## What changed
On Linux and macOS, strip the packaged copies of source-built release entrypoint and `codex-code-mode-host` binaries while retaining symbols in the original build outputs.
Add `--strip auto|all|none` and `--strip-tool`. The default `auto` preserves prebuilt inputs and other build profiles; `all` also strips those package copies, and `none` disables stripping. Select target-compatible strip tools and fail on missing tools or strip errors. Leave third-party resources unchanged.
## Testing
Add a regression test that compiles an executable with debug information, verifies stripped package binaries are smaller and still runnable, and checks that original inputs, preserved package copies, and third-party resources remain byte-for-byte unchanged.
GitOrigin-RevId: dc363c04690aa9e772690417a52a8eff31650278
