diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app.rs
index 6f85debe67..6904ae14ed 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app.rs
@@ -510,6 +510,18 @@ struct SessionSummary {
     resume_command: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct InitialHistoryReplayMetrics {
+    replay_elapsed: Option<Duration>,
+    render_elapsed: Duration,
+    enqueue_elapsed: Duration,
+    flush_elapsed: Duration,
+    cell_count: usize,
+    rendered_line_count: usize,
+    flushed_line_count: usize,
+    replay_finished: bool,
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct App {
     model_catalog: Arc<ModelCatalog>,
     pub(crate) session_telemetry: SessionTelemetry,
@@ -532,6 +544,7 @@ pub(crate) struct App {
     pub(crate) deferred_history_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
     has_emitted_history_lines: bool,
     transcript_reflow: TranscriptReflowState,
+    initial_history_replay_metrics: Option<InitialHistoryReplayMetrics>,
 
     pub(crate) enhanced_keys_supported: bool,
 
@@ -918,6 +931,7 @@ impl App {
             deferred_history_lines: Vec::new(),
             has_emitted_history_lines: false,
             transcript_reflow: TranscriptReflowState::default(),
+            initial_history_replay_metrics: None,
             commit_anim_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             status_line_invalid_items_warned: status_line_invalid_items_warned.clone(),
             terminal_title_invalid_items_warned: terminal_title_invalid_items_warned.clone(),
@@ -1159,6 +1173,7 @@ impl App {
                             }
                         })?;
                         self.maybe_disable_slow_resize_reflow_flush(stats);
+                        self.maybe_finish_initial_history_replay_measurement(stats);
                     } else {
                         tui.draw(desired_height, |frame| {
                             self.chat_widget.render(frame.area(), frame.buffer);
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/event_dispatch.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/event_dispatch.rs
index 99677f9651..f7a8c920dd 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/event_dispatch.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/event_dispatch.rs
@@ -176,6 +176,9 @@ impl App {
 
                 tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
             }
+            AppEvent::BeginInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement => {
+                self.begin_initial_history_replay_measurement();
+            }
             AppEvent::InsertHistoryCell(cell) => {
                 let cell: Arc<dyn HistoryCell> = cell.into();
                 if let Some(Overlay::Transcript(t)) = &mut self.overlay {
@@ -183,11 +186,22 @@ impl App {
                     tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
                 }
                 self.transcript_cells.push(cell.clone());
-                self.insert_history_cell_lines(
-                    tui,
-                    cell.as_ref(),
-                    tui.terminal.last_known_screen_size.width,
-                );
+                if self.initial_history_replay_metrics.is_some() {
+                    self.insert_history_cell_lines_with_initial_replay_measurement(
+                        tui,
+                        cell.as_ref(),
+                        tui.terminal.last_known_screen_size.width,
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    self.insert_history_cell_lines(
+                        tui,
+                        cell.as_ref(),
+                        tui.terminal.last_known_screen_size.width,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            AppEvent::EndInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement { replay_elapsed } => {
+                self.finish_initial_history_replay_measurement(replay_elapsed);
             }
             AppEvent::ConsolidateAgentMessage { source, cwd } => {
                 if !self.terminal_resize_reflow_enabled() {
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/history_ui.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/history_ui.rs
index 3eeb315cbc..d1c2f75702 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/history_ui.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/history_ui.rs
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ impl App {
         self.deferred_history_lines.clear();
         self.has_emitted_history_lines = false;
         self.transcript_reflow.clear();
+        self.initial_history_replay_metrics = None;
         self.backtrack = BacktrackState::default();
         self.backtrack_render_pending = false;
     }
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/resize_reflow.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/resize_reflow.rs
index 4208918f65..3ea43bf2ea 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/resize_reflow.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/resize_reflow.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use color_eyre::eyre::Result;
 use ratatui::text::Line;
 
 use super::App;
+use super::InitialHistoryReplayMetrics;
 use super::trailing_run_start;
 use crate::history_cell;
 use crate::history_cell::HistoryCell;
@@ -94,6 +95,93 @@ impl App {
         self.terminal_resize_reflow_enabled() && !self.transcript_reflow.is_runtime_disabled()
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn begin_initial_history_replay_measurement(&mut self) {
+        if self.terminal_resize_reflow_active() && self.overlay.is_none() {
+            self.initial_history_replay_metrics = Some(Default::default());
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn finish_initial_history_replay_measurement(&mut self, replay_elapsed: Duration) {
+        let Some(metrics) = &mut self.initial_history_replay_metrics else {
+            return;
+        };
+        metrics.replay_elapsed = Some(replay_elapsed);
+        metrics.replay_finished = true;
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn insert_history_cell_lines_with_initial_replay_measurement(
+        &mut self,
+        tui: &mut tui::Tui,
+        cell: &dyn HistoryCell,
+        width: u16,
+    ) {
+        let render_started = Instant::now();
+        let display = self.display_lines_for_history_insert(cell, width);
+        let render_elapsed = render_started.elapsed();
+        let rendered_line_count = display.len();
+
+        if let Some(metrics) = &mut self.initial_history_replay_metrics {
+            metrics.cell_count += 1;
+            metrics.rendered_line_count += rendered_line_count;
+            metrics.render_elapsed += render_elapsed;
+        }
+
+        if display.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let enqueue_started = Instant::now();
+        if self.overlay.is_some() {
+            self.deferred_history_lines.extend(display);
+        } else {
+            tui.insert_history_lines(display);
+        }
+        if let Some(metrics) = &mut self.initial_history_replay_metrics {
+            metrics.enqueue_elapsed += enqueue_started.elapsed();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn maybe_finish_initial_history_replay_measurement(
+        &mut self,
+        draw_stats: tui::ResizeReflowDrawStats,
+    ) {
+        let Some(metrics) = &mut self.initial_history_replay_metrics else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if draw_stats.flushed_history {
+            metrics.flush_elapsed += draw_stats.history_flush_elapsed;
+            metrics.flushed_line_count += draw_stats.history_flush_line_count;
+        }
+        if !metrics.replay_finished
+            || (metrics.rendered_line_count > 0
+                && metrics.flushed_line_count < metrics.rendered_line_count)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let metrics = self
+            .initial_history_replay_metrics
+            .take()
+            .expect("metrics checked above");
+        self.show_initial_history_replay_measurement(metrics);
+    }
+
+    fn show_initial_history_replay_measurement(&mut self, metrics: InitialHistoryReplayMetrics) {
+        let replay_ms = metrics.replay_elapsed.unwrap_or_default().as_millis();
+        self.chat_widget.add_info_message(
+            format!(
+                "Initial transcript replay took {replay_ms}ms to queue, {}ms to render, {}ms to enqueue, and {}ms to flush ({} rows from {} cells; {} rows flushed).",
+                metrics.render_elapsed.as_millis(),
+                metrics.enqueue_elapsed.as_millis(),
+                metrics.flush_elapsed.as_millis(),
+                metrics.rendered_line_count,
+                metrics.cell_count,
+                metrics.flushed_line_count,
+            ),
+            /*hint*/ None,
+        );
+    }
+
     fn schedule_resize_reflow(
         &mut self,
         kind: TranscriptReflowKind,
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/test_support.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/test_support.rs
index d0c24a56a0..2e5c28c42f 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/test_support.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/test_support.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ pub(super) async fn make_test_app() -> App {
         deferred_history_lines: Vec::new(),
         has_emitted_history_lines: false,
         transcript_reflow: TranscriptReflowState::default(),
+        initial_history_replay_metrics: None,
         enhanced_keys_supported: false,
         commit_anim_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
         status_line_invalid_items_warned: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
index b6c95fb667..831a270701 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/tests.rs
@@ -3570,6 +3570,7 @@ async fn make_test_app() -> App {
         deferred_history_lines: Vec::new(),
         has_emitted_history_lines: false,
         transcript_reflow: TranscriptReflowState::default(),
+        initial_history_replay_metrics: None,
         enhanced_keys_supported: false,
         commit_anim_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
         status_line_invalid_items_warned: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
@@ -3628,6 +3629,7 @@ async fn make_test_app_with_channels() -> (
             deferred_history_lines: Vec::new(),
             has_emitted_history_lines: false,
             transcript_reflow: TranscriptReflowState::default(),
+            initial_history_replay_metrics: None,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             commit_anim_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             status_line_invalid_items_warned: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_routing.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_routing.rs
index f6a4513d65..1abbf13499 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_routing.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app/thread_routing.rs
@@ -1029,8 +1029,21 @@ impl App {
         self.chat_widget
             .set_initial_user_message_submit_suppressed(/*suppressed*/ true);
         self.chat_widget.handle_thread_session(session);
+        let should_measure_initial_replay =
+            self.terminal_resize_reflow_active() && !turns.is_empty();
+        let replay_started = should_measure_initial_replay.then(Instant::now);
+        if should_measure_initial_replay {
+            self.app_event_tx
+                .send(AppEvent::BeginInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement);
+        }
         self.chat_widget
             .replay_thread_turns(turns, ReplayKind::ResumeInitialMessages);
+        if let Some(started) = replay_started {
+            self.app_event_tx
+                .send(AppEvent::EndInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement {
+                    replay_elapsed: started.elapsed(),
+                });
+        }
         let pending = std::mem::take(&mut self.pending_primary_events);
         for pending_event in pending {
             match pending_event {
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/app_event.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/app_event.rs
index 4492adac21..7b9ff2342d 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/app_event.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/app_event.rs
@@ -354,8 +354,16 @@ pub(crate) enum AppEvent {
         result: Result<SkillsListResponse, String>,
     },
 
+    /// Begin measuring initial resume replay without changing the replay behavior.
+    BeginInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement,
+
     InsertHistoryCell(Box<dyn HistoryCell>),
 
+    /// Finish measuring initial resume replay after all replay events have been queued.
+    EndInitialHistoryReplayMeasurement {
+        replay_elapsed: std::time::Duration,
+    },
+
     /// Replace the contiguous run of streaming `AgentMessageCell`s at the end of
     /// the transcript with a single `AgentMarkdownCell` that stores the raw
     /// markdown source and re-renders from it on resize.
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/tui.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/tui.rs
index d23ff732ab..9f91b02110 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/tui.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/tui.rs
@@ -484,6 +484,9 @@ pub struct Tui {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(crate) struct ResizeReflowDrawStats {
+    pub(crate) history_flush_elapsed: Duration,
+    pub(crate) history_flush_line_count: usize,
+    pub(crate) flushed_history: bool,
     pub(crate) reflow_flush_elapsed: Duration,
     pub(crate) flushed_reflow_history: bool,
 }
@@ -933,11 +936,17 @@ impl Tui {
             let terminal = &mut self.terminal;
             let mut needs_full_repaint =
                 Self::update_inline_viewport_for_resize_reflow(terminal, height, self.is_zellij)?;
-            needs_full_repaint |= Self::flush_pending_history_lines(
+            let history_flush_line_count = self.pending_history_lines.len();
+            let history_flush_start = Instant::now();
+            let flushed_history = Self::flush_pending_history_lines(
                 terminal,
                 &mut self.pending_history_lines,
                 self.is_zellij,
             )?;
+            stats.history_flush_elapsed = history_flush_start.elapsed();
+            stats.history_flush_line_count = history_flush_line_count;
+            stats.flushed_history = history_flush_line_count > 0;
+            needs_full_repaint |= flushed_history;
             let reflow_flush_start = Instant::now();
             let flushed_reflow_history = Self::flush_pending_reflow_history_lines(
                 terminal,