diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
index 51b1c48c83..b1cb0074cb 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::fuzzy_file_search::FuzzyFileSearchSession;
 use crate::fuzzy_file_search::run_fuzzy_file_search;
 use crate::fuzzy_file_search::start_fuzzy_file_search_session;
 use crate::models::supported_models;
+use crate::otel_reload::OtelReloader;
 use crate::outgoing_message::ConnectionId;
 use crate::outgoing_message::ConnectionRequestId;
 use crate::outgoing_message::OutgoingMessageSender;
@@ -488,6 +489,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CodexMessageProcessor {
     background_tasks: TaskTracker,
     feedback: CodexFeedback,
     log_db: Option<LogDbLayer>,
+    otel_reloader: Option<OtelReloader>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -509,6 +511,7 @@ struct ListenerTaskContext {
     thread_watch_manager: ThreadWatchManager,
     fallback_model_provider: String,
     codex_home: PathBuf,
+    otel_reloader: Option<OtelReloader>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -640,6 +643,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CodexMessageProcessorArgs {
     pub(crate) cloud_requirements: Arc<RwLock<CloudRequirementsLoader>>,
     pub(crate) feedback: CodexFeedback,
     pub(crate) log_db: Option<LogDbLayer>,
+    pub(crate) otel_reloader: Option<OtelReloader>,
 }
 
 impl CodexMessageProcessor {
@@ -718,6 +722,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             cloud_requirements,
             feedback,
             log_db,
+            otel_reloader,
         } = args;
         Self {
             auth_manager,
@@ -740,6 +745,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             background_tasks: TaskTracker::new(),
             feedback,
             log_db,
+            otel_reloader,
         }
     }
 
@@ -2420,6 +2426,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             thread_watch_manager: self.thread_watch_manager.clone(),
             fallback_model_provider: self.config.model_provider_id.clone(),
             codex_home: self.config.codex_home.to_path_buf(),
+            otel_reloader: self.otel_reloader.clone(),
         };
         let request_trace = request_context.request_trace();
         let runtime_feature_enablement = self.current_runtime_feature_enablement();
@@ -2621,6 +2628,27 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             };
         }
 
+        if let Some(otel_reloader) = listener_task_context.otel_reloader.as_ref() {
+            let otel_reload_error = otel_reloader
+                .reload_from_config(&config)
+                .err()
+                .map(|err| err.to_string());
+            if let Some(err) = otel_reload_error {
+                listener_task_context
+                    .outgoing
+                    .send_error(
+                        request_id,
+                        JSONRPCErrorError {
+                            code: INTERNAL_ERROR_CODE,
+                            message: format!("failed to reload otel config: {err}"),
+                            data: None,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .await;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
         let instruction_sources = Self::instruction_sources_from_config(&config).await;
         let dynamic_tools = dynamic_tools.unwrap_or_default();
         let core_dynamic_tools = if dynamic_tools.is_empty() {
@@ -7936,6 +7964,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 thread_watch_manager: self.thread_watch_manager.clone(),
                 fallback_model_provider: self.config.model_provider_id.clone(),
                 codex_home: self.config.codex_home.to_path_buf(),
+                otel_reloader: self.otel_reloader.clone(),
             },
             conversation_id,
             connection_id,
@@ -8050,6 +8079,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 thread_watch_manager: self.thread_watch_manager.clone(),
                 fallback_model_provider: self.config.model_provider_id.clone(),
                 codex_home: self.config.codex_home.to_path_buf(),
+                otel_reloader: self.otel_reloader.clone(),
             },
             conversation_id,
             conversation,
@@ -8099,6 +8129,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             thread_watch_manager,
             fallback_model_provider,
             codex_home,
+            otel_reloader: _,
         } = listener_task_context;
         let outgoing_for_task = Arc::clone(&outgoing);
         tokio::spawn(async move {
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/in_process.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/in_process.rs
index 4458bce89d..bcbf8a4ac7 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/in_process.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/in_process.rs
@@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ fn start_uninitialized(args: InProcessStartArgs) -> InProcessClientHandle {
                 auth_manager,
                 rpc_transport: AppServerRpcTransport::InProcess,
                 remote_control_handle: None,
+                otel_reloader: None,
             }));
             let mut thread_created_rx = processor.thread_created_receiver();
             let session = Arc::new(ConnectionSessionState::default());
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/lib.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/lib.rs
index b7b099960b..6bf9d1fb3b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/lib.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ mod fuzzy_file_search;
 pub mod in_process;
 mod message_processor;
 mod models;
+mod otel_reload;
 mod outgoing_message;
 mod server_request_error;
 mod thread_state;
@@ -516,15 +517,16 @@ pub async fn run_main_with_transport(
     let log_db_layer = log_db
         .clone()
         .map(|layer| layer.with_filter(Targets::new().with_default(Level::TRACE)));
-    let otel_logger_layer = otel.as_ref().and_then(|o| o.logger_layer());
-    let otel_tracing_layer = otel.as_ref().and_then(|o| o.tracing_layer());
+    let otel_tracing_layer = otel.as_ref().and_then(|provider| provider.tracing_layer());
+    let (otel_layer, otel_reloader) =
+        otel_reload::OtelReloader::new(&config, otel, default_analytics_enabled);
     let _ = tracing_subscriber::registry()
         .with(stderr_fmt)
+        .with(otel_layer)
+        .with(otel_tracing_layer)
         .with(feedback_layer)
         .with(feedback_metadata_layer)
         .with(log_db_layer)
-        .with(otel_logger_layer)
-        .with(otel_tracing_layer)
         .try_init();
     for warning in &config_warnings {
         match &warning.details {
@@ -666,6 +668,7 @@ pub async fn run_main_with_transport(
             auth_manager,
             rpc_transport: analytics_rpc_transport(transport),
             remote_control_handle: Some(remote_control_handle),
+            otel_reloader: Some(otel_reloader.clone()),
         }));
         let mut thread_created_rx = processor.thread_created_receiver();
         let mut running_turn_count_rx = processor.subscribe_running_assistant_turn_count();
@@ -887,9 +890,7 @@ pub async fn run_main_with_transport(
         let _ = handle.await;
     }
 
-    if let Some(otel) = otel {
-        otel.shutdown();
-    }
+    otel_reloader.shutdown();
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor.rs
index da72af81c5..a486cb84b6 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use crate::error_code::INVALID_REQUEST_ERROR_CODE;
 use crate::external_agent_config_api::ExternalAgentConfigApi;
 use crate::fs_api::FsApi;
 use crate::fs_watch::FsWatchManager;
+use crate::otel_reload::OtelReloader;
 use crate::outgoing_message::ConnectionId;
 use crate::outgoing_message::ConnectionRequestId;
 use crate::outgoing_message::OutgoingMessageSender;
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ pub(crate) struct MessageProcessorArgs {
     pub(crate) auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>,
     pub(crate) rpc_transport: AppServerRpcTransport,
     pub(crate) remote_control_handle: Option<RemoteControlHandle>,
+    pub(crate) otel_reloader: Option<OtelReloader>,
 }
 
 impl MessageProcessor {
@@ -263,6 +265,7 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
             auth_manager,
             rpc_transport,
             remote_control_handle,
+            otel_reloader,
         } = args;
         auth_manager.set_external_auth(Arc::new(ExternalAuthRefreshBridge {
             outgoing: outgoing.clone(),
@@ -303,6 +306,7 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
             cloud_requirements: cloud_requirements.clone(),
             feedback,
             log_db,
+            otel_reloader,
         });
         // Keep plugin startup warmups aligned at app-server startup.
         // TODO(xl): Move into PluginManager once this no longer depends on config feature gating.
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor/tracing_tests.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor/tracing_tests.rs
index c1bb995bab..124d0efb7b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor/tracing_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor/tracing_tests.rs
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ fn build_test_processor(
         auth_manager,
         rpc_transport: AppServerRpcTransport::Stdio,
         remote_control_handle: None,
+        otel_reloader: None,
     }));
     (processor, outgoing_rx)
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/otel_reload.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/otel_reload.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7404125318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/otel_reload.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+//! App-server OpenTelemetry reloading for configuration resolved after startup.
+//!
+//! The app server installs its tracing subscriber once, but `thread/start` can
+//! later load project-scoped config from the requested cwd. This module keeps
+//! the installed log layer stable while swapping the underlying OTel provider
+//! when that effective thread config changes.
+
+use codex_config::types::OtelConfig;
+use codex_core::config::Config;
+use codex_otel::OtelLoggerLayer;
+use codex_otel::OtelProvider;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct OtelProviderKey {
+    otel: OtelConfig,
+    analytics_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    default_analytics_enabled: bool,
+}
+
+struct OtelReloadState {
+    key: Option<OtelProviderKey>,
+    provider: Option<OtelProvider>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct OtelReloader {
+    logger_layer: OtelLoggerLayer,
+    state: Arc<Mutex<OtelReloadState>>,
+    default_analytics_enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl OtelReloader {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        initial_config: &Config,
+        provider: Option<OtelProvider>,
+        default_analytics_enabled: bool,
+    ) -> (OtelLoggerLayer, OtelReloader) {
+        let logger_layer = OtelLoggerLayer::from_provider(provider.as_ref());
+        (
+            logger_layer.clone(),
+            OtelReloader {
+                logger_layer,
+                state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(OtelReloadState {
+                    key: Some(provider_key(initial_config, default_analytics_enabled)),
+                    provider,
+                })),
+                default_analytics_enabled,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn reload_from_config(&self, config: &Config) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let next_key = provider_key(config, self.default_analytics_enabled);
+        {
+            let state = self
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+            if state.key.as_ref() == Some(&next_key) {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let next_provider = codex_core::otel_init::build_provider(
+            config,
+            env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+            Some("codex-app-server"),
+            self.default_analytics_enabled,
+        )?;
+        self.logger_layer.replace_provider(next_provider.as_ref());
+
+        let mut state = self
+            .state
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+        state.key = Some(next_key);
+        state.provider = next_provider;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&self) {
+        self.logger_layer.replace_provider(None);
+        let mut state = self
+            .state
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+        state.provider.take();
+    }
+}
+
+fn provider_key(config: &Config, default_analytics_enabled: bool) -> OtelProviderKey {
+    OtelProviderKey {
+        otel: config.otel.clone(),
+        analytics_enabled: config.analytics_enabled,
+        default_analytics_enabled,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use codex_config::types::OtelExporterKind;
+    use codex_config::types::OtelHttpProtocol;
+    use codex_core::config::ConfigBuilder;
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+    use tempfile::TempDir;
+    use tokio::time::timeout;
+    use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;
+    use wiremock::Mock;
+    use wiremock::MockServer;
+    use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
+    use wiremock::matchers::method;
+    use wiremock::matchers::path;
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+    async fn reload_from_config_updates_log_exporter() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let server = MockServer::start().await;
+        Mock::given(method("POST"))
+            .and(path("/v1/logs"))
+            .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200))
+            .mount(&server)
+            .await;
+
+        let codex_home = TempDir::new()?;
+        let initial_config = ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .codex_home(codex_home.path().to_path_buf())
+            .build()
+            .await?;
+        let (layer, reloader) = OtelReloader::new(&initial_config, /*provider*/ None, false);
+        let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::registry().with(layer);
+        let _guard = tracing::subscriber::set_default(subscriber);
+
+        let mut project_config = initial_config.clone();
+        project_config.otel.exporter = OtelExporterKind::OtlpHttp {
+            endpoint: format!("{}/v1/logs", server.uri()),
+            headers: HashMap::new(),
+            protocol: OtelHttpProtocol::Json,
+            tls: None,
+        };
+
+        reloader.reload_from_config(&project_config)?;
+        tracing::event!(
+            target: "codex_otel.log_only",
+            tracing::Level::INFO,
+            event.name = "codex.reload_test",
+        );
+        reloader.shutdown();
+
+        let body = wait_for_otel_logs_payload(&server).await?;
+        let body = String::from_utf8(body)?;
+        assert!(
+            body.contains("codex.reload_test"),
+            "expected reloaded OTEL logs to include test event; body prefix: {}",
+            body.chars().take(2000).collect::<String>()
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn wait_for_otel_logs_payload(server: &MockServer) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let body = timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), async {
+            loop {
+                let Some(requests) = server.received_requests().await else {
+                    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)).await;
+                    continue;
+                };
+                if let Some(request) = requests
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|request| request.method == "POST" && request.url.path() == "/v1/logs")
+                {
+                    return Ok::<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error>>(request.body.clone());
+                }
+                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)).await;
+            }
+        })
+        .await??;
+        Ok(body)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/otel/src/lib.rs b/codex-rs/otel/src/lib.rs
index c7d0b7c419..854768cd39 100644
--- a/codex-rs/otel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/otel/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub(crate) mod config;
 mod events;
+mod logger_layer;
 pub(crate) mod metrics;
 pub(crate) mod provider;
 pub(crate) mod trace_context;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ pub use crate::config::OtelTlsConfig;
 pub use crate::events::session_telemetry::AuthEnvTelemetryMetadata;
 pub use crate::events::session_telemetry::SessionTelemetry;
 pub use crate::events::session_telemetry::SessionTelemetryMetadata;
+pub use crate::logger_layer::OtelLoggerLayer;
 pub use crate::metrics::runtime_metrics::RuntimeMetricTotals;
 pub use crate::metrics::runtime_metrics::RuntimeMetricsSummary;
 pub use crate::metrics::timer::Timer;
diff --git a/codex-rs/otel/src/logger_layer.rs b/codex-rs/otel/src/logger_layer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e4781210e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/otel/src/logger_layer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+//! Reloadable OpenTelemetry log layer.
+//!
+//! This layer stays registered with `tracing-subscriber` while allowing callers
+//! to replace the OTel logger provider behind it. It is used by long-lived
+//! processes that discover their effective telemetry config after subscriber
+//! initialization.
+
+use crate::OtelProvider;
+use opentelemetry_appender_tracing::layer::OpenTelemetryTracingBridge;
+use opentelemetry_sdk::logs::SdkLoggerProvider;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::RwLock;
+use tracing::subscriber::Interest;
+use tracing_subscriber::Layer;
+use tracing_subscriber::layer::Context;
+use tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan;
+
+type LoggerBridge = OpenTelemetryTracingBridge<
+    SdkLoggerProvider,
+    <SdkLoggerProvider as opentelemetry::logs::LoggerProvider>::Logger,
+>;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct OtelLoggerLayer {
+    bridge: Arc<RwLock<Option<LoggerBridge>>>,
+}
+
+impl OtelLoggerLayer {
+    pub fn from_provider(provider: Option<&OtelProvider>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bridge: Arc::new(RwLock::new(logger_bridge(provider))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace_provider(&self, provider: Option<&OtelProvider>) {
+        let mut bridge = self
+            .bridge
+            .write()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+        *bridge = logger_bridge(provider);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> Layer<S> for OtelLoggerLayer
+where
+    S: tracing::Subscriber + for<'span> LookupSpan<'span>,
+{
+    fn register_callsite(&self, metadata: &'static tracing::Metadata<'static>) -> Interest {
+        if OtelProvider::log_export_filter(metadata) {
+            Interest::sometimes()
+        } else {
+            Interest::never()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn enabled(&self, metadata: &tracing::Metadata<'_>, _ctx: Context<'_, S>) -> bool {
+        if !OtelProvider::log_export_filter(metadata) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        self.bridge
+            .read()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
+            .is_some()
+    }
+
+    fn on_event(&self, event: &tracing::Event<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>) {
+        if !OtelProvider::log_export_filter(event.metadata()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let bridge = self
+            .bridge
+            .read()
+            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+        if let Some(bridge) = bridge.as_ref() {
+            bridge.on_event(event, ctx);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn logger_bridge(provider: Option<&OtelProvider>) -> Option<LoggerBridge> {
+    provider
+        .and_then(|provider| provider.logger.as_ref())
+        .map(OpenTelemetryTracingBridge::new)
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/otel/src/metrics/mod.rs b/codex-rs/otel/src/metrics/mod.rs
index bcbb85d35c..43bafb12a2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/otel/src/metrics/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/otel/src/metrics/mod.rs
@@ -14,14 +14,25 @@ pub use crate::metrics::error::MetricsError;
 pub use crate::metrics::error::Result;
 pub use names::*;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
+use std::sync::RwLock;
 pub use tags::SessionMetricTagValues;
 
-static GLOBAL_METRICS: OnceLock<MetricsClient> = OnceLock::new();
+static GLOBAL_METRICS: OnceLock<RwLock<Option<MetricsClient>>> = OnceLock::new();
 
-pub(crate) fn install_global(metrics: MetricsClient) {
-    let _ = GLOBAL_METRICS.set(metrics);
+fn global_metrics() -> &'static RwLock<Option<MetricsClient>> {
+    GLOBAL_METRICS.get_or_init(|| RwLock::new(None))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn replace_global(metrics: Option<MetricsClient>) {
+    let mut global = global_metrics()
+        .write()
+        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
+    *global = metrics;
 }
 
 pub fn global() -> Option<MetricsClient> {
-    GLOBAL_METRICS.get().cloned()
+    global_metrics()
+        .read()
+        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
+        .clone()
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/otel/src/provider.rs b/codex-rs/otel/src/provider.rs
index b6df9f5ad2..7850fabdf9 100644
--- a/codex-rs/otel/src/provider.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/otel/src/provider.rs
@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ impl OtelProvider {
             Some(MetricsClient::new(config)?)
         };
 
-        if let Some(metrics) = metrics.as_ref() {
-            crate::metrics::install_global(metrics.clone());
-        }
+        crate::metrics::replace_global(metrics.clone());
 
         if !log_enabled && !trace_enabled && metrics.is_none() {
             debug!("No OTEL exporter enabled in settings.");