('Already connected!');
+    }
 
     // it could happen that after emitting `disconnected` due to the fact taht
     // smoldot is syncing, the consumer tries to reconnect after a certain amount
@@ -91,7 +93,10 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
       ? scClients.get(this.#sharedSandbox)
       : createScClient(config);
 
-    assert(client, 'Unkown ScProvider!');
+    if (!client) {
+      throw new Error('Unkown ScProvider!');
+    }
+
     scClients.set(this, client);
 
     const hc = healthChecker();
@@ -156,7 +161,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
 
         const stale = staleSubscriptions.pop();
 
-        assert(stale, 'Unable to get stale subscription');
+        if (!stale) {
+          throw new Error('Unable to get stale subscription');
+        }
 
         const { id, unsubscribeMethod } = stale;
 
@@ -264,7 +271,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   }
 
   public async send<T = any> (method: string, params: unknown[]): Promise<T> {
-    assert(this.isConnected && this.#chain, 'Provider is not connected');
+    if (!this.isConnected || !this.#chain) {
+      throw new Error('Provider is not connected');
+    }
 
     const chain = await this.#chain;
     const [id, json] = this.#coder.encodeJson(method, params);
@@ -302,10 +311,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
     params: any[],
     callback: ProviderInterfaceCallback
   ): Promise<number | string> {
-    assert(
-      subscriptionUnsubscriptionMethods.has(method),
-      `Unsupported subscribe method: ${method}`
-    );
+    if (!subscriptionUnsubscriptionMethods.has(method)) {
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported subscribe method: ${method}`);
+    }
 
     const id = await this.send<number | string>(method, params);
     const subscriptionId = `${type}::${id}`;
@@ -320,7 +328,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
 
     const unsubscribeMethod = subscriptionUnsubscriptionMethods.get(method);
 
-    assert(unsubscribeMethod, 'Invalid unsubscribe method found');
+    if (!unsubscribeMethod) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid unsubscribe method found');
+    }
 
     this.#subscriptions.set(subscriptionId, [cb, { id, unsubscribeMethod }]);
 
@@ -332,10 +342,9 @@ export class ScProvider implements ProviderInterface {
     method: string,
     id: number | string
   ): Promise<boolean> {
-    assert(
-      this.isConnected,
-      'Provider is not connected'
-    );
+    if (!this.isConnected) {
+      throw new Error('Provider is not connected');
+    }
 
     const subscriptionId = `${type}::${id}`;
 
diff --git a/packages/rpc-provider/src/ws/index.ts b/packages/rpc-provider/src/ws/index.ts
index a29befa34b..a55f1182d4 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-provider/src/ws/index.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-provider/src/ws/index.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type { JsonRpcResponse, ProviderInterface, ProviderInterfaceCallback, Pro
 
 import EventEmitter from 'eventemitter3';
 
-import { assert, isChildClass, isNull, isUndefined, logger, objectSpread } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isChildClass, isNull, isUndefined, logger, objectSpread } from '@polkadot/util';
 import { xglobal } from '@polkadot/x-global';
 import { WebSocket } from '@polkadot/x-ws';
 
@@ -122,10 +122,14 @@ export class WsProvider implements ProviderInterface {
       ? endpoint
       : [endpoint];
 
-    assert(endpoints.length !== 0, 'WsProvider requires at least one Endpoint');
+    if (endpoints.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('WsProvider requires at least one Endpoint');
+    }
 
     endpoints.forEach((endpoint) => {
-      assert(/^(wss|ws):\/\//.test(endpoint), () => `Endpoint should start with 'ws://', received '${endpoint}'`);
+      if (!/^(wss|ws):\/\//.test(endpoint)) {
+        throw new Error(`Endpoint should start with 'ws://', received '${endpoint}'`);
+      }
     });
 
     this.#eventemitter = new EventEmitter();
@@ -319,7 +323,9 @@ export class WsProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   async #send <T> (id: number, body: string, method: string, params: unknown[], subscription?: SubscriptionHandler): Promise<T> {
     return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject): void => {
       try {
-        assert(this.isConnected && !isNull(this.#websocket), 'WebSocket is not connected');
+        if (!this.isConnected || this.#websocket === null) {
+          throw new Error('WebSocket is not connected');
+        }
 
         const callback = (error?: Error | null, result?: T): void => {
           error
@@ -531,7 +537,9 @@ export class WsProvider implements ProviderInterface {
   };
 
   #onSocketOpen = (): boolean => {
-    assert(!isNull(this.#websocket), 'WebSocket cannot be null in onOpen');
+    if (this.#websocket === null) {
+      throw new Error('WebSocket cannot be null in onOpen');
+    }
 
     l.debug(() => ['connected to', this.#endpoints[this.#endpointIndex]]);
 
diff --git a/packages/typegen/src/util/file.ts b/packages/typegen/src/util/file.ts
index 9ee28367e4..c5add82543 100644
--- a/packages/typegen/src/util/file.ts
+++ b/packages/typegen/src/util/file.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 
-import { assert } from '@polkadot/util';
-
 import { packageInfo } from '../packageInfo';
 
 export function writeFile (dest: string, generator: () => string, noLog?: boolean): void {
@@ -35,7 +33,9 @@ export function readTemplate (template: string): string {
     .map((p) => path.join(rootDir, p, `${template}.hbs`))
     .find((p) => fs.existsSync(p));
 
-  assert(file, `Unable to locate ${template}.hbs from ${rootDir}`);
+  if (!file) {
+    throw new Error(`Unable to locate ${template}.hbs from ${rootDir}`);
+  }
 
   return fs.readFileSync(file).toString();
 }
diff --git a/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.spec.ts b/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.spec.ts
index f9926bb03f..f6e8d3f3ec 100644
--- a/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.spec.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright 2017-2022 @polkadot/types-known authors & contributors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-import { assert, u8aEq } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { u8aEq } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import all from '.';
 
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ describe('upgrades', (): void => {
     describe(network, (): void => {
       const chain = all.find((n) => n.network === network);
 
-      assert(chain, `Unable to find the entry for ${network}`);
+      if (!chain) {
+        throw new Error(`Unable to find the entry for ${network}`);
+      }
 
       it('has a valid genesisHash', (): void => {
         expect(u8aEq(chain.genesisHash, genesisHash)).toBe(true);
diff --git a/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.ts b/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.ts
index d522fe8c84..b9fa2cb303 100644
--- a/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.ts
+++ b/packages/types-known/src/upgrades/index.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type { ChainUpgrades } from '@polkadot/types/types';
 import type { ChainUpgradesRaw } from './types';
 
 import { selectableNetworks } from '@polkadot/networks';
-import { assert, BN, hexToU8a, stringify } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { BN, hexToU8a, stringify } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import kusama from './kusama';
 import polkadot from './polkadot';
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ function checkOrder (network: string, versions: ChainUpgradesRaw): [number, numb
       : curr[0] <= prev[0] || curr[1] <= prev[1];
   });
 
-  assert(!ooo.length, () => `${network}: Mismatched upgrade ordering: ${stringify(ooo)}`);
+  if (ooo.length) {
+    throw new Error(`${network}: Mismatched upgrade ordering: ${stringify(ooo)}`);
+  }
 
   return versions;
 }
@@ -39,7 +41,9 @@ function checkOrder (network: string, versions: ChainUpgradesRaw): [number, numb
 function mapRaw ([network, versions]: [string, ChainUpgradesRaw]): ChainUpgrades {
   const chain = selectableNetworks.find((n) => n.network === network) || NET_EXTRA[network];
 
-  assert(chain, () => `Unable to find info for chain ${network}`);
+  if (!chain) {
+    throw new Error(`Unable to find info for chain ${network}`);
+  }
 
   return {
     genesisHash: hexToU8a(chain.genesisHash[0]),
diff --git a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/Extrinsic.ts b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/Extrinsic.ts
index ba68f232e6..ffbb069378 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/Extrinsic.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/Extrinsic.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import type { GenericExtrinsicEra } from './ExtrinsicEra';
 import type { ExtrinsicValueV4 } from './v4/Extrinsic';
 
 import { AbstractBase } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, compactAddLength, compactFromU8a, compactToU8a, isHex, isU8a, objectProperty, objectSpread, u8aConcat, u8aToHex, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { compactAddLength, compactFromU8a, compactToU8a, isHex, isU8a, objectProperty, objectSpread, u8aConcat, u8aToHex, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { BIT_SIGNED, BIT_UNSIGNED, DEFAULT_VERSION, UNMASK_VERSION } from './constants';
 
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ function decodeU8a (registry: Registry, value: Uint8Array, version: number): Ext
   const [offset, length] = compactFromU8a(value);
   const total = offset + length.toNumber();
 
-  assert(total <= value.length, () => `Extrinsic: length less than remainder, expected at least ${total}, found ${value.length}`);
+  if (total > value.length) {
+    throw new Error(`Extrinsic: length less than remainder, expected at least ${total}, found ${value.length}`);
+  }
 
   const data = value.subarray(offset, total);
 
diff --git a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/ExtrinsicEra.ts b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/ExtrinsicEra.ts
index 4bd9f5f17b..a33ae97a27 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/ExtrinsicEra.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/ExtrinsicEra.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type { BN } from '@polkadot/util';
 import type { IExtrinsicEra, INumber } from '../types';
 
 import { Enum, Raw, Tuple, U64 } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, bnToBn, formatNumber, hexToU8a, isHex, isObject, isU8a, u8aToBn, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { bnToBn, formatNumber, hexToU8a, isHex, isObject, isU8a, u8aToBn, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { IMMORTAL_ERA } from './constants';
 
@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ function decodeMortalU8a (registry: Registry, value: Uint8Array): MortalEraValue
   const quantizeFactor = Math.max(period >> 12, 1);
   const phase = (encoded >> 4) * quantizeFactor;
 
-  assert(period >= 4 && phase < period, 'Invalid data passed to Mortal era');
+  if (period < 4 || phase >= period) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid data passed to Mortal era');
+  }
 
   return [new U64(registry, period), new U64(registry, phase)];
 }
@@ -255,7 +257,9 @@ export class GenericExtrinsicEra extends Enum implements IExtrinsicEra {
    * @description Returns the item as a [[ImmortalEra]]
    */
   public get asImmortalEra (): ImmortalEra {
-    assert(this.isImmortalEra, () => `Cannot convert '${this.type}' via asImmortalEra`);
+    if (!this.isImmortalEra) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot convert '${this.type}' via asImmortalEra`);
+    }
 
     return this.inner as ImmortalEra;
   }
@@ -264,7 +268,9 @@ export class GenericExtrinsicEra extends Enum implements IExtrinsicEra {
    * @description Returns the item as a [[MortalEra]]
    */
   public get asMortalEra (): MortalEra {
-    assert(this.isMortalEra, () => `Cannot convert '${this.type}' via asMortalEra`);
+    if (!this.isMortalEra) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot convert '${this.type}' via asMortalEra`);
+    }
 
     return this.inner as MortalEra;
   }
diff --git a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/v4/ExtrinsicSignature.ts b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/v4/ExtrinsicSignature.ts
index cabf34197b..af47c96743 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/extrinsic/v4/ExtrinsicSignature.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/extrinsic/v4/ExtrinsicSignature.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type { ExtrinsicPayloadValue, ICompact, IExtrinsicSignature, IKeyringPair
 import type { ExtrinsicSignatureOptions } from '../types';
 
 import { Struct } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, isU8a, isUndefined, objectProperties, objectSpread, stringify, u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isU8a, isUndefined, objectProperties, objectSpread, stringify, u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { EMPTY_U8A, IMMORTAL_ERA } from '../constants';
 import { GenericExtrinsicPayloadV4 } from './ExtrinsicPayload';
@@ -165,7 +165,9 @@ export class GenericExtrinsicSignatureV4 extends Struct implements IExtrinsicSig
    * @description Generate a payload and applies the signature from a keypair
    */
   public sign (method: Call, account: IKeyringPair, options: SignatureOptions): IExtrinsicSignature {
-    assert(account && account.addressRaw, () => `Expected a valid keypair for signing, found ${stringify(account)}`);
+    if (!account || !account.addressRaw) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected a valid keypair for signing, found ${stringify(account)}`);
+    }
 
     const payload = this.createPayload(method, options);
 
@@ -180,7 +182,9 @@ export class GenericExtrinsicSignatureV4 extends Struct implements IExtrinsicSig
    * @description Generate a payload and applies a fake signature
    */
   public signFake (method: Call, address: Address | Uint8Array | string, options: SignatureOptions): IExtrinsicSignature {
-    assert(address, () => `Expected a valid address for signing, found ${stringify(address)}`);
+    if (!address) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected a valid address for signing, found ${stringify(address)}`);
+    }
 
     const payload = this.createPayload(method, options);
 
diff --git a/packages/types/src/generic/AccountId.ts b/packages/types/src/generic/AccountId.ts
index 356c0fc046..57a228672f 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/generic/AccountId.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/generic/AccountId.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import type { AnyString, AnyU8a, Registry } from '@polkadot/types-codec/types';
 
 import { U8aFixed } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, hexToU8a, isHex, isString, isU8a, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { hexToU8a, isHex, isString, isU8a, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 import { decodeAddress, encodeAddress } from '@polkadot/util-crypto';
 
 /** @internal */
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ export class GenericAccountId extends U8aFixed {
     const decoded = decodeAccountId(value);
 
     // Part of stream containing >= 32 bytes or a all empty (defaults)
-    assert(decoded.length >= 32 || !decoded.some((b) => b), () => `Invalid AccountId provided, expected 32 bytes, found ${decoded.length}`);
+    if (decoded.length < 32 && decoded.some((b) => b)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid AccountId provided, expected 32 bytes, found ${decoded.length}`);
+    }
 
     super(registry, decoded, 256);
   }
diff --git a/packages/types/src/primitive/Data.ts b/packages/types/src/primitive/Data.ts
index ad159d429c..e7f9c1538e 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/primitive/Data.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/primitive/Data.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type { IU8a, Registry } from '@polkadot/types-codec/types';
 import type { H256 } from '../interfaces/runtime';
 
 import { Bytes, Enum } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, isString, isU8a, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isString, isU8a, u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 /** @internal */
 function decodeDataU8a (registry: Registry, value: Uint8Array): [undefined | Uint8Array, number | undefined] {
@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ export class Data extends Enum {
       ShaThree256: 'H256' // 5
     }, ...decodeData(registry, value));
 
-    assert(!this.isRaw || this.asRaw.length <= 32, 'Data.Raw values are limited to a maximum length of 32 bytes');
+    if (this.isRaw && this.asRaw.length > 32) {
+      throw new Error('Data.Raw values are limited to a maximum length of 32 bytes');
+    }
   }
 
   public get asBlakeTwo256 (): H256 {
diff --git a/packages/types/src/primitive/StorageKey.ts b/packages/types/src/primitive/StorageKey.ts
index 271886b712..594a7fbf07 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/primitive/StorageKey.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/primitive/StorageKey.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type { InterfaceTypes, IStorageKey, Registry } from '../types';
 import type { StorageEntry } from './types';
 
 import { Bytes } from '@polkadot/types-codec';
-import { assert, isFunction, isString, isU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+import { isFunction, isString, isU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { getSiName } from '../metadata/util';
 
@@ -71,12 +71,16 @@ function decodeStorageKey (value?: string | Uint8Array | StorageKey | StorageEnt
   } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
     const [fn, args = []] = value;
 
-    assert(isFunction(fn), 'Expected function input for key construction');
+    if (!isFunction(fn)) {
+      throw new Error('Expected function input for key construction');
+    }
 
     if (fn.meta && fn.meta.type.isMap) {
       const map = fn.meta.type.asMap;
 
-      assert(Array.isArray(args) && args.length === map.hashers.length, () => `Expected an array of ${map.hashers.length} values as params to a Map query`);
+      if (!Array.isArray(args) || args.length !== map.hashers.length) {
+        throw new Error(`Expected an array of ${map.hashers.length} values as params to a Map query`);
+      }
     }
 
     return {