diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
index e81f4476f4..9b405eb9d1 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ async fn inactive_thread_approval_bubbles_into_active_view() -> Result<()> {
             ThreadSessionState {
                 approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
                 sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-                permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+                permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
                 rollout_path: Some(test_path_buf("/tmp/agent-rollout.jsonl")),
                 ..test_thread_session(agent_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/agent"))
             },
@@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ async fn side_defers_subagent_approval_overlay_until_side_exits() -> Result<()>
             ThreadSessionState {
                 approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
                 sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-                permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+                permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
                 rollout_path: Some(test_path_buf("/tmp/agent-rollout.jsonl")),
                 ..test_thread_session(agent_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/agent"))
             },
@@ -2591,7 +2591,7 @@ async fn inactive_thread_approval_badge_clears_after_turn_completion_notificatio
             ThreadSessionState {
                 approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
                 sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-                permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+                permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
                 rollout_path: Some(test_path_buf("/tmp/agent-rollout.jsonl")),
                 ..test_thread_session(agent_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/agent"))
             },
@@ -2645,7 +2645,7 @@ async fn inactive_thread_started_notification_initializes_replay_session() -> Re
     let primary_session = ThreadSessionState {
         approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
         sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-        permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+        permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
         ..test_thread_session(main_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/main"))
     };
 
@@ -2758,7 +2758,7 @@ async fn inactive_thread_started_notification_preserves_primary_model_when_path_
     let primary_session = ThreadSessionState {
         approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
         sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-        permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+        permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
         ..test_thread_session(main_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/main"))
     };
 
@@ -2827,7 +2827,7 @@ async fn thread_read_session_state_does_not_reuse_primary_permission_profile() {
     let primary_session = ThreadSessionState {
         approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
         sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-        permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::workspace_write()),
+        permission_profile: PermissionProfile::workspace_write(),
         ..test_thread_session(main_thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/main"))
     };
     app.primary_session_configured = Some(primary_session);
@@ -2858,10 +2858,17 @@ async fn thread_read_session_state_does_not_reuse_primary_permission_profile() {
 
     assert_eq!(session.thread_id, read_thread_id);
     assert_eq!(session.cwd.as_path(), test_path_buf("/tmp/read").as_path());
+    let expected_permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
+        &app.config
+            .permissions
+            .legacy_sandbox_policy(thread.cwd.as_path()),
+        thread.cwd.as_path(),
+    );
     assert_eq!(
-        session.permission_profile, None,
-        "thread/read does not return an authoritative permission profile; reusing the primary \
-         session profile would reinterpret cwd-bound entries against the read thread cwd"
+        session.permission_profile, expected_permission_profile,
+        "thread/read does not return authoritative server permissions; the fallback profile must \
+         be rebuilt from local legacy settings against the read thread cwd rather than reusing \
+         the primary session profile"
     );
 }
 
@@ -3727,7 +3734,7 @@ fn test_thread_session(thread_id: ThreadId, cwd: PathBuf) -> ThreadSessionState
         approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
         approvals_reviewer: ApprovalsReviewer::User,
         sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-        permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
+        permission_profile: PermissionProfile::read_only(),
         cwd: cwd.abs(),
         instruction_source_paths: Vec::new(),
         reasoning_effort: None,
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_events.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_events.rs
index daf743b467..931869f19e 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_events.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_events.rs
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ mod tests {
             approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
             approvals_reviewer: ApprovalsReviewer::User,
             sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-            permission_profile: Some(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
+            permission_profile: PermissionProfile::read_only(),
             cwd: cwd.abs(),
             instruction_source_paths: Vec::new(),
             reasoning_effort: None,
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_session_state.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_session_state.rs
index b4d0fb2684..db02eca7dc 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_session_state.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_session_state.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use crate::app_server_session::ThreadSessionState;
 use crate::read_session_model;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::Thread;
 use codex_protocol::ThreadId;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 
 impl App {
     pub(super) async fn sync_active_thread_permission_settings_to_cached_session(&mut self) {
@@ -16,12 +17,11 @@ impl App {
             .config
             .permissions
             .legacy_sandbox_policy(self.config.cwd.as_path());
-        let permission_profile = Some(
-            self.chat_widget
-                .config_ref()
-                .permissions
-                .permission_profile(),
-        );
+        let permission_profile = self
+            .chat_widget
+            .config_ref()
+            .permissions
+            .permission_profile();
         let update_session = |session: &mut ThreadSessionState| {
             session.approval_policy = approval_policy;
             session.approvals_reviewer = approvals_reviewer;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl App {
         let sandbox_policy = self
             .config
             .permissions
-            .legacy_sandbox_policy(self.config.cwd.as_path());
+            .legacy_sandbox_policy(thread.cwd.as_path());
         let mut session = self
             .primary_session_configured
             .clone()
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl App {
                 approval_policy: self.config.permissions.approval_policy.value(),
                 approvals_reviewer: self.config.approvals_reviewer,
                 sandbox_policy,
-                permission_profile: None,
+                permission_profile: self.legacy_permission_profile_for_cwd(thread.cwd.as_path()),
                 cwd: thread.cwd.clone(),
                 instruction_source_paths: Vec::new(),
                 reasoning_effort: self.chat_widget.current_reasoning_effort(),
@@ -79,7 +79,11 @@ impl App {
         session.thread_name = thread.name.clone();
         session.model_provider_id = thread.model_provider.clone();
         session.cwd = thread.cwd.clone();
-        session.permission_profile = None;
+        session.sandbox_policy = self
+            .config
+            .permissions
+            .legacy_sandbox_policy(thread.cwd.as_path());
+        session.permission_profile = self.legacy_permission_profile_for_cwd(thread.cwd.as_path());
         session.instruction_source_paths = Vec::new();
         session.rollout_path = thread.path.clone();
         if let Some(model) =
@@ -93,6 +97,11 @@ impl App {
         session.history_entry_count = 0;
         session
     }
+
+    fn legacy_permission_profile_for_cwd(&self, cwd: &std::path::Path) -> PermissionProfile {
+        let sandbox_policy = self.config.permissions.legacy_sandbox_policy(cwd);
+        PermissionProfile::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(&sandbox_policy, cwd)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -128,7 +137,7 @@ mod tests {
             approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
             approvals_reviewer: ApprovalsReviewer::User,
             sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-            permission_profile: None,
+            permission_profile: PermissionProfile::read_only(),
             cwd: cwd.abs(),
             instruction_source_paths: Vec::new(),
             reasoning_effort: None,
@@ -202,7 +211,7 @@ mod tests {
             approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
             approvals_reviewer: ApprovalsReviewer::AutoReview,
             sandbox_policy: expected_sandbox_policy,
-            permission_profile: Some(expected_permission_profile),
+            permission_profile: expected_permission_profile,
             ..main_session
         };
         assert_eq!(
@@ -256,7 +265,7 @@ mod tests {
             NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
         );
         let session = ThreadSessionState {
-            permission_profile: Some(profile.clone()),
+            permission_profile: profile.clone(),
             ..test_thread_session(thread_id, test_path_buf("/tmp/main"))
         };
 
@@ -276,7 +285,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let expected_session = ThreadSessionState {
             approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnRequest,
-            permission_profile: Some(profile),
+            permission_profile: profile,
             ..session
         };
         assert_eq!(
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app_server_session.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app_server_session.rs
index 11779c204c..5a33896dd3 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app_server_session.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app_server_session.rs
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@ pub(crate) struct ThreadSessionState {
     pub(crate) service_tier: Option<codex_protocol::config_types::ServiceTier>,
     pub(crate) approval_policy: AskForApproval,
     pub(crate) approvals_reviewer: codex_protocol::config_types::ApprovalsReviewer,
-    /// Legacy sandbox projection kept for compatibility. Use this only when
-    /// `permission_profile` is `None`.
+    /// Legacy sandbox projection kept only for compatibility fields that have
+    /// not migrated to `PermissionProfile` yet.
     pub(crate) sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
-    /// Canonical active permissions when available. Consumers should prefer
-    /// this over `sandbox_policy`; `None` means the session only has a legacy
-    /// sandbox projection.
-    pub(crate) permission_profile: Option<PermissionProfile>,
+    /// Canonical active permissions for this session. Legacy app-server
+    /// responses are converted to a profile at ingestion time using the
+    /// response cwd so cached sessions do not reinterpret cwd-bound grants.
+    pub(crate) permission_profile: PermissionProfile,
     pub(crate) cwd: AbsolutePathBuf,
     pub(crate) instruction_source_paths: Vec<AbsolutePathBuf>,
     pub(crate) reasoning_effort: Option<codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffort>,
@@ -1407,6 +1407,8 @@ async fn thread_session_state_from_thread_response(
         .map_err(|err| format!("forked_from_id is invalid: {err}"))?;
     let (history_log_id, history_entry_count) = message_history_metadata(config).await;
     let history_entry_count = u64::try_from(history_entry_count).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
+    let permission_profile =
+        permission_profile_from_response_permissions(&sandbox_policy, permission_profile, &cwd);
 
     Ok(ThreadSessionState {
         thread_id,
@@ -1430,6 +1432,16 @@ async fn thread_session_state_from_thread_response(
     })
 }
 
+fn permission_profile_from_response_permissions(
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    permission_profile: Option<PermissionProfile>,
+    cwd: &AbsolutePathBuf,
+) -> PermissionProfile {
+    permission_profile.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        PermissionProfile::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(sandbox_policy, cwd.as_path())
+    })
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn app_server_rate_limit_snapshots_to_core(
     response: GetAccountRateLimitsResponse,
 ) -> Vec<RateLimitSnapshot> {
@@ -1770,7 +1782,11 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(
             started.session.permission_profile,
-            response.permission_profile.clone().map(Into::into)
+            response
+                .permission_profile
+                .clone()
+                .map(Into::into)
+                .expect("response includes profile")
         );
         assert_eq!(started.turns.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(started.turns[0], response.thread.turns[0]);
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
index 1c08c77486..c167d04b49 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ fn thread_session_state_to_legacy_event(
         approval_policy: session.approval_policy,
         approvals_reviewer: session.approvals_reviewer,
         sandbox_policy: session.sandbox_policy,
-        permission_profile: session.permission_profile,
+        permission_profile: Some(session.permission_profile),
         cwd: session.cwd,
         reasoning_effort: session.reasoning_effort,
         history_log_id: session.history_log_id,