Fix default TURN URI port in README

Corrects the default AGENT_TURN_URI value in the configuration table from port 348 to 3478. This fixes a typo and aligns the TURN URI with the standard/STUN port used elsewhere in the README.

.gitignore

@@ -14,5 +14,7 @@ machinery/test*
 machinery/init-dev.sh
 machinery/.env.local
 machinery/vendor
+machinery/go.work
+machinery/go.work.sum
 deployments/docker/private-docker-compose.yaml
 video.mp4

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
             ],
             "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/machinery/.env.local",
             "buildFlags": "--tags dynamic",
+            "env": {
+                "GOWORK": "off"
+            },
         },
         {
             "name": "Launch React",

README.md

@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ Next to attaching the configuration file, it is also possible to override the co
 | `AGENT_MQTT_PASSWORD`                       | Password of the MQTT broker.                                                                    | ""                             |
 | `AGENT_REALTIME_PROCESSING`                 | If `AGENT_REALTIME_PROCESSING` set to `true`, the agent will send key frames to the topic       | ""                             |
 | `AGENT_REALTIME_PROCESSING_TOPIC`           | The topic to which keyframes will be sent in base64 encoded format.                             | ""                             |
-| `AGENT_STUN_URI`                            | When using WebRTC, you'll need to provide a STUN server.                                        | "stun:turn.kerberos.io:8443"   |
+| `AGENT_STUN_URI`                            | When using WebRTC, you'll need to provide a STUN server.                                        | "stun:turn-fra1.kerberos.io:3478"|
 | `AGENT_FORCE_TURN`                          | Force using a TURN server, by generating relay candidates only.                                 | "false"                        |
-| `AGENT_TURN_URI`                            | When using WebRTC, you'll need to provide a TURN server.                                        | "turn:turn.kerberos.io:8443"   |
+| `AGENT_TURN_URI`                            | When using WebRTC, you'll need to provide a TURN server.                                        | "turn:turn-fra1.kerberos.io:3478"|
 | `AGENT_TURN_USERNAME`                       | TURN username used for WebRTC.                                                                  | "username1"                    |
 | `AGENT_TURN_PASSWORD`                       | TURN password used for WebRTC.                                                                  | "password1"                    |
 | `AGENT_CLOUD`                               | Store recordings in Kerberos Hub (s3), Kerberos Vault (kstorage), or Dropbox (dropbox).         | "s3"                           |

machinery/.env

@@ -27,5 +27,12 @@ AGENT_KERBEROSVAULT_SECONDARY_DIRECTORY=
 AGENT_KERBEROSVAULT_SECONDARY_ACCESS_KEY=
 AGENT_KERBEROSVAULT_SECONDARY_SECRET_KEY=
 
+# Resumable (tus) uploads to Kerberos Vault are enabled by default.
+# Set to true to fall back to the legacy single-shot POST /storage upload.
+#AGENT_DISABLE_RESUMABLE_UPLOAD=true
+# Bytes sent per PATCH request (default 1 MiB = 1048576). 0 disables chunking
+# and sends the whole file in a single PATCH.
+AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES=1048576
+
 # Open telemetry tracing endpoint
 OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=

machinery/cmd/mp4analyze/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/Eyevinn/mp4ff/avc"
+	mp4ff "github.com/Eyevinn/mp4ff/mp4"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fromFlag := flag.Int64("from", -1, "start of the detailed inspection window (track timescale units); default auto-detects the largest keyframe gap")
+	toFlag := flag.Int64("to", -1, "end of the detailed inspection window (track timescale units); default auto-detected")
+	flag.Parse()
+	if flag.NArg() < 1 {
+		fmt.Println("usage: mp4analyze [-from N] [-to N] <file.mp4>")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(flag.Arg(0))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	parsed, err := mp4ff.DecodeFile(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Movie-level info
+	if parsed.Init != nil && parsed.Init.Moov != nil {
+		moov := parsed.Init.Moov
+		fmt.Printf("ftyp/moov present. timescale(mvhd)=%d duration(mvhd)=%d\n",
+			moov.Mvhd.Timescale, moov.Mvhd.Duration)
+		for _, trak := range moov.Traks {
+			ts := trak.Mdia.Mdhd.Timescale
+			fmt.Printf("  trak id=%d handler=%s mdhd.timescale=%d mdhd.duration=%d\n",
+				trak.Tkhd.TrackID, trak.Mdia.Hdlr.HandlerType, ts, trak.Mdia.Mdhd.Duration)
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("no Init/Moov (pure fragmented stream?)")
+	}
+
+	// sidx vs actual segment layout. MSE players use sidx to map presentation
+	// time -> byte ranges; if sidx references disagree with the real segment
+	// sizes/durations (e.g. after an early/short flush) the player fetches the
+	// wrong bytes and fails to decode — a failure that "heals" on seek.
+	fmt.Println("=== sidx references vs actual segments ===")
+	var sidxRefs []mp4ff.SidxRef
+	for _, c := range parsed.Children {
+		if s, ok := c.(*mp4ff.SidxBox); ok {
+			fmt.Printf("  sidx: timescale=%d earliestPresTime=%d firstOffset=%d refCount=%d anchor(after sidx)=%d\n",
+				s.Timescale, s.EarliestPresentationTime, s.FirstOffset, len(s.SidxRefs), s.AnchorPoint)
+			sidxRefs = s.SidxRefs
+		}
+	}
+	// Actual segment sizes (styp+moof+mdat) and fragment durations.
+	type segInfo struct {
+		size uint64
+		dur  uint64
+	}
+	var actual []segInfo
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		var sz uint64
+		if seg.Styp != nil {
+			sz += seg.Styp.Size()
+		}
+		if seg.Sidx != nil {
+			sz += seg.Sidx.Size()
+		}
+		var dur uint64
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			sz += fr.Moof.Size()
+			if fr.Mdat != nil {
+				sz += fr.Mdat.Size()
+			}
+			for _, traf := range fr.Moof.Trafs {
+				if traf.Tfhd.TrackID != 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+					for _, s := range trun.Samples {
+						dur += uint64(s.Dur)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		actual = append(actual, segInfo{size: sz, dur: dur})
+	}
+	for i := range actual {
+		refStr := "(no sidx ref)"
+		if i < len(sidxRefs) {
+			r := sidxRefs[i]
+			mark := ""
+			if uint64(r.ReferencedSize) != actual[i].size {
+				mark += fmt.Sprintf(" SIZE MISMATCH actual=%d", actual[i].size)
+			}
+			if uint64(r.SubSegmentDuration) != actual[i].dur {
+				mark += fmt.Sprintf(" DUR MISMATCH actual=%d", actual[i].dur)
+			}
+			refStr = fmt.Sprintf("sidx.size=%d sidx.dur=%d type=%d sap=%d/%d%s",
+				r.ReferencedSize, r.SubSegmentDuration, r.ReferenceType, r.StartsWithSAP, r.SAPType, mark)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("  seg%02d actual.size=%d actual.dur=%d | %s\n", i, actual[i].size, actual[i].dur, refStr)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("=== fragments ===")
+	fragIdx := 0
+	var allKeyGlobal []uint64 // global keyframe decode times (track timescale units)
+	var prevTfdtEnd = map[uint32]uint64{}
+	for si, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			for _, traf := range fr.Moof.Trafs {
+				tid := traf.Tfhd.TrackID
+				tfdt := traf.Tfdt.BaseMediaDecodeTime()
+				offset := uint64(0)
+				var keys []uint64 // keyframe offset-from-tfdt
+				var durs []uint64
+				zeroDur := 0
+				nSamples := 0
+				for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+					for _, s := range trun.Samples {
+						nSamples++
+						if (s.Flags>>24)&0x03 == 0x02 { // sample_depends_on==2 => IDR/sync
+							keys = append(keys, offset)
+							if tid == 1 {
+								allKeyGlobal = append(allKeyGlobal, tfdt+offset)
+							}
+						}
+						if s.Dur == 0 {
+							zeroDur++
+						}
+						durs = append(durs, uint64(s.Dur))
+						offset += uint64(s.Dur)
+					}
+				}
+				cont := ""
+				if pe, ok := prevTfdtEnd[tid]; ok {
+					if tfdt != pe {
+						cont = fmt.Sprintf(" <-- tfdt GAP/JUMP prev_end=%d delta=%d", pe, int64(tfdt)-int64(pe))
+					}
+				}
+				prevTfdtEnd[tid] = tfdt + offset
+				if tid == 1 {
+					// in-fragment keyframe gaps
+					var gaps []int64
+					for i := 1; i < len(keys); i++ {
+						gaps = append(gaps, int64(keys[i])-int64(keys[i-1]))
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("seg%d frag%d trk%d tfdt=%d dur=%d nSamp=%d zeroDur=%d keys=%v inFragKeyGaps=%v%s\n",
+						si, fragIdx, tid, tfdt, offset, nSamples, zeroDur, keys, gaps, cont)
+				}
+			}
+			fragIdx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("=== global video keyframe decode times & gaps ===")
+	for i, k := range allKeyGlobal {
+		gap := int64(0)
+		if i > 0 {
+			gap = int64(k) - int64(allKeyGlobal[i-1])
+		}
+		seam := ""
+		if i > 1 {
+			prevGap := int64(allKeyGlobal[i-1]) - int64(allKeyGlobal[i-2])
+			if gap > 0 && prevGap > 0 && gap*2 < prevGap {
+				seam = fmt.Sprintf("  <== SEAM? gap=%d < prevGap/2=%d", gap, prevGap/2)
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("  kf#%02d dt=%d gap=%d%s\n", i, k, gap, seam)
+	}
+
+	// Choose the detailed-inspection window. By default centre it on the largest
+	// keyframe gap (the most likely artifact location); -from/-to override.
+	winLo, winHi := inspectWindow(allKeyGlobal, *fromFlag, *toFlag)
+	fmt.Printf("=== detailed inspection window: dts %d..%d ===\n", winLo, winHi)
+
+	// Full sample timeline: DTS, CTS (=DTS+cto), composition offset, NAL types,
+	// to detect PTS non-monotonicity / gaps / param-set changes at the seam.
+	fmt.Println("=== per-sample timeline (full) — checking PTS monotonicity & nal types ===")
+	var trex *mp4ff.TrexBox
+	if parsed.Init != nil && parsed.Init.Moov != nil && parsed.Init.Moov.Mvex != nil {
+		for _, t := range parsed.Init.Moov.Mvex.Trexs {
+			if t.TrackID == 1 {
+				trex = t
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	var lastCTS int64 = -1
+	var lastDTS int64 = -1
+	sampIdx := 0
+	fragIdx = 0
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			fs, err := fr.GetFullSamples(trex)
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Printf("  frag%d GetFullSamples err: %v\n", fragIdx, err)
+				fragIdx++
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, s := range fs {
+				dts := int64(s.DecodeTime)
+				cts := dts + int64(s.CompositionTimeOffset)
+				nals := nalTypes(s.Data)
+				anomaly := ""
+				if lastCTS >= 0 && cts < lastCTS {
+					anomaly += fmt.Sprintf(" <== CTS BACKWARDS (prev=%d)", lastCTS)
+				}
+				if lastDTS >= 0 && dts < lastDTS {
+					anomaly += fmt.Sprintf(" <== DTS BACKWARDS (prev=%d)", lastDTS)
+				}
+				// sample_is_non_sync_sample is bit 16 (0x00010000); a sync sample
+				// has it clear and sample_depends_on==2 (i.e. an I-frame).
+				isSync := s.Flags&0x00010000 == 0 && (s.Flags>>24)&0x03 == 0x02
+				// Only print inside the inspection window and any anomalies, to keep output small.
+				near := dts >= winLo && dts <= winHi
+				if near || anomaly != "" {
+					fmt.Printf("  s%04d frag%d dts=%d cts=%d cto=%d dur=%d size=%d sync=%v nal=%v%s\n",
+						sampIdx, fragIdx, dts, cts, s.CompositionTimeOffset, s.Dur, len(s.Data), isSync, nals, anomaly)
+				}
+				lastCTS = cts
+				lastDTS = dts
+				sampIdx++
+			}
+			fragIdx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compare parameter sets: avcC (in moov) vs inline SPS/PPS at every IDR.
+	// A looping source that restarts may re-emit SPS/PPS that differ from the
+	// ones the player configured its decoder with from avcC — a classic cause
+	// of a freeze that "heals" when you seek past the seam.
+	fmt.Println("=== parameter set comparison (avcC vs inline IDR) ===")
+	var avccSPS, avccPPS [][]byte
+	if parsed.Init != nil && parsed.Init.Moov != nil {
+		for _, trak := range parsed.Init.Moov.Traks {
+			if trak.Mdia == nil || trak.Mdia.Minf == nil || trak.Mdia.Minf.Stbl == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			stsd := trak.Mdia.Minf.Stbl.Stsd
+			if stsd == nil || stsd.AvcX == nil || stsd.AvcX.AvcC == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			avccSPS = stsd.AvcX.AvcC.SPSnalus
+			avccPPS = stsd.AvcX.AvcC.PPSnalus
+		}
+	}
+	for i, s := range avccSPS {
+		fmt.Printf("  avcC SPS[%d] = %x\n", i, s)
+	}
+	for i, p := range avccPPS {
+		fmt.Printf("  avcC PPS[%d] = %x\n", i, p)
+	}
+	fragIdx = 0
+	sampIdx = 0
+	var baseSPS, basePPS []byte
+	if len(avccSPS) > 0 {
+		baseSPS = avccSPS[0]
+	}
+	if len(avccPPS) > 0 {
+		basePPS = avccPPS[0]
+	}
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			fs, err := fr.GetFullSamples(trex)
+			if err != nil {
+				fragIdx++
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, s := range fs {
+				spsList := nalsByType(s.Data, 7)
+				ppsList := nalsByType(s.Data, 8)
+				if len(spsList) > 0 || len(ppsList) > 0 {
+					dts := int64(s.DecodeTime)
+					note := ""
+					if len(spsList) > 0 {
+						if baseSPS == nil {
+							baseSPS = spsList[0]
+						} else if !bytesEqual(baseSPS, spsList[0]) {
+							note += " <== SPS CHANGED vs base/avcC"
+						}
+					}
+					if len(ppsList) > 0 {
+						if basePPS == nil {
+							basePPS = ppsList[0]
+						} else if !bytesEqual(basePPS, ppsList[0]) {
+							note += " <== PPS CHANGED vs base/avcC"
+						}
+					}
+					var spsHex, ppsHex string
+					if len(spsList) > 0 {
+						spsHex = fmt.Sprintf("%x", spsList[0])
+					}
+					if len(ppsList) > 0 {
+						ppsHex = fmt.Sprintf("%x", ppsList[0])
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("  IDR s%04d frag%d dts=%d SPS=%s PPS=%s%s\n",
+						sampIdx, fragIdx, dts, spsHex, ppsHex, note)
+				}
+				sampIdx++
+			}
+			fragIdx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	sliceHeaders(parsed, trex, winLo, winHi)
+
+	summary(parsed, trex)
+}
+
+func sliceHeaders(parsed *mp4ff.File, trex *mp4ff.TrexBox, winLo, winHi int64) {
+	// Build SPS/PPS maps from avcC.
+	spsMap := map[uint32]*avc.SPS{}
+	ppsMap := map[uint32]*avc.PPS{}
+	if parsed.Init != nil && parsed.Init.Moov != nil {
+		for _, trak := range parsed.Init.Moov.Traks {
+			if trak.Mdia == nil || trak.Mdia.Minf == nil || trak.Mdia.Minf.Stbl == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			stsd := trak.Mdia.Minf.Stbl.Stsd
+			if stsd == nil || stsd.AvcX == nil || stsd.AvcX.AvcC == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, s := range stsd.AvcX.AvcC.SPSnalus {
+				if sps, err := avc.ParseSPSNALUnit(s, true); err == nil {
+					spsMap[uint32(sps.ParameterID)] = sps
+				}
+			}
+			for _, p := range stsd.AvcX.AvcC.PPSnalus {
+				if pps, err := avc.ParsePPSNALUnit(p, spsMap); err == nil {
+					ppsMap[pps.PicParameterSetID] = pps
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("=== slice headers in inspection window (frame_num / poc / idr_pic_id) ===")
+	fragIdx := 0
+	sampIdx := 0
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			fs, err := fr.GetFullSamples(trex)
+			if err != nil {
+				fragIdx++
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, s := range fs {
+				dts := int64(s.DecodeTime)
+				if dts < winLo || dts > winHi {
+					sampIdx++
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, nal := range splitAVCC(s.Data) {
+					t := nal[0] & 0x1f
+					if t == 1 || t == 5 { // non-IDR or IDR slice
+						sh, err := avc.ParseSliceHeader(nal, spsMap, ppsMap)
+						if err != nil {
+							fmt.Printf("  s%04d frag%d dts=%d nalType=%d sliceHeader ERR: %v\n", sampIdx, fragIdx, dts, t, err)
+							break
+						}
+						fmt.Printf("  s%04d frag%d dts=%d nalType=%d sliceType=%v frameNum=%d idrPicId=%d pocLsb=%d\n",
+							sampIdx, fragIdx, dts, t, sh.SliceType, sh.FrameNum, sh.IDRPicID, sh.PicOrderCntLsb)
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				sampIdx++
+			}
+			fragIdx++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// splitAVCC splits a length-prefixed (4-byte) AVCC buffer into NAL units.
+func splitAVCC(b []byte) [][]byte {
+	var out [][]byte
+	i := 0
+	for i+4 <= len(b) {
+		n := int(uint32(b[i])<<24 | uint32(b[i+1])<<16 | uint32(b[i+2])<<8 | uint32(b[i+3]))
+		i += 4
+		if n <= 0 || i+n > len(b) {
+			break
+		}
+		out = append(out, b[i:i+n])
+		i += n
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func bytesEqual(a, b []byte) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range a {
+		if a[i] != b[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// nalTypes returns the list of H.264 NAL unit types present in an AVCC
+// (length-prefixed) sample buffer.
+func nalTypes(b []byte) []int {
+	var out []int
+	i := 0
+	for i+4 <= len(b) {
+		n := int(uint32(b[i])<<24 | uint32(b[i+1])<<16 | uint32(b[i+2])<<8 | uint32(b[i+3]))
+		i += 4
+		if n <= 0 || i+n > len(b) {
+			break
+		}
+		out = append(out, int(b[i]&0x1f))
+		i += n
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// nalsByType returns the raw NAL payloads (without length prefix) of the given
+// type from an AVCC (length-prefixed) sample buffer.
+func nalsByType(b []byte, want int) [][]byte {
+	var out [][]byte
+	i := 0
+	for i+4 <= len(b) {
+		n := int(uint32(b[i])<<24 | uint32(b[i+1])<<16 | uint32(b[i+2])<<8 | uint32(b[i+3]))
+		i += 4
+		if n <= 0 || i+n > len(b) {
+			break
+		}
+		if int(b[i]&0x1f) == want {
+			nal := make([]byte, n)
+			copy(nal, b[i:i+n])
+			out = append(out, nal)
+		}
+		i += n
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// inspectWindow returns the [lo,hi] decode-time range (track timescale units)
+// for which sample-level detail is printed. Explicit -from/-to win; otherwise
+// the window auto-centres on the largest gap between consecutive video
+// keyframes — the most likely location of a visible artifact — with a margin on
+// each side so the frames leading into and out of the gap are shown too.
+func inspectWindow(keyDecodeTimes []uint64, from, to int64) (int64, int64) {
+	if from >= 0 || to >= 0 {
+		if from < 0 {
+			from = 0
+		}
+		if to < 0 {
+			to = from + 2000
+		}
+		return from, to
+	}
+	if len(keyDecodeTimes) < 2 {
+		return 0, 1 << 62
+	}
+	worstIdx, worstGap := 1, uint64(0)
+	for i := 1; i < len(keyDecodeTimes); i++ {
+		if g := keyDecodeTimes[i] - keyDecodeTimes[i-1]; g > worstGap {
+			worstGap = g
+			worstIdx = i
+		}
+	}
+	const margin = 500
+	lo := int64(keyDecodeTimes[worstIdx-1]) - margin
+	if lo < 0 {
+		lo = 0
+	}
+	return lo, int64(keyDecodeTimes[worstIdx]) + margin
+}
+
+// summary prints a compact, generic health report so a recording can be
+// validated at a glance without reading the full per-sample dump above.
+func summary(parsed *mp4ff.File, trex *mp4ff.TrexBox) {
+	fmt.Println("=== SUMMARY (health checks) ===")
+
+	videoTracks, audioTracks := 0, 0
+	var videoTimescale uint64 = 1
+	if parsed.Init != nil && parsed.Init.Moov != nil {
+		for _, trak := range parsed.Init.Moov.Traks {
+			switch trak.Mdia.Hdlr.HandlerType {
+			case "vide":
+				videoTracks++
+				if trak.Mdia.Mdhd.Timescale != 0 {
+					videoTimescale = uint64(trak.Mdia.Mdhd.Timescale)
+				}
+			case "soun":
+				audioTracks++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("  tracks: %d video, %d audio\n", videoTracks, audioTracks)
+	if audioTracks == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("    note: no audio track is embedded in this file")
+	}
+
+	type fragStat struct {
+		idx     int
+		tfdt    uint64
+		dur     uint64
+		nSamp   int
+		nKeys   int
+		zeroDur int
+		fps     float64
+	}
+	var stats []fragStat
+	var keyTimes []uint64
+	var fpsArr []float64
+	tfdtGaps := 0
+	var prevEnd uint64
+	havePrev := false
+	fi := 0
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			for _, traf := range fr.Moof.Trafs {
+				if traf.Tfhd.TrackID != 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				st := fragStat{idx: fi, tfdt: traf.Tfdt.BaseMediaDecodeTime()}
+				off := uint64(0)
+				for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+					for _, s := range trun.Samples {
+						st.nSamp++
+						if (s.Flags>>24)&0x03 == 0x02 {
+							st.nKeys++
+							keyTimes = append(keyTimes, st.tfdt+off)
+						}
+						if s.Dur == 0 {
+							st.zeroDur++
+						}
+						off += uint64(s.Dur)
+					}
+				}
+				st.dur = off
+				d := st.dur
+				if d == 0 {
+					d = 1
+				}
+				st.fps = float64(st.nSamp) * float64(videoTimescale) / float64(d)
+				fpsArr = append(fpsArr, st.fps)
+				if havePrev && st.tfdt != prevEnd {
+					tfdtGaps++
+				}
+				prevEnd = st.tfdt + st.dur
+				havePrev = true
+				stats = append(stats, st)
+			}
+			fi++
+		}
+	}
+
+	medFps := medianFloat(fpsArr)
+	fmt.Printf("  fragments: %d (video timescale=%d, median %.1f fps)\n", len(stats), videoTimescale, medFps)
+	lowFps := 0
+	totalZero := 0
+	for _, st := range stats {
+		totalZero += st.zeroDur
+		flagStr := ""
+		if medFps > 0 && st.fps < medFps*0.9 {
+			lowFps++
+			flagStr = "  <== LOW FRAME RATE — likely dropped frames"
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("    frag%02d tfdt=%-6d dur=%-5d samples=%-3d keyframes=%d zeroDur=%d fps=%.1f%s\n",
+			st.idx, st.tfdt, st.dur, st.nSamp, st.nKeys, st.zeroDur, st.fps, flagStr)
+	}
+
+	var gaps []uint64
+	for i := 1; i < len(keyTimes); i++ {
+		gaps = append(gaps, keyTimes[i]-keyTimes[i-1])
+	}
+	irregular := 0
+	if len(gaps) > 0 {
+		med := medianUint(gaps)
+		mn, mx := gaps[0], gaps[0]
+		for _, g := range gaps {
+			if g < mn {
+				mn = g
+			}
+			if g > mx {
+				mx = g
+			}
+			// Flag intervals that deviate by more than ~50% from the median GOP.
+			if med > 0 && (g*2 > med*3 || g*2 < med) {
+				irregular++
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("  keyframe gaps: min=%d median=%d max=%d  irregular=%d/%d\n", mn, med, mx, irregular, len(gaps))
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("  tfdt discontinuities: %d\n", tfdtGaps)
+	fmt.Printf("  zero-duration samples: %d\n", totalZero)
+
+	fmt.Println("  verdict:")
+	clean := true
+	if audioTracks == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("    - no audio track (expected if this recording is video-only)")
+	}
+	if lowFps > 0 {
+		clean = false
+		fmt.Printf("    - %d fragment(s) have a reduced frame rate (dropped frames) — likely source of the artifacts\n", lowFps)
+	}
+	if irregular > 0 {
+		clean = false
+		fmt.Printf("    - %d irregular keyframe interval(s)\n", irregular)
+	}
+	if tfdtGaps > 0 {
+		clean = false
+		fmt.Printf("    - %d timeline (tfdt) discontinuity(ies)\n", tfdtGaps)
+	}
+	if totalZero > 0 {
+		clean = false
+		fmt.Printf("    - %d zero-duration sample(s)\n", totalZero)
+	}
+	if clean {
+		fmt.Println("    - container structure looks healthy")
+	}
+}
+
+func medianUint(v []uint64) uint64 {
+	if len(v) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	c := append([]uint64(nil), v...)
+	sort.Slice(c, func(i, j int) bool { return c[i] < c[j] })
+	return c[len(c)/2]
+}
+
+func medianFloat(v []float64) float64 {
+	if len(v) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	c := append([]float64(nil), v...)
+	sort.Float64s(c)
+	return c[len(c)/2]
+}

machinery/data/config/config.json

@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@
 	"mqtturi": "tcp://mqtt.kerberos.io:1883",
 	"mqtt_username": "",
 	"mqtt_password": "",
-	"stunuri": "stun:turn.kerberos.io:8443",
 	"turn_force": "false",
-	"turnuri": "turn:turn.kerberos.io:8443",
+	"stunuri": "stun:turn-fra1.kerberos.io:3478",
+	"turnuri": "turn:turn-fra1.kerberos.io:3478",
 	"turn_username": "username1",
 	"turn_password": "password1",
 	"heartbeaturi": "",

machinery/src/cloud/cloud.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package cloud
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/capture"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/cloud/livesnapshot"
 	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/encryption"
 	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
 	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/models"
@@ -528,6 +530,7 @@ loop:
 						"onvif_events_list": %s,
 						"cameraConnected": "%s",
 						"hasBackChannel": "%s",
+						"livePreviewHttp": true,
 						"numberoffiles" : "33",
 						"timestamp" : 1564747908,
 						"cameratype" : "IPCamera",
@@ -684,7 +687,35 @@ func HandleLiveStreamSD(livestreamCursor *packets.QueueCursor, configuration *mo
 				hubKey = config.HubKey
 			}
 
-			lastLivestreamRequest := int64(0)
+			lastLivestreamRequestMQTT := int64(0)
+			lastLivestreamRequestHTTP := int64(0)
+
+			// HTTP transport (preferred when this agent is paired with a Kerberos
+			// Hub): ship preview frames to hub-api over HTTPS instead of pushing
+			// (large, base64) images through the MQTT broker. Viewers opt in per
+			// session via the "http" transport on their keepalive; the legacy MQTT
+			// push is kept for viewers (older frontends) that don't, and as a fallback.
+			region := ""
+			if config.S3 != nil {
+				region = config.S3.Region
+			}
+			var snapshotPublisher *livesnapshot.Publisher
+			if config.HubURI != "" && config.HubKey != "" {
+				snapshotPublisher = livesnapshot.NewPublisher(livesnapshot.PublisherConfig{
+					HubURI:        config.HubURI,
+					HubKey:        config.HubKey,
+					HubPrivateKey: config.HubPrivateKey,
+					Region:        region,
+					DeviceKey:     deviceId,
+				})
+				log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): HTTP preview transport ENABLED; frames go to " + strings.TrimRight(config.HubURI, "/") + "/storage/snapshot when a viewer requests it (kept off MQTT).")
+			} else {
+				log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): HTTP preview transport DISABLED (Hub not configured: HubURI/HubKey empty); preview frames are pushed over MQTT.")
+			}
+
+			// Track the transport actually used so we log only when it changes; the
+			// loop runs once per keyframe and logging every frame would be noise.
+			lastTransport := ""
 
 			var cursorError error
 			var pkt packets.Packet
@@ -695,20 +726,74 @@ func HandleLiveStreamSD(livestreamCursor *packets.QueueCursor, configuration *mo
 					continue
 				}
 				now := time.Now().Unix()
+				// Drain both viewer keepalive channels (non-blocking): one for the
+				// HTTP transport, one for the legacy MQTT push.
 				select {
 				case <-communication.HandleLiveSD:
-					lastLivestreamRequest = now
+					lastLivestreamRequestMQTT = now
 				default:
 				}
-				if now-lastLivestreamRequest > 3 {
+				select {
+				case <-communication.HandleLiveSDHTTP:
+					lastLivestreamRequestHTTP = now
+				default:
+				}
+
+				mqttViewerActive := now-lastLivestreamRequestMQTT <= 3
+				httpViewerActive := now-lastLivestreamRequestHTTP <= 3
+				if !mqttViewerActive && !httpViewerActive {
 					continue
 				}
-				log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): Sending base64 encoded images to MQTT.")
-				img, err := rtspClient.DecodePacket(pkt)
-				if err == nil {
-					imageResized, _ := utils.ResizeImage(&img, uint(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth), uint(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight))
-					bytes, _ := utils.ImageToBytes(imageResized)
 
+				img, err := rtspClient.DecodePacket(pkt)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				imageResized, _ := utils.ResizeImage(&img, uint(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth), uint(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight))
+				bytes, _ := utils.ImageToBytes(imageResized)
+
+				// Prefer HTTP for viewers that asked for it. Only if that did not
+				// deliver (Hub not configured, or the upload failed) do we also push
+				// over MQTT, so a new frontend can still fall back to its MQTT path.
+				httpPushed := false
+				var httpErr error
+				if httpViewerActive && snapshotPublisher != nil {
+					ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 4*time.Second)
+					httpErr = snapshotPublisher.PublishSnapshot(ctx, bytes)
+					if httpErr == nil {
+						httpPushed = true
+					}
+					cancel()
+				}
+
+				pushMQTT := mqttViewerActive || (httpViewerActive && !httpPushed)
+
+				// Log only when the effective transport changes, so an operator can
+				// tell at a glance whether a device's preview travels over HTTP or
+				// MQTT (and why it fell back) without per-frame log spam.
+				transport := ""
+				if httpPushed {
+					transport = "http"
+				} else if pushMQTT {
+					transport = "mqtt"
+				}
+				if transport != "" && transport != lastTransport {
+					if transport == "http" {
+						log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): delivering preview frames over HTTP for device " + deviceId + ".")
+					} else {
+						reason := "viewer requested MQTT (older frontend)"
+						if httpViewerActive && snapshotPublisher == nil {
+							reason = "viewer asked for HTTP but Hub is not configured"
+						} else if httpViewerActive && httpErr != nil {
+							reason = "HTTP upload failed, falling back: " + httpErr.Error()
+						}
+						log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): delivering preview frames over MQTT for device " + deviceId + " (" + reason + ").")
+					}
+					lastTransport = transport
+				}
+
+				if pushMQTT {
+					log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(): Sending base64 encoded images to MQTT.")
 					chunking := config.Capture.LiveviewChunking
 
 					if chunking == "true" {

machinery/src/cloud/dropbox.go

@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ func UploadDropbox(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (bool,
 
 	file, err := os.OpenFile(fullname, os.O_RDWR, 0755)
 	if file != nil {
-		defer file.Close()
+		defer func() {
+			if cerr := file.Close(); cerr != nil {
+				log.Log.Error("UploadDropbox: Error closing file: " + cerr.Error())
+			}
+		}()
 	}
 
 	if err == nil {

machinery/src/cloud/kerberos_hub.go

@@ -34,6 +34,29 @@ func UploadKerberosHub(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (bo
 
 	log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: Uploading to Kerberos Hub (" + config.HubURI + ")")
 	log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: Upload started for " + fileName)
+
+	// Prefer the resumable (tus) upload when enabled (the default). Kerberos Hub
+	// authenticates the agent with its Hub public/private key and proxies the
+	// resumable upload to the Kerberos Vault. When Hub does not expose a tus
+	// endpoint (older deployments) we transparently fall back to the legacy
+	// single-POST upload below.
+	if resumableUploadsEnabled() {
+		uploaded, _, supported, body, rerr := uploadHubResumable(&config, fileName, "UploadKerberosHub", "hub")
+		if supported {
+			if uploaded {
+				log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: Upload Finished (resumable), " + body)
+				return true, true, nil
+			}
+			if rerr != nil {
+				log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: resumable upload failed, " + rerr.Error())
+			} else {
+				log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: resumable upload incomplete, " + body)
+			}
+			return false, true, rerr
+		}
+		log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosHub: resumable (tus) endpoint not available, falling back to legacy upload")
+	}
+
 	fullname := "data/recordings/" + fileName
 
 	// Check if we still have the file otherwise we abort the request.

machinery/src/cloud/kerberos_vault.go

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ func UploadKerberosVault(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (
 		return false, false, errors.New(err)
 	}
 
+	// If the recording no longer exists on disk there is nothing to upload.
+	// This can happen when the file was already removed (e.g. cleanup, or an
+	// earlier successful upload). Skip it so the watcher drops the marker
+	// instead of retrying indefinitely.
+	if _, err := os.Stat("data/recordings/" + fileName); err != nil {
+		log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: skipping " + fileName + ", file doesn't exist anymore")
+		return false, false, nil
+	}
+
 	// timestamp_microseconds_instanceName_regionCoordinates_numberOfChanges_token
 	// 1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4
 	// - Timestamp
@@ -41,17 +50,6 @@ func UploadKerberosVault(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (
 	// KerberosCloud, this means storage is disabled and proxy enabled.
 	log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Uploading to Kerberos Vault (" + config.KStorage.URI + ")")
 	log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload started for " + fileName)
-	fullname := "data/recordings/" + fileName
-
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(fullname, os.O_RDWR, 0755)
-	if file != nil {
-		defer file.Close()
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		err := "UploadKerberosVault: Upload Failed, file doesn't exists anymore"
-		log.Log.Info(err)
-		return false, false, errors.New(err)
-	}
 
 	publicKey := config.KStorage.CloudKey
 	if config.HubKey != "" {
@@ -60,62 +58,30 @@ func UploadKerberosVault(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (
 
 	// We need to check if we are in a retry timeout.
 	if kstorageRetryTimeout <= time.Now().Unix() {
+		uploaded, responded, body, err := sendToVault(*config.KStorage, publicKey, config.Key, fileName, "UploadKerberosVault", "primary")
+		if uploaded {
+			kstorageRetryCount = 0
+			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload Finished, " + body)
+			return true, true, nil
+		}
 
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", config.KStorage.URI+"/storage", file)
 		if err != nil {
-			errorMessage := "UploadKerberosVault: error reading request, " + config.KStorage.URI + "/storage: " + err.Error()
-			log.Log.Error(errorMessage)
-			return false, true, errors.New(errorMessage)
-		}
-		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "video/mp4")
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-CloudKey", publicKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-AccessKey", config.KStorage.AccessKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-SecretAccessKey", config.KStorage.SecretAccessKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Provider", config.KStorage.Provider)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName", fileName)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device", config.Key)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Capture", "IPCamera")
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Directory", config.KStorage.Directory)
-
-		var client *http.Client
-		if os.Getenv("AGENT_TLS_INSECURE") == "true" {
-			tr := &http.Transport{
-				TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
-			}
-			client = &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-		} else {
-			client = &http.Client{}
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.Do(req)
-		if resp != nil {
-			defer resp.Body.Close()
-		}
-
-		if err == nil {
-			if resp != nil {
-				body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-				if err == nil {
-					if resp.StatusCode == 200 {
-						kstorageRetryCount = 0
-						log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload Finished, " + resp.Status + ", " + string(body))
-						return true, true, nil
-					} else {
-						// We increase the retry count, and set the timeout.
-						// If we have reached the retry policy, we set the timeout.
-						// This means we will not retry for the next 5 minutes.
-						if kstorageRetryCount < config.KStorage.MaxRetries {
-							kstorageRetryCount = (kstorageRetryCount + 1)
-						}
-						if kstorageRetryCount == config.KStorage.MaxRetries {
-							kstorageRetryTimeout = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(config.KStorage.Timeout) * time.Second).Unix()
-						}
-						log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload Failed, " + resp.Status + ", " + string(body))
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
 			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload Failed, " + err.Error())
+		} else {
+			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault: Upload Failed, " + body)
+		}
+
+		// We only advance the retry policy when the vault gave a definitive
+		// response (mirroring the original behaviour where transient network
+		// errors did not consume retries). When the retry count reaches the
+		// configured maximum we back off for the configured timeout.
+		if responded {
+			if kstorageRetryCount < config.KStorage.MaxRetries {
+				kstorageRetryCount = (kstorageRetryCount + 1)
+			}
+			if kstorageRetryCount == config.KStorage.MaxRetries {
+				kstorageRetryTimeout = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(config.KStorage.Timeout) * time.Second).Unix()
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -134,61 +100,116 @@ func UploadKerberosVault(configuration *models.Configuration, fileName string) (
 
 		log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Uploading to Secondary Kerberos Vault (" + config.KStorageSecondary.URI + ")")
 
-		file, err = os.OpenFile(fullname, os.O_RDWR, 0755)
+		uploaded, _, body, err := sendToVault(*config.KStorageSecondary, publicKey, config.Key, fileName, "UploadKerberosVault (Secondary)", "secondary")
-		if file != nil {
+		if uploaded {
-			defer file.Close()
+			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Finished to secondary, " + body)
-		}
+			return true, true, nil
-		if err != nil {
-			err := "UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Failed, file doesn't exists anymore"
-			log.Log.Info(err)
-			return false, false, errors.New(err)
 		}
 
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", config.KStorageSecondary.URI+"/storage", file)
 		if err != nil {
-			errorMessage := "UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): error reading request, " + config.KStorageSecondary.URI + "/storage: " + err.Error()
+			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Failed to secondary, " + err.Error())
-			log.Log.Error(errorMessage)
-			return false, true, errors.New(errorMessage)
-		}
-		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "video/mp4")
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-CloudKey", publicKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-AccessKey", config.KStorageSecondary.AccessKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-SecretAccessKey", config.KStorageSecondary.SecretAccessKey)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Provider", config.KStorageSecondary.Provider)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName", fileName)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device", config.Key)
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Capture", "IPCamera")
-		req.Header.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Directory", config.KStorageSecondary.Directory)
-
-		var client *http.Client
-		if os.Getenv("AGENT_TLS_INSECURE") == "true" {
-			tr := &http.Transport{
-				TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
-			}
-			client = &http.Client{Transport: tr}
 		} else {
-			client = &http.Client{}
+			log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Failed to secondary, " + body)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.Do(req)
-		if resp != nil {
-			defer resp.Body.Close()
-		}
-
-		if err == nil {
-			if resp != nil {
-				body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-				if err == nil {
-					if resp.StatusCode == 200 {
-						log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Finished to secondary, " + resp.Status + ", " + string(body))
-						return true, true, nil
-					} else {
-						log.Log.Info("UploadKerberosVault (Secondary): Upload Failed to secondary, " + resp.Status + ", " + string(body))
-					}
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return false, true, nil
 }
+
+// sendToVault uploads a single recording to one Kerberos Vault. When resumable
+// uploads are enabled (the default) it attempts the tus protocol first and, if
+// the vault does not expose a tus endpoint (older deployments), transparently
+// falls back to the legacy single-shot POST.
+//
+// It returns whether the upload succeeded, whether the vault gave a definitive
+// HTTP response (so the caller can advance its retry policy), a short message
+// for logging, and a transport error if any.
+func sendToVault(vault models.KStorage, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName, label, slot string) (bool, bool, string, error) {
+	if resumableUploadsEnabled() {
+		uploaded, responded, supported, body, err := uploadVaultResumable(vault, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName, label, slot)
+		if supported {
+			return uploaded, responded, body, err
+		}
+		log.Log.Info(label + ": resumable (tus) endpoint not available, falling back to legacy upload")
+	}
+	return uploadVaultLegacy(vault, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName, label)
+}
+
+// uploadVaultLegacy performs the original single-request upload: the whole file
+// is sent as the body of a POST to {URI}/storage. Kept for backwards
+// compatibility with vault deployments that do not support resumable uploads.
+func uploadVaultLegacy(vault models.KStorage, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName, label string) (bool, bool, string, error) {
+	fullname := "data/recordings/" + fileName
+
+	file, err := os.Open(fullname)
+	if file != nil {
+		defer file.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		msg := label + ": Upload Failed, file doesn't exists anymore"
+		log.Log.Info(msg)
+		return false, false, "", errors.New(msg)
+	}
+
+	uri := vault.URI
+	for len(uri) > 0 && uri[len(uri)-1] == '/' {
+		uri = uri[:len(uri)-1]
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", uri+"/storage", file)
+	if err != nil {
+		errorMessage := label + ": error reading request, " + uri + "/storage: " + err.Error()
+		log.Log.Error(errorMessage)
+		return false, false, "", errors.New(errorMessage)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "video/mp4")
+	setVaultHeaders(req.Header, vault, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName)
+
+	client := newVaultHTTPClient(0)
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false, "", err
+	}
+
+	body, rerr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if rerr != nil {
+		return false, false, "", rerr
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+		return true, true, resp.Status + ", " + string(body), nil
+	}
+	return false, true, resp.Status + ", " + string(body), nil
+}
+
+// setVaultHeaders sets the standard Kerberos Vault headers used by the legacy
+// single-POST upload.
+func setVaultHeaders(h http.Header, vault models.KStorage, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName string) {
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-CloudKey", publicKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-AccessKey", vault.AccessKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-SecretAccessKey", vault.SecretAccessKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Provider", vault.Provider)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName", fileName)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device", deviceKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Capture", "IPCamera")
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Directory", vault.Directory)
+}
+
+// newVaultHTTPClient builds an HTTP client honouring the AGENT_TLS_INSECURE
+// escape hatch. A timeout of 0 disables the client-level timeout, which is
+// required for streaming large upload bodies.
+func newVaultHTTPClient(timeout time.Duration) *http.Client {
+	client := &http.Client{}
+	if os.Getenv("AGENT_TLS_INSECURE") == "true" {
+		client.Transport = &http.Transport{
+			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
+		}
+	}
+	if timeout > 0 {
+		client.Timeout = timeout
+	}
+	return client
+}

machinery/src/cloud/livehls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package cloud
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	mqtt "github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/capture"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/cloud/livehls"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/models"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/packets"
+)
+
+// hlsViewerTimeoutSeconds is how long the agent keeps shipping live HLS segments
+// after the last viewer keepalive. It is a few seconds longer than the segment
+// duration so a viewer whose keepalive is briefly delayed does not cause the
+// session to flap. When it lapses the session is torn down to stop wasting
+// upload bandwidth when nobody is watching.
+const hlsViewerTimeoutSeconds = 8
+
+// hlsReadyReannounceSeconds throttles how often the agent re-announces an
+// already-ready session over MQTT in response to viewer keepalives. The initial
+// "receive-hls-ready" is a one-shot fired when the first segment lands; a viewer
+// that connects or hard-refreshes after that (while the session is still alive)
+// missed it, so we re-announce on subsequent keepalives. Viewers dedupe by
+// session id, so a re-announce for a session they already play is a no-op. ~2s
+// gets a refreshed viewer playing well within its connection timeout without
+// spamming the control plane.
+const hlsReadyReannounceSeconds = 2
+
+
+// HandleLiveStreamHLS drives the live HLS producer. It mirrors HandleLiveStreamSD:
+// it reads the camera's packet stream from a Latest() cursor, and while a viewer
+// is active (kept alive via communication.HandleLiveHLS) it muxes the packets
+// into CMAF segments and ships them to hub-api, which stores each segment in an
+// ephemeral, short-TTL live window and serves the rolling playlist to viewers.
+//
+// A session is created lazily on the first keyframe seen while a viewer is active
+// and torn down once viewers go away, so an idle camera produces no live traffic.
+func HandleLiveStreamHLS(livestreamCursor *packets.QueueCursor, configuration *models.Configuration, communication *models.Communication, mqttClient mqtt.Client, _ capture.RTSPClient) {
+
+	log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): started")
+
+	config := configuration.Config
+
+	if config.Offline == "true" {
+		log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): stopping as Offline is enabled.")
+		return
+	}
+	if config.Capture.Liveview == "false" {
+		log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): stopping as Liveview is disabled.")
+		return
+	}
+	if config.HubURI == "" || config.HubKey == "" {
+		log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): stopping as the Hub is not configured (HubURI/HubKey).")
+		return
+	}
+
+	hubKey := config.HubKey
+	deviceId := config.Key
+
+	region := ""
+	if config.S3 != nil {
+		region = config.S3.Region
+	}
+
+	publisher := livehls.NewPublisher(livehls.PublisherConfig{
+		HubURI:        config.HubURI,
+		HubKey:        config.HubKey,
+		HubPrivateKey: config.HubPrivateKey,
+		Region:        region,
+		DeviceKey:     deviceId,
+	})
+
+	// Encoded dimensions are only needed for the avcC fallback path (an SPS that
+	// mp4ff's strict parser rejects); the main stream dimensions are a safe value.
+	width := uint16(config.Capture.IPCamera.Width)
+	height := uint16(config.Capture.IPCamera.Height)
+
+	var session *livehls.Session
+	lastViewerRequest := int64(0)
+	lastReadyAnnounce := int64(0)
+
+	var cursorError error
+	var pkt packets.Packet
+
+	for cursorError == nil {
+		pkt, cursorError = livestreamCursor.ReadPacket()
+
+		now := time.Now().Unix()
+		select {
+		case <-communication.HandleLiveHLS:
+			lastViewerRequest = now
+			// A keepalive may come from a viewer that just connected or hard-
+			// refreshed and therefore missed the one-shot readiness announcement
+			// fired when this session's first segment landed. Re-announce (throttled)
+			// so late/refreshed viewers learn the active session id; the frontend
+			// dedupes by session id, so this is a no-op for viewers already playing.
+			if session != nil && session.IsReady() && now-lastReadyAnnounce >= hlsReadyReannounceSeconds {
+				publishHLSReady(configuration, mqttClient, hubKey, deviceId, session.SessionID())
+				lastReadyAnnounce = now
+			}
+		default:
+		}
+
+		viewerActive := now-lastViewerRequest <= hlsViewerTimeoutSeconds
+
+		if !viewerActive {
+			// No viewer: stop and discard the session so we stop shipping segments.
+			if session != nil {
+				_ = session.Close()
+				log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): no active viewers, stopped live HLS session " + session.SessionID())
+				session = nil
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if len(pkt.Data) == 0 || !pkt.IsVideo {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Start a session lazily, but only on a keyframe so the first segment opens
+		// on a random-access point.
+		if session == nil {
+			if !pkt.IsKeyFrame {
+				continue
+			}
+			session = livehls.NewSession(publisher, livehls.SessionOptions{
+				Codec:    pkt.Codec,
+				SPSNALUs: config.Capture.IPCamera.SPSNALUs,
+				PPSNALUs: config.Capture.IPCamera.PPSNALUs,
+				VPSNALUs: config.Capture.IPCamera.VPSNALUs,
+				Width:    width,
+				Height:   height,
+			})
+			session.SetOnReady(func(sessionID string) {
+				log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): live HLS session ready, announcing " + sessionID)
+				publishHLSReady(configuration, mqttClient, hubKey, deviceId, sessionID)
+				lastReadyAnnounce = time.Now().Unix()
+			})
+			log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): started live HLS session " + session.SessionID())
+		}
+
+		if err := session.WritePacket(pkt); err != nil {
+			log.Log.Error("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): " + err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if session != nil {
+		_ = session.Close()
+	}
+	log.Log.Debug("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): finished")
+}
+
+// publishHLSReady announces, over MQTT, that a live HLS session is available so
+// viewers can load the rolling playlist hub-api serves for {device}/{session}.
+func publishHLSReady(configuration *models.Configuration, mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey, deviceId, sessionID string) {
+	valueMap := map[string]interface{}{
+		"session": sessionID,
+		"device":  deviceId,
+	}
+	message := models.Message{
+		Payload: models.Payload{
+			Action:   "receive-hls-ready",
+			DeviceId: deviceId,
+			Value:    valueMap,
+		},
+	}
+	payload, err := models.PackageMQTTMessage(configuration, message)
+	if err == nil {
+		mqttClient.Publish("kerberos/hub/"+hubKey, 0, false, payload)
+		log.Log.Info("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): announced live HLS session " + sessionID)
+	} else {
+		log.Log.Error("cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(): failed to package receive-hls-ready message: " + err.Error())
+	}
+}

machinery/src/cloud/livehls/publisher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// Package livehls implements the agent-side producer for live HLS streaming.
+//
+// It complements the recording pipeline: where recordings are muxed into one
+// fragmented MP4 and uploaded resumably (TUS) when complete, live HLS ships a
+// continuous series of small, independently-decodable CMAF segments to hub-api
+// the instant each is produced, so a browser can play a near-live HLS stream
+// without WebRTC/TURN (outbound HTTPS only).
+//
+// The wire contract (agent -> hub-api) intentionally mirrors the existing
+// header-based storage convention (X-Kerberos-Storage-Device / -FileName, plus
+// the Hub public/private key auth headers). hub-api authenticates the agent and
+// stores each segment in an ephemeral, short-TTL live window keyed by
+// {device}/{session}, which it serves straight back to the browser. The live
+// window is deliberately kept out of the vault and the recordings collection;
+// durable archival/DVR is a separate, later concern.
+//
+// Unlike recordings, live segments are NOT uploaded resumably: a 1-2s segment
+// that fails to upload is stale by the time a retry would land, so the publisher
+// is fire-and-forget and drops on failure (logged) rather than blocking the live
+// pipeline behind a retry/handshake.
+package livehls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/video"
+)
+
+const (
+	// liveIngestPath is the hub-api endpoint that accepts a single live segment
+	// (or the init segment) and stores it in the ephemeral live window. hub-api
+	// distinguishes init vs media segment and the object name via the
+	// X-Kerberos-Live-* headers below, keeping a single route (mirrors the
+	// existing /storage/upload convention).
+	liveIngestPath = "/storage/live"
+
+	// Object names within a session. The init segment (ftyp+moov) is uploaded
+	// once per session; media segments are seg-<sequence>.m4s.
+	initObjectName = "init.mp4"
+
+	contentTypeInit    = "video/mp4"
+	contentTypeSegment = "video/iso.segment"
+
+	// Header names for the live ingest contract.
+	headerHubPublicKey  = "X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey"
+	headerHubPrivateKey = "X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey"
+	headerHubRegion     = "X-Kerberos-Hub-Region"
+	headerStorageDevice = "X-Kerberos-Storage-Device"
+	headerLiveSession   = "X-Kerberos-Live-Session"
+	headerLiveName      = "X-Kerberos-Live-Name"
+	headerLiveSequence  = "X-Kerberos-Live-Sequence"
+	headerLiveDuration  = "X-Kerberos-Live-Duration"
+
+	// defaultPublishTimeout bounds a single segment upload. A live segment that
+	// cannot be delivered within roughly its own duration is stale, so the upload
+	// is abandoned (dropped) rather than allowed to back up the pipeline.
+	defaultPublishTimeout = 4 * time.Second
+)
+
+// PublisherConfig carries the hub endpoint and credentials needed to ship live
+// segments. It is populated from the agent's models.Config (HubURI/HubKey/...).
+type PublisherConfig struct {
+	HubURI        string // base hub-api URL, e.g. https://api.hub.example.com
+	HubKey        string // Hub public key (X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey)
+	HubPrivateKey string // Hub private key (X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey)
+	Region        string // storage region (X-Kerberos-Hub-Region), may be empty
+	DeviceKey     string // device/camera key (X-Kerberos-Storage-Device)
+
+	// Timeout optionally overrides defaultPublishTimeout (used by tests).
+	Timeout time.Duration
+	// HTTPClient optionally injects a client (used by tests). When nil a
+	// redirect-credential-stripping client is created.
+	HTTPClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// Publisher ships init and media segments to hub-api over plain HTTP POST.
+//
+// It is safe for sequential use from a single live-stream goroutine. Methods are
+// fire-and-forget: they return an error for the caller to log, but the caller is
+// expected to continue (drop-on-fail) rather than retry.
+type Publisher struct {
+	cfg    PublisherConfig
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewPublisher builds a Publisher. The HTTP client strips the Hub credential
+// headers on a cross-host redirect (net/http does this for standard auth headers
+// but not custom-named ones), matching the recording upload client.
+func NewPublisher(cfg PublisherConfig) *Publisher {
+	client := cfg.HTTPClient
+	if client == nil {
+		timeout := cfg.Timeout
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultPublishTimeout
+		}
+		client = &http.Client{
+			Timeout:       timeout,
+			CheckRedirect: stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect,
+		}
+	}
+	return &Publisher{cfg: cfg, client: client}
+}
+
+// PublishInit uploads the session's init segment (ftyp+moov). It must be called
+// (and succeed) before the player can use any media segment, so the caller
+// should treat a failure here as "session not yet established" and retry on the
+// next init opportunity rather than shipping media segments blindly.
+func (p *Publisher) PublishInit(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, data []byte) error {
+	return p.post(ctx, postParams{
+		sessionID:   sessionID,
+		name:        initObjectName,
+		contentType: contentTypeInit,
+		body:        data,
+	})
+}
+
+// PublishSegment uploads one media segment (styp+moof+mdat). The segment's
+// sequence number and duration travel in headers so hub-api can update the
+// rolling playlist window without parsing the box structure.
+func (p *Publisher) PublishSegment(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, seg video.LiveSegment) error {
+	return p.post(ctx, postParams{
+		sessionID:   sessionID,
+		name:        fmt.Sprintf("seg-%d.m4s", seg.SequenceNumber),
+		sequence:    seg.SequenceNumber,
+		durationMs:  seg.DurationMs,
+		hasSegment:  true,
+		contentType: contentTypeSegment,
+		body:        seg.Data,
+	})
+}
+
+type postParams struct {
+	sessionID   string
+	name        string
+	sequence    uint32
+	durationMs  uint64
+	hasSegment  bool
+	contentType string
+	body        []byte
+}
+
+// post performs a single fire-and-forget upload to the live ingest endpoint.
+func (p *Publisher) post(ctx context.Context, params postParams) error {
+	if p.cfg.HubURI == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: HubURI not configured")
+	}
+	if params.sessionID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: empty session id")
+	}
+
+	url := strings.TrimRight(p.cfg.HubURI, "/") + liveIngestPath
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(params.body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: build request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", params.contentType)
+	req.Header.Set(headerStorageDevice, p.cfg.DeviceKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerLiveSession, params.sessionID)
+	req.Header.Set(headerLiveName, params.name)
+	if params.hasSegment {
+		req.Header.Set(headerLiveSequence, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(params.sequence), 10))
+		req.Header.Set(headerLiveDuration, strconv.FormatUint(params.durationMs, 10))
+	}
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubPublicKey, p.cfg.HubKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubPrivateKey, p.cfg.HubPrivateKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubRegion, p.cfg.Region)
+
+	resp, err := p.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: upload %s: %w", params.name, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: upload %s rejected: %s", params.name, resp.Status)
+	}
+	log.Log.Debug("livehls.Publisher.post(): shipped " + params.name + " for session " + params.sessionID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect removes the Hub credential headers when
+// a redirect crosses to a different host. net/http strips standard sensitive
+// headers on a cross-host redirect but not custom-named ones, so without this the
+// Hub keys could leak to a redirect target.
+func stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+	if len(via) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if req.URL.Host != via[0].URL.Host {
+		req.Header.Del(headerHubPrivateKey)
+		req.Header.Del(headerHubPublicKey)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

machinery/src/cloud/livehls/publisher_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package livehls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/packets"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/video"
+)
+
+// captured records one received upload for assertions.
+type captured struct {
+	path        string
+	method      string
+	contentType string
+	device      string
+	session     string
+	name        string
+	sequence    string
+	duration    string
+	hubPublic   string
+	hubPrivate  string
+	region      string
+	body        []byte
+}
+
+// newCapturingServer returns an httptest server that records every upload and
+// replies with the given status code.
+func newCapturingServer(t *testing.T, status int) (*httptest.Server, *[]captured, *sync.Mutex) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var got []captured
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		mu.Lock()
+		got = append(got, captured{
+			path:        r.URL.Path,
+			method:      r.Method,
+			contentType: r.Header.Get("Content-Type"),
+			device:      r.Header.Get(headerStorageDevice),
+			session:     r.Header.Get(headerLiveSession),
+			name:        r.Header.Get(headerLiveName),
+			sequence:    r.Header.Get(headerLiveSequence),
+			duration:    r.Header.Get(headerLiveDuration),
+			hubPublic:   r.Header.Get(headerHubPublicKey),
+			hubPrivate:  r.Header.Get(headerHubPrivateKey),
+			region:      r.Header.Get(headerHubRegion),
+			body:        body,
+		})
+		mu.Unlock()
+		w.WriteHeader(status)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+	return srv, &got, &mu
+}
+
+func testPublisher(hubURI string) *Publisher {
+	return NewPublisher(PublisherConfig{
+		HubURI:        hubURI,
+		HubKey:        "pub-key",
+		HubPrivateKey: "priv-key",
+		Region:        "eu-west",
+		DeviceKey:     "cam-1",
+		Timeout:       2 * time.Second,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPublisherPublishInitSendsContractHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, got, mu := newCapturingServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	p := testPublisher(srv.URL)
+
+	if err := p.PublishInit(context.Background(), "sess-1", []byte("INITBYTES")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PublishInit: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if len(*got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("server received %d requests, want 1", len(*got))
+	}
+	c := (*got)[0]
+	if c.method != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Errorf("method=%s, want POST", c.method)
+	}
+	if c.path != liveIngestPath {
+		t.Errorf("path=%s, want %s", c.path, liveIngestPath)
+	}
+	if c.contentType != contentTypeInit {
+		t.Errorf("content-type=%s, want %s", c.contentType, contentTypeInit)
+	}
+	if c.device != "cam-1" {
+		t.Errorf("device=%s, want cam-1", c.device)
+	}
+	if c.session != "sess-1" {
+		t.Errorf("session=%s, want sess-1", c.session)
+	}
+	if c.name != initObjectName {
+		t.Errorf("name=%s, want %s", c.name, initObjectName)
+	}
+	if c.hubPublic != "pub-key" || c.hubPrivate != "priv-key" || c.region != "eu-west" {
+		t.Errorf("auth headers wrong: pub=%q priv=%q region=%q", c.hubPublic, c.hubPrivate, c.region)
+	}
+	if string(c.body) != "INITBYTES" {
+		t.Errorf("body=%q, want INITBYTES", string(c.body))
+	}
+	// init must NOT carry segment-only headers.
+	if c.sequence != "" || c.duration != "" {
+		t.Errorf("init should not send sequence/duration, got seq=%q dur=%q", c.sequence, c.duration)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPublisherPublishSegmentSendsSequenceAndDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, got, mu := newCapturingServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	p := testPublisher(srv.URL)
+
+	seg := video.LiveSegment{SequenceNumber: 7, DurationMs: 1960, Data: []byte("SEGMENT")}
+	if err := p.PublishSegment(context.Background(), "sess-9", seg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PublishSegment: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	c := (*got)[0]
+	if c.contentType != contentTypeSegment {
+		t.Errorf("content-type=%s, want %s", c.contentType, contentTypeSegment)
+	}
+	if c.name != "seg-7.m4s" {
+		t.Errorf("name=%s, want seg-7.m4s", c.name)
+	}
+	if c.sequence != "7" {
+		t.Errorf("sequence=%s, want 7", c.sequence)
+	}
+	if c.duration != "1960" {
+		t.Errorf("duration=%s, want 1960", c.duration)
+	}
+	if string(c.body) != "SEGMENT" {
+		t.Errorf("body=%q, want SEGMENT", string(c.body))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPublisherReturnsErrorOnNon2xx(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, _, _ := newCapturingServer(t, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	p := testPublisher(srv.URL)
+
+	err := p.PublishSegment(context.Background(), "s", video.LiveSegment{SequenceNumber: 1, Data: []byte("x")})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error on 500 response")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPublisherErrorsWithoutHubURI(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPublisher(PublisherConfig{DeviceKey: "cam"})
+	if err := p.PublishInit(context.Background(), "s", []byte("x")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when HubURI is empty")
+	}
+}
+
+// makeAnnexBVideoPacket builds a synthetic capture packet carrying one Annex B
+// H.264 access unit at the given decode time (ms).
+func makeAnnexBVideoPacket(isKey bool, timeMs int64) packets.Packet {
+	nalType := byte(0x01)
+	if isKey {
+		nalType = 0x65
+	}
+	data := []byte{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, nalType}
+	for i := 0; i < 80; i++ {
+		data = append(data, byte(i))
+	}
+	return packets.Packet{
+		IsVideo:    true,
+		IsKeyFrame: isKey,
+		Codec:      "H264",
+		Data:       data,
+		TimeLegacy: time.Duration(timeMs) * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionShipsInitThenSegmentsAndFiresReady(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, got, mu := newCapturingServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	p := testPublisher(srv.URL)
+
+	sess := NewSession(p, SessionOptions{
+		Codec:           "H264",
+		SPSNALUs:        [][]byte{liveTestSPSForSession()},
+		PPSNALUs:        [][]byte{{0x68, 0xce, 0x38, 0x80}},
+		Width:           640,
+		Height:          480,
+		TargetSegmentMs: 2000,
+	})
+
+	var readyCalls int
+	var readySession string
+	sess.SetOnReady(func(id string) {
+		readyCalls++
+		readySession = id
+	})
+
+	// 4 GOPs of 25 frames @ 40ms = 1s GOPs => with 2s target, 2 segments emitted
+	// during streaming and a final one on Close.
+	const gopFrames, gops = 25, 4
+	for i := 0; i < gopFrames*gops; i++ {
+		isKey := i%gopFrames == 0
+		pkt := makeAnnexBVideoPacket(isKey, int64(i*40))
+		if err := sess.WritePacket(pkt); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WritePacket(%d): %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	// A non-video packet must be ignored.
+	if err := sess.WritePacket(packets.Packet{IsAudio: true, Data: []byte{1, 2, 3}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WritePacket(audio): %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := sess.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+
+	var initCount, segCount int
+	for _, c := range *got {
+		if c.name == initObjectName {
+			initCount++
+			if string(c.body[4:8]) != "ftyp" {
+				t.Errorf("init body is not an ftyp box: % x", c.body[:12])
+			}
+		} else {
+			segCount++
+			if c.session != sess.SessionID() {
+				t.Errorf("segment session=%s, want %s", c.session, sess.SessionID())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if initCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("init uploaded %d times, want exactly 1", initCount)
+	}
+	if segCount < 2 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d segment uploads, want >= 2", segCount)
+	}
+	if readyCalls != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("OnReady fired %d times, want exactly 1", readyCalls)
+	}
+	if readySession != sess.SessionID() {
+		t.Errorf("OnReady session=%s, want %s", readySession, sess.SessionID())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionRetriesInitWhenFirstAttemptFails(t *testing.T) {
+	// Server fails the first N requests, then succeeds. This proves init is
+	// re-attempted (not dropped) so the session can still establish.
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var inits, segs int
+	failFirst := 1
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		name := r.Header.Get(headerLiveName)
+		if name == initObjectName {
+			inits++
+			if inits <= failFirst {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+				return
+			}
+		} else {
+			segs++
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	sess := NewSession(testPublisher(srv.URL), SessionOptions{
+		Codec:    "H264",
+		SPSNALUs: [][]byte{liveTestSPSForSession()},
+		PPSNALUs: [][]byte{{0x68, 0xce, 0x38, 0x80}},
+		Width:    640,
+		Height:   480,
+	})
+
+	var ready int
+	sess.SetOnReady(func(string) { ready++ })
+
+	for i := 0; i < 60; i++ {
+		isKey := i%25 == 0
+		if err := sess.WritePacket(makeAnnexBVideoPacket(isKey, int64(i*40))); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WritePacket(%d): %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := sess.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if inits < 2 {
+		t.Errorf("init attempted %d times, want >= 2 (first failed then retried)", inits)
+	}
+	if segs < 1 {
+		t.Errorf("no segments delivered after init recovered (segs=%d)", segs)
+	}
+	if ready != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("OnReady fired %d times, want 1", ready)
+	}
+}
+
+// liveTestSPSForSession is the known-good baseline SPS reused across tests.
+func liveTestSPSForSession() []byte {
+	return []byte{0x67, 0x42, 0xc0, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x47, 0xfe, 0xc8}
+}

machinery/src/cloud/livehls/session.go

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+package livehls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/packets"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/video"
+)
+
+// DefaultTargetSegmentMs is the nominal live segment length. ~2s keeps standard
+// HLS latency reasonable (a player typically buffers ~3 segments) while staying
+// large enough that per-segment HTTP overhead is negligible.
+const DefaultTargetSegmentMs = 2000
+
+// Session ties a video.LiveSegmenter to a Publisher: it converts capture packets
+// into CMAF segments and ships each one to hub-api. Exactly one init segment is
+// delivered per session (re-attempted until it lands), after which media
+// segments are published and the OnReady signal fires once so the control plane
+// (MQTT) can tell viewers the live playlist exists.
+//
+// A Session is driven from a single goroutine (the live-stream loop); its methods
+// are not safe for concurrent use except SessionID, which is immutable.
+type Session struct {
+	id        string
+	publisher *Publisher
+	segmenter *video.LiveSegmenter
+
+	// newContext produces the per-upload context (timeout). Overridable in tests.
+	newContext func() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc)
+
+	mu            sync.Mutex
+	initBytes     []byte
+	initPublished bool
+	// lastInitAt is when the init segment was last (re)uploaded. The init is
+	// re-sent periodically so its short TTL in the hub live window never lapses
+	// mid-session; see refreshInitIfStale.
+	lastInitAt time.Time
+	readyFired bool
+	onReady    func(sessionID string)
+}
+
+// SessionOptions configures a live HLS session.
+type SessionOptions struct {
+	Codec           string   // "H264" or "H265"
+	SPSNALUs        [][]byte // parameter sets (raw or Annex B)
+	PPSNALUs        [][]byte //
+	VPSNALUs        [][]byte // H.265 only
+	Width           uint16   // encoded width (for the avcC fallback path)
+	Height          uint16   // encoded height
+	TargetSegmentMs uint64   // 0 => DefaultTargetSegmentMs
+}
+
+// NewSession builds a session with a fresh random id and wires the segmenter's
+// init/segment callbacks to the publisher.
+func NewSession(publisher *Publisher, opts SessionOptions) *Session {
+	target := opts.TargetSegmentMs
+	if target == 0 {
+		target = DefaultTargetSegmentMs
+	}
+	seg := video.NewLiveSegmenter(opts.Codec, opts.SPSNALUs, opts.PPSNALUs, opts.VPSNALUs, target)
+	seg.SetDimensions(opts.Width, opts.Height)
+
+	s := &Session{
+		id:        newSessionID(),
+		publisher: publisher,
+		segmenter: seg,
+		newContext: func() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+			return context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), defaultPublishTimeout)
+		},
+	}
+
+	// The segmenter emits the init segment exactly once; capture it and try to
+	// ship it. Failures here are non-fatal - publishInitIfNeeded re-attempts
+	// before the next media segment so a transient hub hiccup at startup does not
+	// permanently break the session.
+	seg.OnInit = func(initBytes []byte) error {
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.initBytes = append([]byte(nil), initBytes...)
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		s.publishInitIfNeeded()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Each completed media segment is shipped. We only publish a segment once the
+	// init segment has landed (a media segment is useless without it), and we fire
+	// OnReady after the first successfully shipped segment.
+	seg.OnSegment = func(segment video.LiveSegment) error {
+		if !s.publishInitIfNeeded() {
+			log.Log.Warning("livehls.Session: dropping segment " +
+				fmt.Sprintf("%d", segment.SequenceNumber) + " because init has not been delivered yet")
+			return nil
+		}
+		ctx, cancel := s.newContext()
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := s.publisher.PublishSegment(ctx, s.id, segment); err != nil {
+			log.Log.Warning("livehls.Session: " + err.Error())
+			return nil
+		}
+		s.fireReadyOnce()
+		// Keep the (write-once) init segment from ageing out of the live window
+		// while the session is still producing media.
+		s.refreshInitIfStale()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return s
+}
+
+// SessionID returns the immutable session identifier used in object keys and the
+// MQTT ready signal.
+func (s *Session) SessionID() string { return s.id }
+
+// IsReady reports whether the session has delivered its init segment and at
+// least one media segment, i.e. the playlist hub-api serves is now playable. It
+// lets the live-stream loop re-announce "receive-hls-ready" to viewers that join
+// or hard-refresh after the initial one-shot signal (which they would otherwise
+// never receive, leaving the stream blank until the session is recreated).
+func (s *Session) IsReady() bool {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.readyFired
+}
+
+// SetOnReady registers a callback fired exactly once, after the first media
+// segment has been successfully delivered. Used to publish the MQTT
+// "receive-hls-ready" signal so viewers can load the playlist.
+func (s *Session) SetOnReady(fn func(sessionID string)) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.onReady = fn
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// WritePacket feeds one capture packet into the segmenter. Non-video packets are
+// ignored (the spike is video-only). The decode timestamp is derived exactly as
+// the recording muxer does: DTS = PTS - compositionOffset, with the composition
+// offset forwarded for correct B-frame presentation order.
+func (s *Session) WritePacket(pkt packets.Packet) error {
+	if !pkt.IsVideo {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pts := uint64(pkt.TimeLegacy.Milliseconds())
+	compositionOffset := pkt.CompositionTime
+	dts := pts
+	if compositionOffset > 0 && uint64(compositionOffset) <= pts {
+		dts = pts - uint64(compositionOffset)
+	} else if compositionOffset < 0 || uint64(compositionOffset) > pts {
+		// Guard against invalid offsets to avoid producing a CTS (DTS+CTO) jump.
+		compositionOffset = 0
+	}
+	return s.segmenter.WriteSample(pkt.IsKeyFrame, pkt.Data, dts, int32(compositionOffset))
+}
+
+// Close flushes any buffered sample and ships the final segment.
+func (s *Session) Close() error {
+	return s.segmenter.Close()
+}
+
+// publishInitIfNeeded ensures the init segment has been delivered, attempting an
+// upload if it has not. Returns true once init is known to be published.
+func (s *Session) publishInitIfNeeded() bool {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.initPublished {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return true
+	}
+	initBytes := s.initBytes
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(initBytes) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := s.newContext()
+	defer cancel()
+	if err := s.publisher.PublishInit(ctx, s.id, initBytes); err != nil {
+		log.Log.Warning("livehls.Session: init upload failed, will retry: " + err.Error())
+		return false
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.initPublished = true
+	s.lastInitAt = time.Now()
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	log.Log.Info("livehls.Session: init segment delivered for session " + s.id)
+	return true
+}
+
+// initRefreshInterval is how often the init segment is re-uploaded so its TTL in
+// the hub-api live window never lapses mid-session. The init segment is otherwise
+// written only once per session; because the live window expires objects after a
+// short TTL (LiveSegmentTTLSeconds, 45s on the hub) the init would age out after
+// ~1 minute and the playlist's #EXT-X-MAP would start 404ing, stalling playback.
+// Re-uploading well inside that TTL keeps the init alive for the life of the
+// session while still letting it expire naturally once the session ends.
+const initRefreshInterval = 15 * time.Second
+
+// refreshInitIfStale re-uploads the init segment if it has not been refreshed
+// within initRefreshInterval, keeping its created_at (and thus its TTL) current
+// for as long as the session is producing segments. It is a no-op until the init
+// has first been published. Failures are non-fatal: the next segment retries.
+func (s *Session) refreshInitIfStale() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if !s.initPublished || time.Since(s.lastInitAt) < initRefreshInterval {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	initBytes := s.initBytes
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(initBytes) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := s.newContext()
+	defer cancel()
+	if err := s.publisher.PublishInit(ctx, s.id, initBytes); err != nil {
+		log.Log.Warning("livehls.Session: init refresh failed, will retry: " + err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.lastInitAt = time.Now()
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	log.Log.Debug("livehls.Session: refreshed init segment TTL for session " + s.id)
+}
+
+// fireReadyOnce invokes the OnReady callback the first time it is called.
+func (s *Session) fireReadyOnce() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.readyFired || s.onReady == nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	s.readyFired = true
+	fn := s.onReady
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	fn(s.id)
+}
+
+// newSessionID returns a short, unique, URL-safe session identifier of the form
+// <unix-seconds>-<random-hex>.
+func newSessionID() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 4)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		// rand.Read essentially never fails; fall back to a time-only id.
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", time.Now().Unix(), hex.EncodeToString(b))
+}

machinery/src/cloud/livesnapshot/publisher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Package livesnapshot implements the agent-side producer for the live-view
+// "preview" (SD) mode over HTTP.
+//
+// Historically the preview pipeline shipped each resized keyframe (a base64
+// JPEG, often chunked) to viewers over the MQTT broker. MQTT is a control plane
+// for small messages, so pushing ~1 image/second of base64 image data per
+// watched camera congests the broker and delays genuine control traffic. This
+// package moves those frames off MQTT: the agent POSTs the latest resized JPEG
+// straight to hub-api over plain HTTPS (outbound only), and viewers fetch it
+// back with their session token. Only the tiny "a viewer is watching" keepalive
+// stays on MQTT.
+//
+// The wire contract (agent -> hub-api) deliberately mirrors the live HLS ingest
+// and the existing storage-upload convention (X-Kerberos-Storage-Device plus the
+// Hub public/private key auth headers). hub-api authenticates the agent and
+// stores the frame in an ephemeral, short-TTL per-device slot which it serves
+// straight back to authorized viewers; the frame never enters the vault or the
+// recordings collection.
+//
+// Like live HLS segments, a preview frame is worthless once stale: a frame that
+// fails to upload is superseded by the next one a second later, so the publisher
+// is fire-and-forget and drops on failure (logged) rather than retrying.
+package livesnapshot
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+)
+
+const (
+	// snapshotIngestPath is the hub-api endpoint that accepts the latest preview
+	// frame and stores it in the device's ephemeral snapshot slot (mirrors the
+	// /storage/live live-HLS ingest convention).
+	snapshotIngestPath = "/storage/snapshot"
+
+	contentTypeJPEG = "image/jpeg"
+
+	// Header names for the snapshot ingest contract (shared with live HLS / storage).
+	headerHubPublicKey  = "X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey"
+	headerHubPrivateKey = "X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey"
+	headerHubRegion     = "X-Kerberos-Hub-Region"
+	headerStorageDevice = "X-Kerberos-Storage-Device"
+
+	// defaultPublishTimeout bounds a single snapshot upload. Preview frames are
+	// produced roughly once a second from a single goroutine, so an upload that
+	// cannot land in a few seconds is abandoned rather than allowed to back up the
+	// preview loop behind a slow request.
+	defaultPublishTimeout = 4 * time.Second
+)
+
+// PublisherConfig carries the hub endpoint and credentials needed to ship
+// preview frames. It is populated from the agent's models.Config (the same
+// HubURI/HubKey/HubPrivateKey used by recordings and live HLS).
+type PublisherConfig struct {
+	HubURI        string // base hub-api URL, e.g. https://api.hub.example.com
+	HubKey        string // Hub public key (X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey)
+	HubPrivateKey string // Hub private key (X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey)
+	Region        string // storage region (X-Kerberos-Hub-Region), may be empty
+	DeviceKey     string // device/camera key (X-Kerberos-Storage-Device)
+
+	// Timeout optionally overrides defaultPublishTimeout (used by tests).
+	Timeout time.Duration
+	// HTTPClient optionally injects a client (used by tests). When nil a
+	// redirect-credential-stripping client is created.
+	HTTPClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// Publisher ships the latest preview frame to hub-api over plain HTTP POST.
+//
+// It is safe for sequential use from a single live-stream goroutine. PublishSnapshot
+// is fire-and-forget: it returns an error for the caller to log, but the caller is
+// expected to continue (drop-on-fail) rather than retry.
+type Publisher struct {
+	cfg    PublisherConfig
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewPublisher builds a Publisher. The HTTP client strips the Hub credential
+// headers on a cross-host redirect (net/http does this for standard auth headers
+// but not custom-named ones), matching the recording/live-HLS upload clients.
+func NewPublisher(cfg PublisherConfig) *Publisher {
+	client := cfg.HTTPClient
+	if client == nil {
+		timeout := cfg.Timeout
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultPublishTimeout
+		}
+		client = &http.Client{
+			Timeout:       timeout,
+			CheckRedirect: stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect,
+		}
+	}
+	return &Publisher{cfg: cfg, client: client}
+}
+
+// PublishSnapshot uploads a single resized preview frame (JPEG) as the device's
+// latest snapshot. It overwrites whatever frame was there before, so viewers
+// always fetch the most recent frame.
+func (p *Publisher) PublishSnapshot(ctx context.Context, jpeg []byte) error {
+	if p.cfg.HubURI == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livesnapshot: HubURI not configured")
+	}
+	if len(jpeg) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livesnapshot: empty snapshot body")
+	}
+
+	url := strings.TrimRight(p.cfg.HubURI, "/") + snapshotIngestPath
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(jpeg))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livesnapshot: build request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentTypeJPEG)
+	req.Header.Set(headerStorageDevice, p.cfg.DeviceKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubPublicKey, p.cfg.HubKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubPrivateKey, p.cfg.HubPrivateKey)
+	req.Header.Set(headerHubRegion, p.cfg.Region)
+
+	resp, err := p.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livesnapshot: upload snapshot: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livesnapshot: upload snapshot rejected: %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+	log.Log.Debug("livesnapshot.Publisher.PublishSnapshot(): shipped preview frame for device " + p.cfg.DeviceKey)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect removes the Hub credential headers when
+// a redirect crosses to a different host. net/http strips standard sensitive
+// headers on a cross-host redirect but not custom-named ones, so without this the
+// Hub keys could leak to a redirect target.
+func stripHubCredentialsOnCrossHostRedirect(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+	if len(via) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if req.URL.Host != via[0].URL.Host {
+		req.Header.Del(headerHubPrivateKey)
+		req.Header.Del(headerHubPublicKey)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

machinery/src/cloud/tus_client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+package cloud
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/models"
+)
+
+// tusResumableVersion is the tus protocol version implemented by this client.
+const tusResumableVersion = "1.0.0"
+
+// tusUploadPath is appended to the configured Kerberos Vault URI to reach the
+// resumable upload endpoint. It mirrors how the legacy uploader appends
+// "/storage".
+const tusUploadPath = "/storage/tus/"
+
+// tusResumeState is persisted in a sidecar file next to the agent data so an
+// interrupted upload can be resumed across retries and even agent restarts.
+type tusResumeState struct {
+	UploadURL string `json:"upload_url"`
+	VaultURI  string `json:"vault_uri"`
+	Size      int64  `json:"size"`
+}
+
+// resumableUploadsEnabled reports whether the resumable (tus) upload path should
+// be attempted. It is enabled by default and can be disabled (falling back to
+// the legacy single POST) by setting AGENT_DISABLE_RESUMABLE_UPLOAD=true.
+func resumableUploadsEnabled() bool {
+	return os.Getenv("AGENT_DISABLE_RESUMABLE_UPLOAD") != "true"
+}
+
+// tusDefaultChunkSize is the number of bytes uploaded per PATCH request when no
+// explicit size is configured. Splitting the upload into chunks keeps each HTTP
+// request small enough for intermediary proxies/load balancers and checkpoints
+// progress frequently, so an interruption resumes with minimal re-upload.
+const tusDefaultChunkSize int64 = 1 << 20 // 1 MiB
+
+const tusProgressBucketPercent int64 = 10
+
+// tusChunkSize returns the number of bytes to send per PATCH request. It
+// defaults to tusDefaultChunkSize (1 MiB) and can be overridden with the
+// AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES environment variable. A value of 0 (or negative)
+// disables chunking and sends the remaining bytes in a single PATCH.
+func tusChunkSize() int64 {
+	v := os.Getenv("AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES")
+	if v == "" {
+		return tusDefaultChunkSize
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(v, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return tusDefaultChunkSize
+	}
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0 // chunking disabled: send everything in one PATCH
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func tusProgressBucket(offset, size int64) int64 {
+	if size <= 0 {
+		return 100
+	}
+	percent := (offset * 100) / size
+	if percent > 100 {
+		percent = 100
+	}
+	return percent / tusProgressBucketPercent
+}
+
+func logTusUploadProgress(label string, offset, size int64, loggedBucket *int64) {
+	bucket := tusProgressBucket(offset, size)
+	if bucket <= *loggedBucket {
+		return
+	}
+	*loggedBucket = bucket
+	percent := bucket * tusProgressBucketPercent
+	if percent > 100 {
+		percent = 100
+	}
+	log.Log.Infof("%s: resumable upload progress %d%% (%d/%d bytes)", label, percent, offset, size)
+}
+
+// tusHeaderFunc sets the authentication and routing headers required on every
+// tus request for a particular upload target (Kerberos Vault directly, or
+// Kerberos Hub which proxies to a vault). fileName is only meaningful on the
+// creation request; it is empty on HEAD/PATCH/DELETE.
+type tusHeaderFunc func(h http.Header, fileName string)
+
+// runTusUpload performs a resumable (tus) upload of data/recordings/<fileName>
+// to baseURL, sending target-specific authentication/routing headers via
+// setHeaders on every request. It encapsulates the create/resume/chunk/finalize
+// state machine shared by the Kerberos Vault (direct) and Kerberos Hub (proxied)
+// upload paths.
+//
+// Return values:
+//   - uploaded:  the recording was fully received and persisted by the server.
+//   - responded: the server returned a definitive HTTP response (used by the
+//     caller to advance its retry/secondary-failover policy).
+//   - supported: the server exposes a tus endpoint. When false, the caller
+//     should fall back to the legacy single-POST upload (older deployments).
+//   - body:      a short message for logging.
+func runTusUpload(baseURL, metadata, fileName, label, slot string, setHeaders tusHeaderFunc) (uploaded bool, responded bool, supported bool, body string, err error) {
+	fullname := "data/recordings/" + fileName
+
+	file, ferr := os.Open(fullname)
+	if file != nil {
+		defer file.Close()
+	}
+	if ferr != nil {
+		msg := label + ": resumable upload failed, file doesn't exist anymore"
+		log.Log.Info(msg)
+		// The file is gone, so the legacy path cannot help either. Report it as
+		// "supported" to avoid a pointless fallback attempt.
+		return false, false, true, "", errors.New(msg)
+	}
+
+	info, serr := file.Stat()
+	if serr != nil {
+		return false, false, true, "", serr
+	}
+	size := info.Size()
+
+	client := newVaultHTTPClient(0)
+	client.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		if len(via) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if req.URL.Host != via[0].URL.Host {
+			for k := range req.Header {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(http.CanonicalHeaderKey(k), "X-Kerberos-") {
+					req.Header.Del(k)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sidecar := tusSidecarPath(fileName, slot)
+	uploadURL := loadTusResumeState(sidecar, baseURL)
+
+	const maxAttempts = 4
+	restartedAfterComplete := false
+
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++ {
+		// (1) Ensure we have an active upload URL, creating one if needed.
+		if uploadURL == "" {
+			created, status, cerr := tusCreate(client, baseURL, size, metadata, setHeaders, fileName)
+			if cerr != nil {
+				if status == http.StatusNotFound || status == http.StatusMethodNotAllowed || status == http.StatusNotImplemented {
+					// The vault does not implement tus; let the caller fall back.
+					return false, false, false, "", cerr
+				}
+				log.Log.Info(label + ": resumable create failed, " + cerr.Error())
+				tusBackoff(attempt)
+				continue
+			}
+			uploadURL = created
+			saveTusResumeState(sidecar, tusResumeState{UploadURL: uploadURL, VaultURI: baseURL, Size: size})
+		}
+
+		// (2) Query the current server-side offset.
+		offset, status, herr := tusHead(client, uploadURL, setHeaders)
+		if herr != nil {
+			if status == http.StatusNotFound || status == http.StatusGone {
+				// The upload expired/was removed server-side; start over.
+				removeTusResumeState(sidecar)
+				uploadURL = ""
+				continue
+			}
+			log.Log.Info(label + ": resumable head failed, " + herr.Error())
+			tusBackoff(attempt)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// (3) All bytes are present but the upload was not finalized (e.g. the
+		// completion hook failed). A completed tus upload cannot be re-finalized
+		// with another PATCH, so delete it and re-upload to force a clean finalize.
+		if offset >= size {
+			if restartedAfterComplete {
+				return false, true, true, "resumable finalize did not complete", errors.New(label + ": resumable finalize did not complete")
+			}
+			tusTerminate(client, uploadURL, setHeaders)
+			removeTusResumeState(sidecar)
+			uploadURL = ""
+			restartedAfterComplete = true
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// (4) Stream the remaining bytes to the vault via PATCH, reading directly
+		// from disk so the recording is never fully buffered in memory. When a chunk
+		// size is configured the data is sent across several PATCH requests,
+		// checkpointing the offset after each one so an interruption resumes from the
+		// last completed chunk instead of re-uploading everything.
+		chunkSize := tusChunkSize()
+		progressed := false
+		patchFailed := false
+		var lastBody string
+		loggedProgressBucket := tusProgressBucket(offset, size)
+		for offset < size {
+			// Re-seek every chunk so the on-disk position always matches the
+			// server-acknowledged offset, even if a PATCH was partially accepted.
+			if _, sErr := file.Seek(offset, io.SeekStart); sErr != nil {
+				return false, false, true, "", sErr
+			}
+			patchLen := size - offset
+			if chunkSize > 0 && chunkSize < patchLen {
+				patchLen = chunkSize
+			}
+			newOffset, status, respBody, perr := tusPatch(client, uploadURL, offset, patchLen, file, setHeaders)
+			if perr != nil {
+				if status >= 400 {
+					// Definitive rejection (e.g. provider push failed during finalize).
+					// Re-evaluate via HEAD on the next iteration to decide retry/restart.
+					log.Log.Info(label + ": resumable patch rejected, " + perr.Error())
+				} else {
+					log.Log.Info(label + ": resumable patch failed, " + perr.Error())
+				}
+				tusBackoff(attempt)
+				patchFailed = true
+				break
+			}
+			if newOffset > offset {
+				progressed = true
+			}
+			offset = newOffset
+			lastBody = respBody
+			logTusUploadProgress(label, offset, size, &loggedProgressBucket)
+			if offset < size {
+				// Partial progress: persist so a later retry resumes from here.
+				saveTusResumeState(sidecar, tusResumeState{UploadURL: uploadURL, VaultURI: baseURL, Size: size})
+			}
+		}
+		if patchFailed {
+			if progressed {
+				// Forward progress refreshes the retry budget: maxAttempts bounds the
+				// number of consecutive failures, not the number of chunks needed for
+				// a large recording.
+				attempt = -1
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// All declared bytes have been sent and acknowledged: the upload is done.
+		removeTusResumeState(sidecar)
+		return true, true, true, lastBody, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, true, true, "resumable upload did not complete after retries", errors.New(label + ": resumable upload did not complete after retries")
+}
+
+// uploadVaultResumable uploads a recording directly to a Kerberos Vault using
+// the tus resumable upload protocol. Credentials travel in the
+// X-Kerberos-Storage-* headers on every request and routing (directory/provider)
+// is additionally carried in the tus Upload-Metadata.
+func uploadVaultResumable(vault models.KStorage, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName, label, slot string) (bool, bool, bool, string, error) {
+	baseURL := strings.TrimRight(vault.URI, "/") + tusUploadPath
+	metadata := encodeTusMetadata(map[string]string{
+		"filename":  fileName,
+		"device":    deviceKey,
+		"directory": vault.Directory,
+		"provider":  vault.Provider,
+		"capture":   "IPCamera",
+		"cloudkey":  publicKey,
+	})
+	setHeaders := func(h http.Header, fn string) {
+		setVaultTusHeaders(h, vault, publicKey, deviceKey, fn)
+	}
+	return runTusUpload(baseURL, metadata, fileName, label, slot, setHeaders)
+}
+
+// uploadHubResumable uploads a recording to Kerberos Hub's tus endpoint, which
+// authenticates the agent with its Hub public/private key and proxies the
+// resumable upload to the Kerberos Vault on the agent's behalf. The vault
+// directory and provider are resolved and injected by Kerberos Hub, so they are
+// intentionally omitted from the metadata here.
+func uploadHubResumable(config *models.Config, fileName, label, slot string) (bool, bool, bool, string, error) {
+	baseURL := strings.TrimRight(config.HubURI, "/") + tusUploadPath
+	metadata := encodeTusMetadata(map[string]string{
+		"filename": fileName,
+		"device":   config.Key,
+		"capture":  "IPCamera",
+	})
+	setHeaders := func(h http.Header, fn string) {
+		setHubTusHeaders(h, config, fn)
+	}
+	return runTusUpload(baseURL, metadata, fileName, label, slot, setHeaders)
+}
+
+// tusCreate performs the tus "creation" request (POST). On success it returns
+// the resolved upload URL the agent should use for subsequent HEAD/PATCH calls.
+func tusCreate(client *http.Client, baseURL string, size int64, metadata string, setHeaders tusHeaderFunc, fileName string) (string, int, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", baseURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Tus-Resumable", tusResumableVersion)
+	req.Header.Set("Upload-Length", strconv.FormatInt(size, 10))
+	if metadata != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Upload-Metadata", metadata)
+	}
+	setHeaders(req.Header, fileName)
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0, err
+	}
+	io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		return "", resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("unexpected status creating upload: %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+	location := resp.Header.Get("Location")
+	if location == "" {
+		return "", resp.StatusCode, errors.New("missing Location header in create response")
+	}
+	return resolveTusLocation(baseURL, location), resp.StatusCode, nil
+}
+
+// tusHead performs the tus "offset" request (HEAD) and returns the current
+// server-side upload offset.
+func tusHead(client *http.Client, uploadURL string, setHeaders tusHeaderFunc) (int64, int, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("HEAD", uploadURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Tus-Resumable", tusResumableVersion)
+	setHeaders(req.Header, "")
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		return 0, resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("unexpected status on HEAD: %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+	offsetStr := resp.Header.Get("Upload-Offset")
+	offset, perr := strconv.ParseInt(offsetStr, 10, 64)
+	if perr != nil {
+		return 0, resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("invalid Upload-Offset header: %q", offsetStr)
+	}
+	return offset, resp.StatusCode, nil
+}
+
+// tusPatch streams up to length bytes of the file (starting at offset) to the
+// upload URL using a single PATCH request. The body is read straight from the
+// *os.File, so the recording is never fully buffered in memory.
+func tusPatch(client *http.Client, uploadURL string, offset, length int64, file io.Reader, setHeaders tusHeaderFunc) (int64, int, string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("PATCH", uploadURL, io.LimitReader(file, length))
+	if err != nil {
+		return offset, 0, "", err
+	}
+	req.ContentLength = length
+	req.Header.Set("Tus-Resumable", tusResumableVersion)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/offset+octet-stream")
+	req.Header.Set("Upload-Offset", strconv.FormatInt(offset, 10))
+	setHeaders(req.Header, "")
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return offset, 0, "", err
+	}
+	bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	respBody := string(bodyBytes)
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		return offset, resp.StatusCode, respBody, fmt.Errorf("unexpected status on PATCH: %s, %s", resp.Status, respBody)
+	}
+	newOffsetStr := resp.Header.Get("Upload-Offset")
+	newOffset, perr := strconv.ParseInt(newOffsetStr, 10, 64)
+	if perr != nil {
+		// A 204 without a parseable offset means this PATCH was fully accepted.
+		return offset + length, resp.StatusCode, respBody, nil
+	}
+	return newOffset, resp.StatusCode, respBody, nil
+}
+
+// tusTerminate best-effort deletes an upload server-side (DELETE).
+func tusTerminate(client *http.Client, uploadURL string, setHeaders tusHeaderFunc) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", uploadURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Tus-Resumable", tusResumableVersion)
+	setHeaders(req.Header, "")
+
+	resp, derr := client.Do(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	_ = derr
+}
+
+// setVaultTusHeaders sets the Kerberos Vault authentication and routing headers
+// on every tus request. Credentials are sent on each request (and never stored
+// server-side in the upload metadata). When fileName is empty it is omitted, as
+// it is only useful on the creation request (routing also travels in the tus
+// Upload-Metadata).
+func setVaultTusHeaders(h http.Header, vault models.KStorage, publicKey, deviceKey, fileName string) {
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-CloudKey", publicKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-AccessKey", vault.AccessKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-SecretAccessKey", vault.SecretAccessKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Provider", vault.Provider)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device", deviceKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Directory", vault.Directory)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Capture", "IPCamera")
+	if fileName != "" {
+		h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName", fileName)
+	}
+}
+
+// setHubTusHeaders sets the Kerberos Hub authentication headers on every tus
+// request of a hub-proxied resumable upload. The agent authenticates with its
+// Hub public/private key (exactly as the legacy single-POST hub upload does);
+// Kerberos Hub validates the subscription and injects the vault credentials and
+// directory/provider on the agent's behalf.
+func setHubTusHeaders(h http.Header, config *models.Config, fileName string) {
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey", config.HubKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey", config.HubPrivateKey)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Hub-Region", config.S3.Region)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device", config.Key)
+	h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-Capture", "IPCamera")
+	if fileName != "" {
+		h.Set("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName", fileName)
+	}
+}
+
+// encodeTusMetadata serializes a map into the tus Upload-Metadata header format:
+// a comma separated list of "key base64(value)" pairs. Keys are sorted for a
+// deterministic header value. Empty values are skipped.
+func encodeTusMetadata(pairs map[string]string) string {
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(pairs))
+	for k, v := range pairs {
+		if v == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, k+" "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v)))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(parts)
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}
+
+// resolveTusLocation turns the Location header returned by the create request
+// into an absolute URL. To keep talking to the agent's configured vault host
+// (and avoid issues when the vault sits behind a proxy that rewrites the host),
+// it keeps the configured base URL and only appends the server-assigned upload
+// id taken from the Location.
+func resolveTusLocation(baseURL, location string) string {
+	if ref, err := url.Parse(location); err == nil {
+		trimmed := strings.Trim(ref.Path, "/")
+		if trimmed != "" {
+			segments := strings.Split(trimmed, "/")
+			id := segments[len(segments)-1]
+			if id != "" {
+				return strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") + "/" + id
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Fallback: resolve the reference against the base URL as-is.
+	if base, err := url.Parse(baseURL); err == nil {
+		if ref, err := url.Parse(location); err == nil {
+			return base.ResolveReference(ref).String()
+		}
+	}
+	return location
+}
+
+// tusSidecarDir is the directory where resume state files are kept. It is
+// intentionally separate from data/cloud (which is scanned for recordings to
+// upload) so the sidecar files are never mistaken for recordings.
+func tusSidecarDir() string {
+	return "data/tus"
+}
+
+func tusSidecarPath(fileName, slot string) string {
+	safe := strings.ReplaceAll(fileName, "/", "_")
+	safe = strings.ReplaceAll(safe, string(os.PathSeparator), "_")
+	return filepath.Join(tusSidecarDir(), safe+"."+slot+".json")
+}
+
+// loadTusResumeState returns a previously stored upload URL for the given
+// sidecar, but only if it was created against the same vault base URL. Any
+// mismatch or read/parse error yields an empty string (start fresh).
+func loadTusResumeState(path, baseURL string) string {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var state tusResumeState
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &state); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if state.UploadURL == "" || state.VaultURI != baseURL {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return state.UploadURL
+}
+
+func saveTusResumeState(path string, state tusResumeState) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(state)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = os.WriteFile(path, b, 0o644)
+}
+
+func removeTusResumeState(path string) {
+	_ = os.Remove(path)
+}
+
+// tusBackoff sleeps for an exponentially increasing duration (capped) between
+// resume attempts to avoid hammering a temporarily unavailable vault.
+func tusBackoff(attempt int) {
+	delay := time.Duration(500*(1<<uint(attempt))) * time.Millisecond
+	if delay > 3*time.Second {
+		delay = 3 * time.Second
+	}
+	time.Sleep(delay)
+}

machinery/src/cloud/tus_client_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+package cloud
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/models"
+)
+
+// fakeUpload tracks the state of a single resumable upload on the fake server.
+type fakeUpload struct {
+	size   int64
+	offset int64
+}
+
+// recordedRequest captures the method and headers of a request received by the
+// fake tus server, so tests can assert the client's per-method auth headers.
+type recordedRequest struct {
+	method string
+	header http.Header
+}
+
+// fakeTus is a tiny in-memory implementation of the tus 1.0.0 server protocol,
+// sufficient to exercise the agent's resumable client.
+type fakeTus struct {
+	mu             sync.Mutex
+	uploads        map[string]*fakeUpload
+	counter        int
+	creates        int
+	lastPatchBytes int64
+	patchSizes     []int64
+
+	// unsupported makes the creation endpoint return 404, simulating an older
+	// vault without a tus endpoint.
+	unsupported bool
+	// failFinalize causes the next N completing PATCH requests to return 502
+	// after storing the bytes, simulating a failed completion hook.
+	failFinalize int
+
+	// requests records the headers of every received request (in order) so
+	// tests can assert which auth/routing headers the client sent per method.
+	requests []recordedRequest
+}
+
+func newFakeTus() *fakeTus {
+	return &fakeTus{uploads: map[string]*fakeUpload{}}
+}
+
+func (s *fakeTus) seed(size, offset int64) string {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.counter++
+	id := fmt.Sprintf("seed-%d", s.counter)
+	s.uploads[id] = &fakeUpload{size: size, offset: offset}
+	return id
+}
+
+func (s *fakeTus) totalBytes() int64 {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	var total int64
+	for _, u := range s.uploads {
+		total += u.offset
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func (s *fakeTus) lastPatch() int64 {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.lastPatchBytes
+}
+
+// patchCounts returns the number of PATCH requests received and the size of each.
+func (s *fakeTus) patchCounts() (int, []int64) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	sizes := make([]int64, len(s.patchSizes))
+	copy(sizes, s.patchSizes)
+	return len(s.patchSizes), sizes
+}
+
+func (s *fakeTus) createCount() int {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.creates
+}
+
+// requestsForMethod returns the recorded requests for the given HTTP method.
+func (s *fakeTus) requestsForMethod(method string) []recordedRequest {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []recordedRequest
+	for _, req := range s.requests {
+		if req.method == method {
+			out = append(out, req)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (s *fakeTus) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	id := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, tusUploadPath)
+	w.Header().Set("Tus-Resumable", tusResumableVersion)
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.requests = append(s.requests, recordedRequest{method: r.Method, header: r.Header.Clone()})
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodPost:
+		if s.unsupported {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+		length, _ := strconv.ParseInt(r.Header.Get("Upload-Length"), 10, 64)
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.counter++
+		s.creates++
+		newID := fmt.Sprintf("up-%d", s.counter)
+		s.uploads[newID] = &fakeUpload{size: length}
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		w.Header().Set("Location", tusUploadPath+newID)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+
+	case http.MethodHead:
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		u, ok := s.uploads[id]
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		if !ok {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Upload-Offset", strconv.FormatInt(u.offset, 10))
+		w.Header().Set("Upload-Length", strconv.FormatInt(u.size, 10))
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+
+	case http.MethodPatch:
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		u, ok := s.uploads[id]
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		if !ok {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+		n, _ := io.Copy(io.Discard, r.Body)
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		u.offset += n
+		s.lastPatchBytes = n
+		s.patchSizes = append(s.patchSizes, n)
+		complete := u.offset >= u.size
+		failNow := complete && s.failFinalize > 0
+		if failNow {
+			s.failFinalize--
+		}
+		offset := u.offset
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+
+		w.Header().Set("Upload-Offset", strconv.FormatInt(offset, 10))
+		if failNow {
+			// Bytes are stored but the (simulated) completion hook failed.
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+			return
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+
+	case http.MethodDelete:
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		delete(s.uploads, id)
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+
+	default:
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+	}
+}
+
+// withRecording switches into a fresh temp working directory containing a
+// recording at data/recordings/<fileName>. The working directory is restored on
+// cleanup. Tests using this helper must not run in parallel.
+func withRecording(t *testing.T, fileName string, payload []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	old, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("getwd: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chdir(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("chdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Chdir(old) })
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll("data/recordings", 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir recordings: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("data/recordings", fileName), payload, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write recording: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func testVault(uri string) models.KStorage {
+	return models.KStorage{
+		URI:             uri,
+		AccessKey:       "ak",
+		SecretAccessKey: "sk",
+		Provider:        "gcp",
+		Directory:       "dir",
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("x"), 4096)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+
+	uploaded, responded, supported, _, err := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !responded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("uploaded/responded/supported = %v/%v/%v, want all true", uploaded, responded, supported)
+	}
+	if got := srv.totalBytes(); got != int64(len(payload)) {
+		t.Fatalf("server received %d bytes, want %d", got, len(payload))
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(tusSidecarPath(fileName, "primary")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sidecar to be removed after success, stat err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_Chunked(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	// 10 KiB payload uploaded in 4 KiB chunks => 3 PATCH requests (4096+4096+2048).
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("c"), 10240)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+	t.Setenv("AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES", "4096")
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, err := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("expected chunked upload success, got uploaded=%v supported=%v", uploaded, supported)
+	}
+	if got := srv.totalBytes(); got != int64(len(payload)) {
+		t.Fatalf("server received %d bytes, want %d", got, len(payload))
+	}
+	count, sizes := srv.patchCounts()
+	if count != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 chunked PATCH requests, got %d (sizes=%v)", count, sizes)
+	}
+	want := []int64{4096, 4096, 2048}
+	for i, w := range want {
+		if sizes[i] != w {
+			t.Fatalf("chunk %d size = %d, want %d (sizes=%v)", i, sizes[i], w, sizes)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(tusSidecarPath(fileName, "primary")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sidecar removed after success, stat err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_ChunkingDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("d"), 10240)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+	// 0 disables chunking: the whole file should go out in a single PATCH.
+	t.Setenv("AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES", "0")
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, err := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got uploaded=%v supported=%v", uploaded, supported)
+	}
+	count, sizes := srv.patchCounts()
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a single PATCH when chunking is disabled, got %d (sizes=%v)", count, sizes)
+	}
+	if sizes[0] != int64(len(payload)) {
+		t.Fatalf("single PATCH size = %d, want %d", sizes[0], len(payload))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTusChunkSize(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		env  string
+		set  bool
+		want int64
+	}{
+		{name: "default when unset", set: false, want: tusDefaultChunkSize},
+		{name: "default on invalid", env: "notanumber", set: true, want: tusDefaultChunkSize},
+		{name: "explicit value", env: "65536", set: true, want: 65536},
+		{name: "zero disables", env: "0", set: true, want: 0},
+		{name: "negative disables", env: "-5", set: true, want: 0},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.set {
+				t.Setenv("AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES", tc.env)
+			} else {
+				t.Setenv("AGENT_TUS_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES", "")
+			}
+			if got := tusChunkSize(); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("tusChunkSize() = %d, want %d", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_Unsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	srv.unsupported = true
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "f.mp4"
+	withRecording(t, fileName, []byte("hello"))
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, _ := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if uploaded {
+		t.Fatal("expected uploaded=false against a vault without a tus endpoint")
+	}
+	if supported {
+		t.Fatal("expected supported=false so the caller falls back to the legacy upload")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_FinalizeRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	srv.failFinalize = 1
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("y"), 2048)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, err := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success after a failed finalize + restart, got uploaded=%v supported=%v", uploaded, supported)
+	}
+	if got := srv.createCount(); got < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 2 create requests (restart after failed finalize), got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadVaultResumable_ResumeFromSidecar(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	total := 8192
+	half := 4096
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("z"), total)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+
+	// Simulate a previous run that uploaded half the file before being interrupted.
+	id := srv.seed(int64(total), int64(half))
+	baseURL := strings.TrimRight(ts.URL, "/") + tusUploadPath
+	saveTusResumeState(tusSidecarPath(fileName, "primary"), tusResumeState{
+		UploadURL: strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") + "/" + id,
+		VaultURI:  baseURL,
+		Size:      int64(total),
+	})
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, err := uploadVaultResumable(testVault(ts.URL), "pk", "dev", fileName, "test", "primary")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("expected resume success, got uploaded=%v supported=%v", uploaded, supported)
+	}
+	if got := srv.lastPatch(); got != int64(total-half) {
+		t.Fatalf("resume should only send the remaining %d bytes, sent %d", total-half, got)
+	}
+	if srv.createCount() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("resume should not create a new upload, got %d creates", srv.createCount())
+	}
+}
+
+func testHubConfig(hubURI string) *models.Config {
+	return &models.Config{
+		Key:           "device-key",
+		HubURI:        hubURI,
+		HubKey:        "hubpub",
+		HubPrivateKey: "hubpriv",
+		S3:            &models.S3{Region: "eu-west"},
+	}
+}
+
+// decodeTusMetadata parses a tus Upload-Metadata header value ("key b64,key b64")
+// back into a map of decoded key/value pairs.
+func decodeTusMetadata(meta string) map[string]string {
+	out := map[string]string{}
+	if meta == "" {
+		return out
+	}
+	for _, pair := range strings.Split(meta, ",") {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(pair), " ", 2)
+		if parts[0] == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		val := ""
+		if len(parts) == 2 {
+			if b, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1]); err == nil {
+				val = string(b)
+			}
+		}
+		out[parts[0]] = val
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestUploadHubResumable_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "1564859471_6-474162_oprit_577-283-727-375_1153_27.mp4"
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("h"), 4096)
+	withRecording(t, fileName, payload)
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, err := uploadHubResumable(testHubConfig(ts.URL), fileName, "test", "hub")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !uploaded || !supported {
+		t.Fatalf("uploaded/supported = %v/%v, want both true", uploaded, supported)
+	}
+	if got := srv.totalBytes(); got != int64(len(payload)) {
+		t.Fatalf("server received %d bytes, want %d", got, len(payload))
+	}
+
+	// The Hub auth headers must be present on every request type (POST/HEAD/PATCH),
+	// because Kerberos Hub validates them on each proxied request. Conversely the
+	// vault credentials/routing are injected by Kerberos Hub on the agent's behalf
+	// and must never be sent by the agent on the hub path.
+	for _, method := range []string{http.MethodPost, http.MethodHead, http.MethodPatch} {
+		reqs := srv.requestsForMethod(method)
+		if len(reqs) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected at least one %s request", method)
+		}
+		for _, req := range reqs {
+			if got := req.header.Get("X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey"); got != "hubpub" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: X-Kerberos-Hub-PublicKey = %q, want %q", method, got, "hubpub")
+			}
+			if got := req.header.Get("X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey"); got != "hubpriv" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: X-Kerberos-Hub-PrivateKey = %q, want %q", method, got, "hubpriv")
+			}
+			if got := req.header.Get("X-Kerberos-Hub-Region"); got != "eu-west" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: X-Kerberos-Hub-Region = %q, want %q", method, got, "eu-west")
+			}
+			if got := req.header.Get("X-Kerberos-Storage-Device"); got != "device-key" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: X-Kerberos-Storage-Device = %q, want %q", method, got, "device-key")
+			}
+			for _, h := range []string{
+				"X-Kerberos-Storage-AccessKey",
+				"X-Kerberos-Storage-SecretAccessKey",
+				"X-Kerberos-Storage-CloudKey",
+				"X-Kerberos-Storage-Provider",
+				"X-Kerberos-Storage-Directory",
+			} {
+				if got := req.header.Get(h); got != "" {
+					t.Errorf("%s: %s should be empty on the hub path, got %q", method, h, got)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The creation request carries the upload metadata; on the hub path it must
+	// omit directory/provider/cloudkey (Hub resolves those) but include
+	// filename/device/capture. The filename header is also set on create.
+	posts := srv.requestsForMethod(http.MethodPost)
+	if got := posts[0].header.Get("X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName"); got != fileName {
+		t.Errorf("POST X-Kerberos-Storage-FileName = %q, want %q", got, fileName)
+	}
+	meta := decodeTusMetadata(posts[0].header.Get("Upload-Metadata"))
+	for _, omitted := range []string{"directory", "provider", "cloudkey"} {
+		if _, ok := meta[omitted]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("hub metadata must omit %q, got %v", omitted, meta)
+		}
+	}
+	if meta["filename"] != fileName {
+		t.Errorf("hub metadata filename = %q, want %q", meta["filename"], fileName)
+	}
+	if meta["device"] != "device-key" {
+		t.Errorf("hub metadata device = %q, want %q", meta["device"], "device-key")
+	}
+	if meta["capture"] != "IPCamera" {
+		t.Errorf("hub metadata capture = %q, want %q", meta["capture"], "IPCamera")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadHubResumable_Unsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newFakeTus()
+	srv.unsupported = true
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(srv)
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	fileName := "f.mp4"
+	withRecording(t, fileName, []byte("hello"))
+
+	uploaded, _, supported, _, _ := uploadHubResumable(testHubConfig(ts.URL), fileName, "test", "hub")
+	if uploaded {
+		t.Fatal("expected uploaded=false against a hub without a tus endpoint")
+	}
+	if supported {
+		t.Fatal("expected supported=false so the caller falls back to the legacy upload")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeTusMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	got := encodeTusMetadata(map[string]string{
+		"b":     "2",
+		"a":     "1",
+		"empty": "",
+	})
+	// keys sorted, empty values skipped, values base64-encoded.
+	want := "a MQ==,b Mg=="
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("encodeTusMetadata = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveTusLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		base     string
+		location string
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "absolute path location",
+			base:     "http://host/storage/tus/",
+			location: "/storage/tus/abc",
+			want:     "http://host/storage/tus/abc",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "absolute url keeps configured host",
+			base:     "http://host/storage/tus/",
+			location: "http://internal:8080/storage/tus/xyz",
+			want:     "http://host/storage/tus/xyz",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "relative id",
+			base:     "http://host/api/storage/tus/",
+			location: "abc",
+			want:     "http://host/api/storage/tus/abc",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := resolveTusLocation(tc.base, tc.location); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("resolveTusLocation(%q, %q) = %q, want %q", tc.base, tc.location, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTusResumeStateRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	old, _ := os.Getwd()
+	if err := os.Chdir(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("chdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Chdir(old)
+
+	path := tusSidecarPath("file.mp4", "primary")
+	state := tusResumeState{UploadURL: "http://host/storage/tus/abc", VaultURI: "http://host/storage/tus/", Size: 123}
+	saveTusResumeState(path, state)
+
+	if got := loadTusResumeState(path, state.VaultURI); got != state.UploadURL {
+		t.Fatalf("loadTusResumeState = %q, want %q", got, state.UploadURL)
+	}
+	// A mismatched vault URI must not be reused.
+	if got := loadTusResumeState(path, "http://other/storage/tus/"); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("loadTusResumeState with mismatched vault = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+}

machinery/src/components/kerberos.go

@@ -70,8 +70,10 @@ func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, configDirectory string, configuration *model
 	communication.HandleUpload = make(chan string, 1)
 	communication.HandleHeartBeat = make(chan string, 1)
 	communication.HandleLiveSD = make(chan int64, 1)
+	communication.HandleLiveSDHTTP = make(chan int64, 1)
 	communication.HandleLiveHDKeepalive = make(chan string, 1)
 	communication.HandleLiveHDPeers = make(chan string, 1)
+	communication.HandleLiveHLS = make(chan int64, 1)
 	communication.IsConfiguring = abool.New()
 
 	cameraSettings := &models.Camera{}
@@ -176,19 +178,10 @@ func RunAgent(configDirectory string, configuration *models.Configuration, commu
 	configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.Height = height
 
 	// Set the liveview width and height, this is used for the liveview and motion regions (drawing on the hub).
-	baseWidth := config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth
+	// ResolveBaseDimensions gates the aspect-ratio compute on width/height > 0
-	baseHeight := config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight
+	// so a not-yet-probed stream can't poison the dimensions and crash resize.
-	// If the liveview height is not set, we will calculate it based on the width and aspect ratio of the camera.
+	configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth, configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight =
-	if baseWidth > 0 && baseHeight == 0 {
+		utils.ResolveBaseDimensions(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth, config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight, width, height)
-		widthAspectRatio := float64(baseWidth) / float64(width)
-		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = int(float64(height) * widthAspectRatio)
-	} else if baseHeight > 0 && baseWidth > 0 {
-		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = baseHeight
-		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth = baseWidth
-	} else {
-		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = height
-		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth = width
-	}
 
 	// Set the SPS and PPS values in the configuration.
 	configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.SPSNALUs = [][]byte{videoStream.SPS}
@@ -246,19 +239,8 @@ func RunAgent(configDirectory string, configuration *models.Configuration, commu
 
 		// If we have a substream, we need to set the width and height of the substream. (so we will override above information)
 		// Set the liveview width and height, this is used for the liveview and motion regions (drawing on the hub).
-		baseWidth := config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth
+		configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth, configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight =
-		baseHeight := config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight
+			utils.ResolveBaseDimensions(config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth, config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight, width, height)
-		// If the liveview height is not set, we will calculate it based on the width and aspect ratio of the camera.
-		if baseWidth > 0 && baseHeight == 0 {
-			widthAspectRatio := float64(baseWidth) / float64(width)
-			configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = int(float64(height) * widthAspectRatio)
-		} else if baseHeight > 0 && baseWidth > 0 {
-			configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = baseHeight
-			configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth = baseWidth
-		} else {
-			configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseHeight = height
-			configuration.Config.Capture.IPCamera.BaseWidth = width
-		}
 	}
 
 	// We are creating a queue to store the RTSP frames in, these frames will be
@@ -304,6 +286,18 @@ func RunAgent(configDirectory string, configuration *models.Configuration, commu
 		go cloud.HandleLiveStreamSD(livestreamCursor, configuration, communication, mqttClient, rtspClient)
 	}
 
+	// Handle livestream HLS (adaptive segments over HTTP via hub-api -> vault).
+	// Uses the sub stream when available (lower bitrate, browser-friendly), else
+	// the main stream. Like SD it is viewer-keepalive gated and produces no
+	// traffic while nobody is watching.
+	if subStreamEnabled {
+		livestreamHLSCursor := subQueue.Latest()
+		go cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(livestreamHLSCursor, configuration, communication, mqttClient, rtspSubClient)
+	} else {
+		livestreamHLSCursor := queue.Latest()
+		go cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS(livestreamHLSCursor, configuration, communication, mqttClient, rtspClient)
+	}
+
 	// Handle livestream HD (high resolution over WEBRTC)
 	communication.HandleLiveHDHandshake = make(chan models.LiveHDHandshake, 100)
 	if subStreamEnabled {

machinery/src/models/communication.go

@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@ type Communication struct {
 	HandleUpload          chan string
 	HandleHeartBeat       chan string
 	HandleLiveSD          chan int64
+	HandleLiveSDHTTP      chan int64
 	HandleLiveHDKeepalive chan string
 	HandleLiveHDHandshake chan LiveHDHandshake
 	HandleLiveHDPeers     chan string
+	HandleLiveHLS         chan int64
 	HandleONVIF           chan OnvifAction
 	IsConfiguring         *abool.AtomicBool
 	Queue                 *packets.Queue

machinery/src/models/mqtt.go

@@ -171,6 +171,19 @@ type UpdateConfigPayload struct {
 // We received a request SD stream request
 type RequestSDStreamPayload struct {
 	Timestamp int64 `json:"timestamp"` // timestamp
+	// Transport selects how the agent should deliver the preview frames for this
+	// viewer. "http" asks the agent to POST frames to hub-api (keeping them off
+	// MQTT); empty/absent means the legacy MQTT image push. Older agents simply
+	// ignore this unknown field and keep doing MQTT, and older frontends never set
+	// it — so new/old agents and frontends interoperate in every combination.
+	Transport string `json:"transport,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// We received a live HLS stream request. Like SD it is a simple viewer
+// keepalive: the agent owns the live HLS session, so the request only needs to
+// signal "a viewer is watching" to keep the segment pipeline alive.
+type RequestHLSStreamPayload struct {
+	Timestamp int64 `json:"timestamp"` // timestamp
 }
 
 // We received a request HD stream request

machinery/src/routers/mqtt/main.go

@@ -344,6 +344,8 @@ func MQTTListenerHandler(mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey string, configDirectory
 					go HandleRequestSDStream(mqttClient, hubKey, payload, configuration, communication)
 				case "request-hd-stream":
 					go HandleRequestHDStream(mqttClient, hubKey, payload, configuration, communication)
+				case "request-hls-stream":
+					go HandleRequestHLSStream(mqttClient, hubKey, payload, configuration, communication)
 				case "receive-hd-candidates":
 					go HandleReceiveHDCandidates(mqttClient, hubKey, payload, configuration, communication)
 				case "trigger-relay":
@@ -548,9 +550,20 @@ func HandleRequestSDStream(mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey string, payload models
 
 	if requestSDStreamPayload.Timestamp != 0 {
 		if communication.CameraConnected {
-			select {
+			// A viewer that opted into the HTTP transport is signalled on a separate
-			case communication.HandleLiveSD <- time.Now().Unix():
+			// channel so the producer ships its frames to hub-api over HTTP instead of
-			default:
+			// publishing them over MQTT. Any other (or absent) transport keeps the
+			// legacy MQTT image push, so older frontends behave exactly as before.
+			if requestSDStreamPayload.Transport == "http" {
+				select {
+				case communication.HandleLiveSDHTTP <- time.Now().Unix():
+				default:
+				}
+			} else {
+				select {
+				case communication.HandleLiveSD <- time.Now().Unix():
+				default:
+				}
 			}
 			log.Log.Info("routers.mqtt.main.HandleRequestSDStream(): received request to livestream.")
 		} else {
@@ -559,6 +572,30 @@ func HandleRequestSDStream(mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey string, payload models
 	}
 }
 
+// HandleRequestHLSStream is the viewer keepalive for live HLS. Like the SD
+// stream it simply signals that a viewer is watching; the agent owns the live
+// HLS session, so a single non-zero timestamp on the channel keeps the segment
+// pipeline alive (see cloud.HandleLiveStreamHLS). Viewers republish this
+// periodically; when the keepalives stop, the agent tears the session down.
+func HandleRequestHLSStream(mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey string, payload models.Payload, configuration *models.Configuration, communication *models.Communication) {
+	value := payload.Value
+	jsonData, _ := json.Marshal(value)
+	var requestHLSStreamPayload models.RequestHLSStreamPayload
+	json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &requestHLSStreamPayload)
+
+	if requestHLSStreamPayload.Timestamp != 0 {
+		if communication.CameraConnected {
+			select {
+			case communication.HandleLiveHLS <- time.Now().Unix():
+			default:
+			}
+			log.Log.Info("routers.mqtt.main.HandleRequestHLSStream(): received request to livestream over HLS.")
+		} else {
+			log.Log.Info("routers.mqtt.main.HandleRequestHLSStream(): received request to livestream over HLS, but camera is not connected.")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func HandleRequestHDStream(mqttClient mqtt.Client, hubKey string, payload models.Payload, configuration *models.Configuration, communication *models.Communication) {
 	value := payload.Value
 	// Convert map[string]interface{} to RequestHDStreamPayload

machinery/src/utils/main.go

@@ -427,12 +427,49 @@ func ResizeImage(img image.Image, newWidth uint, newHeight uint) (*image.Image,
 		return nil, errors.New("image is nil")
 	}
 
+	// Callers cast int->uint, so a negative or poisoned int (e.g. MinInt from
+	// `int(float * +Inf)` when the source width is 0) wraps to a near-MaxUint
+	// value here and crashes nfnt/resize's allocator with "makeslice: len out
+	// of range". Clamp anything past a sane camera ceiling to 0 ("auto" in
+	// nfnt — preserves aspect from the source).
+	const maxDim uint = 8192
+	if newWidth > maxDim {
+		newWidth = 0
+	}
+	if newHeight > maxDim {
+		newHeight = 0
+	}
+
 	// resize to width 640 using Lanczos resampling
 	// and preserve aspect ratio
 	m := resize.Resize(newWidth, newHeight, img, resize.Lanczos3)
 	return &m, nil
 }
 
+// ResolveBaseDimensions resolves the liveview/motion base dimensions for a
+// stream given the (optionally configured) base width/height and the camera's
+// probed source width/height. It returns the width and height that should be
+// stored on the configuration.
+//
+// The aspect-ratio branch is gated on width>0 && height>0: a not-yet-probed
+// stream has width=height=0, which previously made the ratio +Inf and
+// int(float * +Inf) yield MinInt. That poisoned value, later cast to uint at
+// the ResizeImage call sites, wrapped to ~MaxUint and crashed resize with
+// "makeslice: len out of range". When the source isn't probed yet we fall back
+// to the source dimensions (0,0 -> "auto") instead.
+func ResolveBaseDimensions(baseWidth, baseHeight, width, height int) (int, int) {
+	if baseWidth > 0 && baseHeight == 0 && width > 0 && height > 0 {
+		// Derive the height from the configured width and the source aspect ratio.
+		widthAspectRatio := float64(baseWidth) / float64(width)
+		return baseWidth, int(float64(height) * widthAspectRatio)
+	} else if baseHeight > 0 && baseWidth > 0 {
+		// Both base dimensions are configured; honor them as-is.
+		return baseWidth, baseHeight
+	}
+	// Nothing usable configured (or source not probed yet): use source dimensions.
+	return width, height
+}
+
 func ResizeHeightWithAspectRatio(newWidth int, width int, height int) (int, int) {
 	if newWidth <= 0 || width <= 0 || height <= 0 {
 		return width, height

machinery/src/utils/resize_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestResolveBaseDimensions(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		baseWidth, baseHeight int
+		width, height         int
+		wantWidth, wantHeight int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "base width set, height derived from aspect ratio",
+			baseWidth: 640, baseHeight: 0,
+			width: 1920, height: 1080,
+			wantWidth: 640, wantHeight: 360,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "both base dimensions configured are honored",
+			baseWidth: 640, baseHeight: 480,
+			width: 1920, height: 1080,
+			wantWidth: 640, wantHeight: 480,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "no base configured falls back to source dimensions",
+			baseWidth: 0, baseHeight: 0,
+			width: 1920, height: 1080,
+			wantWidth: 1920, wantHeight: 1080,
+		},
+		{
+			// Regression: a not-yet-probed stream has width=height=0. The old
+			// aspect-ratio branch divided by zero (float * +Inf -> MinInt) and
+			// poisoned BaseHeight, later crashing resize with makeslice panic.
+			name:      "unprobed stream (width=0) does not poison dimensions",
+			baseWidth: 640, baseHeight: 0,
+			width: 0, height: 0,
+			wantWidth: 0, wantHeight: 0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gotWidth, gotHeight := ResolveBaseDimensions(tt.baseWidth, tt.baseHeight, tt.width, tt.height)
+			if gotWidth != tt.wantWidth || gotHeight != tt.wantHeight {
+				t.Fatalf("ResolveBaseDimensions(%d,%d,%d,%d) = (%d,%d), want (%d,%d)",
+					tt.baseWidth, tt.baseHeight, tt.width, tt.height,
+					gotWidth, gotHeight, tt.wantWidth, tt.wantHeight)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveBaseDimensionsNeverNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	// Whatever the inputs, the resolved dimensions must never be negative,
+	// otherwise the uint cast at the resize call sites wraps to ~MaxUint.
+	for _, c := range [][4]int{
+		{640, 0, 0, 0},
+		{640, 0, 0, 1080},
+		{640, 0, 1920, 0},
+		{0, 0, 0, 0},
+	} {
+		w, h := ResolveBaseDimensions(c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3])
+		if w < 0 || h < 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("ResolveBaseDimensions(%v) produced negative dims (%d,%d)", c, w, h)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResizeImageClampsPoisonedDimensions(t *testing.T) {
+	src := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, 320, 240))
+
+	// uint(math.MinInt) is the value produced when a poisoned int (from
+	// int(float * +Inf)) is cast to uint at a call site. It must not panic
+	// nfnt/resize's allocator; it should fall back to source-aspect resize.
+	// Compute via a runtime int so the conversion doesn't overflow at compile time.
+	minInt := math.MinInt
+	poison := uint(minInt)
+
+	resized, err := ResizeImage(src, poison, poison)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resized == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected an image, got nil")
+	}
+	b := (*resized).Bounds()
+	if b.Dx() != 320 || b.Dy() != 240 {
+		t.Fatalf("poisoned dims should fall back to source size, got %dx%d", b.Dx(), b.Dy())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResizeImageClampsAboveCameraCeiling(t *testing.T) {
+	src := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, 320, 240))
+
+	// A width beyond any sane camera resolution is treated as "auto" (0).
+	resized, err := ResizeImage(src, 100000, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	b := (*resized).Bounds()
+	if b.Dx() != 320 || b.Dy() != 240 {
+		t.Fatalf("oversized width should fall back to source size, got %dx%d", b.Dx(), b.Dy())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResizeImageNormalResizeStillWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	src := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, 1920, 1080))
+
+	resized, err := ResizeImage(src, 640, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	b := (*resized).Bounds()
+	if b.Dx() != 640 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected width 640, got %d", b.Dx())
+	}
+	if b.Dy() != 360 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected aspect-preserved height 360, got %d", b.Dy())
+	}
+}

machinery/src/video/livehls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+package video
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+
+	mp4ff "github.com/Eyevinn/mp4ff/mp4"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/log"
+)
+
+// LiveSegmenter turns a live stream of Annex B video samples into HLS-ready
+// fragmented-MP4 (CMAF) output: ONE init segment (ftyp+moov) followed by a
+// series of INDEPENDENT media segments (styp+moof+mdat), each beginning with a
+// keyframe and carrying its own tfdt. This is the building block for the live
+// HLS pipeline (agent -> hub-api -> vault -> hub-frontend) and is intentionally
+// kept separate from the recording muxer in mp4.go:
+//
+//   - mp4.go writes ONE fragmented MP4 per recording (free-box placeholder up
+//     front, back-filled on Close). That layout is great for archived files but
+//     useless for live, where each segment must be shippable the instant it is
+//     produced and must decode on its own after the init segment.
+//   - LiveSegmenter emits discrete, self-contained segments via callbacks, so
+//     the transport (single-POST to hub-api, drop-on-failure) never has to wait
+//     for the recording to finish.
+//
+// Both producers use the SAME mp4ff fragment format, so live and archived video
+// share one toolchain on the player side (hls.js #EXT-X-MAP + byte-range parts).
+//
+// The spike scope is video-only H.264/H.265. Audio and multi-track interleaving
+// can be layered on later by adding tracks to the init segment and a second trun
+// to each fragment; nothing here precludes that.
+type LiveSegmenter struct {
+	// codec is "H264"/"H265" (case handled in buildInit).
+	codec string
+	// timescale is the media timescale used in the init segment. The agent's
+	// capture path feeds presentation timestamps in milliseconds, so a 1000-tick
+	// timescale keeps sample durations exact with no rescaling.
+	timescale uint32
+	// targetSegmentMs is the minimum amount of media a segment accumulates before
+	// the next keyframe is allowed to start a fresh segment. Keeping segments
+	// keyframe-aligned is what makes each one independently decodable.
+	targetSegmentMs uint64
+
+	spsNALUs [][]byte
+	ppsNALUs [][]byte
+	vpsNALUs [][]byte
+
+	// width/height are written into the visual sample entry. They are optional:
+	// on a successful strict SPS parse mp4ff derives them, but the manual avcC
+	// fallback (used for SPS that mp4ff cannot parse) needs them supplied.
+	width  uint16
+	height uint16
+
+	videoTrackID uint32
+
+	initSegment *mp4ff.InitSegment
+	initBytes   []byte
+	initEmitted bool
+
+	seg   *mp4ff.MediaSegment
+	frag  *mp4ff.Fragment
+	seqNr uint32
+
+	// started becomes true once the first segment has been opened.
+	started bool
+	// segStartPTS is the decode time (ms) of the first sample in the open
+	// segment; elapsed media is measured against it to decide segment cuts.
+	segStartPTS uint64
+	// segDurationMs accumulates the committed sample durations of the open
+	// segment so the playlist can advertise an accurate #EXTINF.
+	segDurationMs uint64
+
+	// pending holds the most recently received sample. Its duration is only known
+	// once the NEXT sample arrives (duration = nextPTS - thisPTS), mirroring the
+	// pending-sample pattern used by the recording muxer.
+	pending *mp4ff.FullSample
+	// lastDurationMs is the previous committed duration, reused to close out the
+	// final pending sample (and to bridge non-monotonic timestamps).
+	lastDurationMs uint64
+
+	// OnInit is invoked exactly once with the encoded init segment bytes before
+	// the first media segment is emitted. Optional.
+	OnInit func(initBytes []byte) error
+	// OnSegment is invoked once per completed media segment. Optional.
+	OnSegment func(seg LiveSegment) error
+}
+
+// LiveSegment is one independently-decodable CMAF media segment.
+type LiveSegment struct {
+	// SequenceNumber is the monotonically increasing fragment sequence number
+	// (also used as the moof sequence number and the seg-N.m4s index).
+	SequenceNumber uint32
+	// DurationMs is the summed sample duration of the segment, for #EXTINF.
+	DurationMs uint64
+	// Data is the complete styp+moof+mdat segment, ready to append after the init
+	// segment and hand to hls.js / a vault object.
+	Data []byte
+}
+
+// Sample-entry flags matching the recording muxer so live and archived fragments
+// describe random access points identically.
+//
+//	keyframe     0x02000000 = sampleDependsOn=2 (depends on nothing), sync sample
+//	non-keyframe 0x01010000 = sampleDependsOn=1, sampleIsNonSyncSample=1
+const (
+	liveSyncSampleFlags    uint32 = 0x02000000
+	liveNonSyncSampleFlags uint32 = 0x01010000
+	// liveFallbackDurationMs is used when a duration cannot be derived (first
+	// frame at Close, or non-monotonic timestamps) and no prior duration exists.
+	// ~33 ms approximates 30 fps and is only ever a single-frame nicety.
+	liveFallbackDurationMs uint64 = 33
+)
+
+// NewLiveSegmenter creates a video-only live segmenter for the given codec.
+// spsNALUs/ppsNALUs (and vpsNALUs for H.265) may be raw NAL units or Annex B
+// blobs with start codes; both are normalized. targetSegmentMs is clamped to a
+// sane floor so a misconfiguration cannot produce one-frame segments.
+func NewLiveSegmenter(codec string, spsNALUs, ppsNALUs, vpsNALUs [][]byte, targetSegmentMs uint64) *LiveSegmenter {
+	if targetSegmentMs < 500 {
+		targetSegmentMs = 500
+	}
+	return &LiveSegmenter{
+		codec:           codec,
+		timescale:       1000,
+		targetSegmentMs: targetSegmentMs,
+		spsNALUs:        spsNALUs,
+		ppsNALUs:        ppsNALUs,
+		vpsNALUs:        vpsNALUs,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetDimensions records the encoded video width/height in pixels. They are
+// written into the avc1/hvc1 visual sample entry and are required for the manual
+// descriptor fallback path (SPS that mp4ff's strict parser rejects).
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) SetDimensions(width, height uint16) {
+	ls.width = width
+	ls.height = height
+}
+
+// InitSegment returns the encoded init segment bytes, building them on demand.
+// Useful for tests and for serving the #EXT-X-MAP target without waiting for the
+// first media segment.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) InitSegment() ([]byte, error) {
+	if ls.initBytes == nil {
+		if err := ls.buildInit(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return ls.initBytes, nil
+}
+
+// buildInit constructs the ftyp+moov init segment from the parameter sets.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) buildInit() error {
+	init := mp4ff.CreateEmptyInit()
+	init.AddEmptyTrack(ls.timescale, "video", "und")
+	trak := init.Moov.Traks[0]
+
+	switch ls.codec {
+	case "H264", "h264", "AVC", "avc", "AVC1", "avc1":
+		sps, pps := normalizeH264ParameterSets(ls.spsNALUs, ls.ppsNALUs)
+		if len(sps) == 0 || len(pps) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("livehls: missing H264 SPS/PPS (sps=%d pps=%d)", len(sps), len(pps))
+		}
+		// includePS=true stores SPS/PPS in the avcC so segments need not carry
+		// in-band parameter sets - browsers read them from the init segment. Some
+		// camera SPS variants trip mp4ff's strict parser (e.g. unusual VUI/SAR);
+		// fall back to a manually built avcC just like the recording muxer does so
+		// those cameras still produce a valid init segment.
+		if err := trak.SetAVCDescriptor("avc1", sps, pps, true); err != nil {
+			log.Log.Warning("livehls: SetAVCDescriptor failed, using manual avcC fallback: " + err.Error())
+			if fbErr := addAVCDescriptorFallback(trak, sps, pps, ls.width, ls.height); fbErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("livehls: AVC descriptor fallback: %w", fbErr)
+			}
+		}
+	case "H265", "h265", "HEVC", "hevc", "HVC1", "hvc1":
+		vps, sps, pps := normalizeH265ParameterSets(ls.vpsNALUs, ls.spsNALUs, ls.ppsNALUs)
+		if len(vps) == 0 || len(sps) == 0 || len(pps) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("livehls: missing H265 VPS/SPS/PPS (vps=%d sps=%d pps=%d)", len(vps), len(sps), len(pps))
+		}
+		if err := trak.SetHEVCDescriptor("hvc1", vps, sps, pps, [][]byte{}, true); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("livehls: SetHEVCDescriptor: %w", err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: unsupported codec %q", ls.codec)
+	}
+
+	// Record the encoded dimensions in the track header when known.
+	if ls.width > 0 && ls.height > 0 {
+		trak.Tkhd.Width = mp4ff.Fixed32(uint32(ls.width) << 16)
+		trak.Tkhd.Height = mp4ff.Fixed32(uint32(ls.height) << 16)
+	}
+	// mdhd.Duration MUST be 0 for fragmented MP4 so players derive duration from
+	// the fragments rather than a (here unknown) total.
+	trak.Mdia.Mdhd.Duration = 0
+
+	ls.videoTrackID = trak.Tkhd.TrackID
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := init.Encode(&buf); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: encode init: %w", err)
+	}
+	ls.initSegment = init
+	ls.initBytes = buf.Bytes()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WriteSample feeds one Annex B access unit with its decode timestamp (DTS) in
+// milliseconds. The first sample of a session MUST be a keyframe; a non-keyframe
+// first sample is dropped (it could not be decoded without a preceding IDR).
+//
+// compositionOffsetMs is the CTS offset (PTS-DTS, for B-frame reordering) in
+// timescale ticks; pass 0 for streams without B-frames.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) WriteSample(isKeyframe bool, annexB []byte, ptsMs uint64, compositionOffsetMs int32) error {
+	// Lazily build + emit the init segment on the first accepted sample.
+	if ls.initBytes == nil {
+		if err := ls.buildInit(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if !ls.initEmitted {
+		ls.initEmitted = true
+		if ls.OnInit != nil {
+			if err := ls.OnInit(ls.initBytes); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A session must open on a random-access point; otherwise the first segment
+	// would reference frames that never arrived.
+	if !ls.started && !isKeyframe {
+		log.Log.Debug("LiveSegmenter.WriteSample(): dropping leading non-keyframe before first IDR")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	lengthPrefixed, err := annexBToLengthPrefixed(annexB)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: convert AnnexB: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The previous sample's duration is the gap to this sample's PTS. Commit it
+	// to the (still open) current fragment before we consider rolling segments,
+	// because the pending sample always precedes this one in decode order.
+	if ls.pending != nil {
+		dur := ls.lastDurationMs
+		if ptsMs > ls.pending.DecodeTime {
+			dur = ptsMs - ls.pending.DecodeTime
+		}
+		if dur == 0 {
+			dur = liveFallbackDurationMs
+		}
+		ls.lastDurationMs = dur
+		ls.pending.Sample.Dur = uint32(dur)
+		if err := ls.commitPending(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// At every keyframe, decide whether enough media has accumulated to close the
+	// open segment and start a new one. Cutting only on keyframes guarantees each
+	// segment is independently decodable.
+	if isKeyframe {
+		shouldCut := !ls.started || (ptsMs-ls.segStartPTS) >= ls.targetSegmentMs
+		if shouldCut {
+			if ls.started {
+				if err := ls.emitSegment(); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			ls.openSegment(ptsMs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Stage this sample; its duration is filled in when the next sample arrives
+	// (or at Close()).
+	flags := liveNonSyncSampleFlags
+	if isKeyframe {
+		flags = liveSyncSampleFlags
+	}
+	ls.pending = &mp4ff.FullSample{
+		Sample: mp4ff.Sample{
+			Flags:                 flags,
+			Size:                  uint32(len(lengthPrefixed)),
+			CompositionTimeOffset: compositionOffsetMs,
+		},
+		DecodeTime: ptsMs,
+		Data:       lengthPrefixed,
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// openSegment starts a fresh media segment (with CMAF styp) and an empty
+// single-track fragment whose moof sequence number is the segment index.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) openSegment(startPTS uint64) {
+	ls.seqNr++
+	ls.seg = mp4ff.NewMediaSegment() // includes a CMAF styp box by default
+	frag, err := mp4ff.CreateFragment(ls.seqNr, ls.videoTrackID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Log.Error("LiveSegmenter.openSegment(): CreateFragment failed: " + err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	ls.seg.AddFragment(frag)
+	ls.frag = frag
+	ls.segStartPTS = startPTS
+	ls.segDurationMs = 0
+	ls.started = true
+}
+
+// commitPending appends the staged sample to the open fragment. The first sample
+// of a fragment seeds the tfdt baseMediaDecodeTime from its absolute DecodeTime,
+// which is what makes the segment independently seekable/decodable.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) commitPending() error {
+	if ls.pending == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ls.frag == nil {
+		// No open segment yet (e.g. pending set before the first keyframe cut). The
+		// keyframe path always opens a segment before staging, so this only guards
+		// against logic drift; drop rather than panic.
+		ls.pending = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := ls.frag.AddFullSampleToTrack(*ls.pending, ls.videoTrackID); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: AddFullSampleToTrack: %w", err)
+	}
+	ls.segDurationMs += uint64(ls.pending.Sample.Dur)
+	ls.pending = nil
+	return nil
+}
+
+// emitSegment encodes the open segment and hands it to OnSegment.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) emitSegment() error {
+	if ls.seg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := ls.seg.Encode(&buf); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("livehls: encode segment %d: %w", ls.seqNr, err)
+	}
+	out := LiveSegment{
+		SequenceNumber: ls.seqNr,
+		DurationMs:     ls.segDurationMs,
+		Data:           buf.Bytes(),
+	}
+	ls.seg = nil
+	ls.frag = nil
+	if ls.OnSegment != nil {
+		return ls.OnSegment(out)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Close flushes the final pending sample and emits the last open segment. Call
+// once when the live session ends so no trailing media is lost.
+func (ls *LiveSegmenter) Close() error {
+	if ls.pending != nil {
+		dur := ls.lastDurationMs
+		if dur == 0 {
+			dur = liveFallbackDurationMs
+		}
+		ls.pending.Sample.Dur = uint32(dur)
+		if err := ls.commitPending(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return ls.emitSegment()
+}

machinery/src/video/livehls_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+package video
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	mp4ff "github.com/Eyevinn/mp4ff/mp4"
+)
+
+// Known-good minimal H.264 baseline parameter sets (640x480), reused from the
+// recording-muxer tests so the live segmenter is exercised against the exact
+// SPS/PPS mp4ff is already known to parse into an avcC descriptor.
+var (
+	liveTestSPS = []byte{0x67, 0x42, 0xc0, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x47, 0xfe, 0xc8}
+	liveTestPPS = []byte{0x68, 0xce, 0x38, 0x80}
+)
+
+// makeAnnexBFrame builds a single-NALU Annex B access unit: a 4-byte start code,
+// the NAL header (IDR=0x65 for keyframes, non-IDR=0x01 otherwise) and padding.
+func makeAnnexBFrame(isKey bool) []byte {
+	nalType := byte(0x01)
+	if isKey {
+		nalType = 0x65
+	}
+	frame := []byte{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, nalType}
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		frame = append(frame, byte(i))
+	}
+	return frame
+}
+
+// isSyncSample reports whether a parsed sample is a random-access point
+// (sample_depends_on == 2 => "depends on nothing" => IDR/sync).
+func isSyncSample(s mp4ff.Sample) bool {
+	return (s.Flags>>24)&0x03 == 0x02
+}
+
+// TestLiveSegmenterProducesIndependentCMAFSegments feeds a synthetic H.264
+// stream (25 fps, 1s GOPs) through the live segmenter and asserts that:
+//   - exactly one init segment (ftyp+moov, single avc1 video track) is produced;
+//   - segments are cut on keyframe boundaries honoring the target duration;
+//   - every media segment carries a CMAF styp + exactly one moof+mdat fragment;
+//   - each segment begins with a sync sample and its tfdt equals the absolute
+//     decode time of that first sample (the property that makes it independently
+//     decodable after the init segment);
+//   - sample counts and durations are preserved end to end.
+func TestLiveSegmenterProducesIndependentCMAFSegments(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		frameDurMs = uint64(40) // 25 fps
+		gopFrames  = 25         // keyframe every 1000 ms
+		numGOPs    = 6
+		numFrames  = gopFrames * numGOPs // 150 frames, 6000 ms
+		targetMs   = uint64(2000)        // 2s segments => 2 GOPs each
+	)
+
+	seg := NewLiveSegmenter("H264", [][]byte{liveTestSPS}, [][]byte{liveTestPPS}, nil, targetMs)
+	seg.SetDimensions(640, 480)
+
+	var initBytes []byte
+	var initCalls int
+	var segments []LiveSegment
+	seg.OnInit = func(b []byte) error {
+		initCalls++
+		initBytes = append([]byte(nil), b...)
+		return nil
+	}
+	seg.OnSegment = func(s LiveSegment) error {
+		segments = append(segments, s)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < numFrames; i++ {
+		isKey := i%gopFrames == 0
+		pts := uint64(i) * frameDurMs
+		if err := seg.WriteSample(isKey, makeAnnexBFrame(isKey), pts, 0); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WriteSample(frame=%d): %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := seg.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// --- Init segment: emitted exactly once, well-formed, single video track. ---
+	if initCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("OnInit called %d times, want 1", initCalls)
+	}
+	if len(initBytes) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("init segment is empty")
+	}
+	parsedInit, err := mp4ff.DecodeFile(bytes.NewReader(initBytes))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode init: %v", err)
+	}
+	if parsedInit.Init == nil || parsedInit.Init.Ftyp == nil || parsedInit.Init.Moov == nil {
+		t.Fatal("init segment missing ftyp/moov")
+	}
+	if got := len(parsedInit.Init.Moov.Traks); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("init moov has %d traks, want 1", got)
+	}
+
+	// --- Segment cut cadence: 6 GOPs at 2s target => 3 segments of 2 GOPs each. ---
+	const wantSegments = 3
+	if len(segments) != wantSegments {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d media segments, want %d", len(segments), wantSegments)
+	}
+	for i, s := range segments {
+		if want := uint32(i + 1); s.SequenceNumber != want {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: SequenceNumber=%d, want %d", i, s.SequenceNumber, want)
+		}
+		if s.DurationMs != targetMs {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: DurationMs=%d, want %d", i, s.DurationMs, targetMs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --- Each segment must decode INDEPENDENTLY after the init segment. ---
+	// Parsing init+oneSegment in isolation mirrors exactly what hls.js does with
+	// an #EXT-X-MAP init and a single media part.
+	var totalSamples, totalSync int
+	wantTFDT := []uint64{0, 2000, 4000}
+	for i, s := range segments {
+		standalone := append(append([]byte(nil), initBytes...), s.Data...)
+		parsed, err := mp4ff.DecodeFile(bytes.NewReader(standalone))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("segment %d: decode init+segment: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if len(parsed.Segments) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("segment %d: parsed %d media segments, want 1", i, len(parsed.Segments))
+		}
+		mseg := parsed.Segments[0]
+		if mseg.Styp == nil {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: missing CMAF styp box", i)
+		}
+		if len(mseg.Fragments) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("segment %d: %d fragments, want 1", i, len(mseg.Fragments))
+		}
+		fr := mseg.Fragments[0]
+		if got := fr.Moof.Mfhd.SequenceNumber; got != s.SequenceNumber {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: moof sequence=%d, want %d", i, got, s.SequenceNumber)
+		}
+		traf := fr.Moof.Traf
+		if traf.Tfhd.TrackID != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: track id=%d, want 1", i, traf.Tfhd.TrackID)
+		}
+		if got := traf.Tfdt.BaseMediaDecodeTime(); got != wantTFDT[i] {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: tfdt baseMediaDecodeTime=%d, want %d", i, got, wantTFDT[i])
+		}
+
+		var samples []mp4ff.Sample
+		for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+			samples = append(samples, trun.Samples...)
+		}
+		if len(samples) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("segment %d: no samples", i)
+		}
+		if !isSyncSample(samples[0]) {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: first sample is not a keyframe/sync sample", i)
+		}
+		var segDur uint64
+		for j, smp := range samples {
+			totalSamples++
+			if isSyncSample(smp) {
+				totalSync++
+			}
+			segDur += uint64(smp.Dur)
+			if smp.Size == 0 {
+				t.Errorf("segment %d sample %d: zero size", i, j)
+			}
+		}
+		if segDur != s.DurationMs {
+			t.Errorf("segment %d: summed sample dur=%d, reported DurationMs=%d", i, segDur, s.DurationMs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if totalSamples != numFrames {
+		t.Errorf("total samples across segments=%d, want %d", totalSamples, numFrames)
+	}
+	if totalSync != numGOPs {
+		t.Errorf("total sync samples=%d, want %d (one per GOP)", totalSync, numGOPs)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLiveSegmenterDropsLeadingNonKeyframe verifies a session cannot open on a
+// non-IDR frame (which would reference frames that never arrived); such leading
+// samples are dropped until the first keyframe.
+func TestLiveSegmenterDropsLeadingNonKeyframe(t *testing.T) {
+	seg := NewLiveSegmenter("H264", [][]byte{liveTestSPS}, [][]byte{liveTestPPS}, nil, 1000)
+	seg.SetDimensions(640, 480)
+	var segments []LiveSegment
+	seg.OnSegment = func(s LiveSegment) error { segments = append(segments, s); return nil }
+
+	// Two P-frames before any IDR must be ignored.
+	if err := seg.WriteSample(false, makeAnnexBFrame(false), 0, 0); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteSample(p0): %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := seg.WriteSample(false, makeAnnexBFrame(false), 40, 0); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteSample(p1): %v", err)
+	}
+	// First IDR opens the session at decode time 0.
+	for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {
+		isKey := i == 0
+		if err := seg.WriteSample(isKey, makeAnnexBFrame(isKey), uint64(i)*40, 0); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WriteSample(%d): %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := seg.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(segments) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least one segment after the first IDR")
+	}
+	initBytes, err := seg.InitSegment()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InitSegment: %v", err)
+	}
+	standalone := append(append([]byte(nil), initBytes...), segments[0].Data...)
+	parsed, err := mp4ff.DecodeFile(bytes.NewReader(standalone))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	traf := parsed.Segments[0].Fragments[0].Moof.Traf
+	if got := traf.Tfdt.BaseMediaDecodeTime(); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("first segment tfdt=%d, want 0 (session opens on the IDR)", got)
+	}
+	var first mp4ff.Sample
+	for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+		if len(trun.Samples) > 0 {
+			first = trun.Samples[0]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !isSyncSample(first) {
+		t.Error("first committed sample must be the IDR, not a dropped P-frame")
+	}
+}
+
+// renderLiveMediaPlaylist renders a live (no #EXT-X-ENDLIST) fMP4 HLS media
+// playlist for the given segments. This mirrors the shape hub-api will serve for
+// live streams: an #EXT-X-MAP init segment followed by one #EXTINF per CMAF part.
+// In production hub-api emits a sliding WINDOW of the most recent segments and
+// advances #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE; here we list the whole synthetic capture for a
+// self-contained, inspectable bundle.
+func renderLiveMediaPlaylist(initURI string, segs []LiveSegment, mediaSequence uint32) string {
+	var maxDurMs uint64
+	for _, s := range segs {
+		if s.DurationMs > maxDurMs {
+			maxDurMs = s.DurationMs
+		}
+	}
+	target := uint64(math.Ceil(float64(maxDurMs) / 1000.0))
+	if target == 0 {
+		target = 1
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.WriteString("#EXTM3U\n")
+	b.WriteString("#EXT-X-VERSION:7\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:%d\n", target)
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:%d\n", mediaSequence)
+	b.WriteString("#EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "#EXT-X-MAP:URI=%q\n", initURI)
+	for _, s := range segs {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "#EXTINF:%.3f,\n", float64(s.DurationMs)/1000.0)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "seg-%d.m4s\n", s.SequenceNumber)
+	}
+	// NOTE: deliberately no #EXT-X-ENDLIST - its absence is what marks the
+	// playlist as live so hls.js keeps polling for new segments.
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// TestLiveSegmenterWritesHLSBundle runs the segmenter over a synthetic stream and
+// writes a complete on-disk fMP4 HLS bundle (init.mp4 + seg-N.m4s + a live
+// stream.m3u8). It validates the playlist shape and that every referenced file
+// exists, then logs the output directory so the structure can be eyeballed.
+//
+// Set LIVEHLS_OUT=/some/dir to keep the bundle for manual inspection (e.g. serve
+// it and point hls.js at stream.m3u8); otherwise a temp dir is used and removed.
+//
+// The frames here are synthetic (valid fMP4 boxing, non-decodable payloads), so
+// this validates CONTAINER/playlist structure, not pixel decode - the round-trip
+// assertions in TestLiveSegmenterProducesIndependentCMAFSegments cover decodable
+// box layout.
+func TestLiveSegmenterWritesHLSBundle(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		frameDurMs = uint64(40)
+		gopFrames  = 25
+		numGOPs    = 6
+		numFrames  = gopFrames * numGOPs
+		targetMs   = uint64(2000)
+	)
+
+	outDir := os.Getenv("LIVEHLS_OUT")
+	if outDir == "" {
+		outDir = t.TempDir()
+	} else {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(outDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("mkdir %s: %v", outDir, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	seg := NewLiveSegmenter("H264", [][]byte{liveTestSPS}, [][]byte{liveTestPPS}, nil, targetMs)
+	seg.SetDimensions(640, 480)
+
+	var segments []LiveSegment
+	seg.OnInit = func(b []byte) error {
+		return os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outDir, "init.mp4"), b, 0o644)
+	}
+	seg.OnSegment = func(s LiveSegment) error {
+		segments = append(segments, s)
+		name := fmt.Sprintf("seg-%d.m4s", s.SequenceNumber)
+		return os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outDir, name), s.Data, 0o644)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < numFrames; i++ {
+		isKey := i%gopFrames == 0
+		if err := seg.WriteSample(isKey, makeAnnexBFrame(isKey), uint64(i)*frameDurMs, 0); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WriteSample(%d): %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := seg.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(segments) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("no segments produced")
+	}
+
+	playlist := renderLiveMediaPlaylist("init.mp4", segments, segments[0].SequenceNumber)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outDir, "stream.m3u8"), []byte(playlist), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write playlist: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// --- Validate the live playlist shape. ---
+	mustContain := []string{
+		"#EXTM3U",
+		"#EXT-X-VERSION:7",
+		"#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:2",
+		"#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:1",
+		`#EXT-X-MAP:URI="init.mp4"`,
+		"#EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS",
+	}
+	for _, tag := range mustContain {
+		if !strings.Contains(playlist, tag) {
+			t.Errorf("playlist missing %q\n---\n%s", tag, playlist)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(playlist, "#EXT-X-ENDLIST") {
+		t.Error("live playlist must NOT contain #EXT-X-ENDLIST")
+	}
+	if got, want := strings.Count(playlist, "#EXTINF:"), len(segments); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("playlist has %d #EXTINF entries, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// --- Every referenced file must exist on disk. ---
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(outDir, "init.mp4")); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("init.mp4 missing: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, s := range segments {
+		name := fmt.Sprintf("seg-%d.m4s", s.SequenceNumber)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(outDir, name)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s missing: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("wrote HLS bundle to %s (%d segments)\n%s", outDir, len(segments), playlist)
+}
+

machinery/src/video/mp4.go

@@ -33,13 +33,18 @@ const MacEpochOffset uint64 = 2082844800
 const FragmentDurationMs = 3000
 
 // SeamGapDivisor controls loop-seam detection. A keyframe is treated as an
-// upstream loop/restart seam when it arrives in less than (previous keyframe
+// upstream loop/restart seam when it arrives in less than (smallest normal
-// interval / SeamGapDivisor) — i.e. far sooner than the established keyframe
+// keyframe interval / SeamGapDivisor) — i.e. far sooner than the camera's
-// cadence. Comparing against the *previous* interval (rather than a fixed
+// tightest established keyframe cadence.
-// millisecond threshold) makes the check scale automatically with the camera's
+//
-// configured GOP size: it works the same whether keyframes are 0.5s, 1s, 2s or
+// The reference is the running *minimum* keyframe interval, NOT the immediately
-// more apart, and does not misfire on legitimately short-GOP or all-intra
+// preceding one. Variable-GOP ("smart codec") cameras lengthen the GOP during
-// streams (where every interval is similar, so none looks anomalously short).
+// static scenes and shorten it again on motion, so consecutive intervals differ
+// wildly (e.g. 2000 ms then 500 ms). Comparing against the previous interval
+// then flags every normal short GOP that happens to follow a long static GOP as
+// a seam and drops healthy video. Comparing against the minimum cadence instead
+// scales with any configured GOP size (0.5s, 1s, 2s, ...) yet never mistakes the
+// camera's own normal cadence for a premature seam IDR.
 const SeamGapDivisor = 2
 
 type MP4 struct {
@@ -85,7 +90,8 @@ type MP4 struct {
 	FragmentKeyframeCount   int               // Keyframes in the current fragment
 	PendingSampleIsKeyframe bool              // Whether the pending video sample is a keyframe
 	LastKeyframeRawPTS      uint64            // Raw PTS of the most recently seen keyframe (across fragments)
-	LastKeyframeGapMs       uint64            // Interval (ms) between the two most recent keyframes; reference cadence for seam detection
+	LastKeyframeGapMs       uint64            // Interval (ms) between the two most recent keyframes (diagnostic only)
+	MinKeyframeGapMs        uint64            // Smallest keyframe interval (ms) seen so far; the camera's tightest cadence and the reference for seam detection
 	gopBuffer               []bufferedSample  // Current, not-yet-committed GOP (video frames + interleaved audio), held so a loop-seam GOP can be dropped before it reaches the file
 }
 
@@ -333,23 +339,40 @@ func (mp4 *MP4) AddSampleToTrack(trackID uint32, isKeyframe bool, data []byte, p
 	// buffered GOP is genuine (commit it) or the truncated tail GOP at an upstream
 	// loop/restart seam (drop it).
 	//
-	// The GOP size is configurable per camera, so we do NOT compare against a
+	// A genuine loop/restart seam has TWO signatures that must BOTH hold; we never
-	// fixed millisecond threshold. Instead we compare this keyframe interval to
+	// drop a GOP on the interval alone, because variable-GOP ("smart codec")
-	// the previous one and only flag a *sudden* shortening: a seam IDR arrives in
+	// cameras legitimately shorten the GOP on motion:
-	// less than (previous interval / SeamGapDivisor). Deriving the threshold from
+	//
-	// the observed cadence keeps detection correct for any configured GOP (0.5s,
+	//  1. The new keyframe arrives much sooner than the camera's tightest normal
-	// 1s, 2s, ...) and avoids false positives on steady short-GOP / all-intra
+	//     cadence: gap*SeamGapDivisor < MinKeyframeGapMs (the running MINIMUM
-	// streams (where consecutive intervals are similar, so none looks anomalously
+	//     interval). Using the minimum — not the previous interval — means a
-	// short). Because the reference is the immediately preceding interval, a burst
+	//     normal short GOP that merely follows a long static GOP (2000 ms -> 500 ms)
-	// of close keyframes only drops a single GOP instead of cascading.
+	//     is NOT flagged, while a true premature restart still is.
+	//  2. The GOP we just buffered is actually TRUNCATED — far shorter than a full
+	//     GOP. A real seam cuts a GOP off mid-stream, leaving only a handful of
+	//     frames; a healthy GOP (even a legitimately short one) is left intact and
+	//     must be committed in full. We require the buffered tail to be under half
+	//     the minimum normal GOP length to qualify as truncated.
+	//
+	// Deriving both thresholds from the observed cadence keeps detection correct
+	// for any configured GOP size (0.5s, 1s, 2s, ...) and stops the heuristic from
+	// discarding healthy video.
 	seam := false
 	if mp4.LastKeyframeRawPTS > 0 && pts > mp4.LastKeyframeRawPTS {
 		gap := pts - mp4.LastKeyframeRawPTS
-		if mp4.LastKeyframeGapMs > 0 && gap*SeamGapDivisor < mp4.LastKeyframeGapMs {
+		bufferedVideo := mp4.bufferedVideoCount()
+		// Frames a full GOP at the tightest normal cadence would contain.
+		fullGopFrames := mp4.expectedGopFrames(gap)
+		closeKeyframe := mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs > 0 && gap*SeamGapDivisor < mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs
+		truncatedTail := fullGopFrames > 0 && bufferedVideo*2 < fullGopFrames
+		if closeKeyframe && truncatedTail {
 			seam = true
-			log.Log.Warning(fmt.Sprintf("mp4.AddSampleToTrack(): dropping truncated GOP at unexpectedly close keyframe (interval=%d ms, previous interval=%d ms, buffered samples=%d) - likely upstream loop/restart discontinuity", gap, mp4.LastKeyframeGapMs, len(mp4.gopBuffer)))
+			log.Log.Warning(fmt.Sprintf("mp4.AddSampleToTrack(): dropping truncated GOP at premature keyframe (interval=%d ms, min interval=%d ms, buffered video frames=%d of ~%d) - likely upstream loop/restart discontinuity", gap, mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs, bufferedVideo, fullGopFrames))
 		}
 		mp4.LastKeyframeGapMs = gap
+		if !seam && (mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs == 0 || gap < mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs) {
+			mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs = gap
+		}
 	}
 	mp4.LastKeyframeRawPTS = pts
 
@@ -372,6 +395,70 @@ func (mp4 *MP4) AddSampleToTrack(trackID uint32, isKeyframe bool, data []byte, p
 	return nil
 }
 
+// bufferedVideoCount returns how many video-track samples are currently held in
+// the GOP buffer (interleaved audio samples are ignored). It measures how
+// complete the buffered GOP is, used to tell a truncated seam tail from a
+// healthy — possibly legitimately short — GOP.
+func (mp4 *MP4) bufferedVideoCount() uint64 {
+	var n uint64
+	for _, s := range mp4.gopBuffer {
+		if s.trackID == uint32(mp4.VideoTrack) {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// expectedGopFrames estimates how many video frames a full GOP at the camera's
+// tightest normal cadence (MinKeyframeGapMs) would contain, using the video
+// frame interval inferred from the buffered GOP. gap is the current keyframe
+// interval, used as a fallback frame-duration source. Returns 0 when there is
+// not yet enough information to judge (so callers must not treat a GOP as
+// truncated without a reliable estimate).
+func (mp4 *MP4) expectedGopFrames(gap uint64) uint64 {
+	cadence := mp4.MinKeyframeGapMs
+	if cadence == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	frameDur := mp4.bufferedVideoFrameDuration()
+	if frameDur == 0 {
+		// Fall back to deriving a per-frame duration from the buffered tail across
+		// the current interval; if that is unavailable too, we cannot estimate.
+		if n := mp4.bufferedVideoCount(); n > 0 && gap > 0 {
+			frameDur = gap / n
+		}
+	}
+	if frameDur == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return cadence / frameDur
+}
+
+// bufferedVideoFrameDuration returns the average per-frame duration (in PTS
+// units) of the video samples currently buffered, derived from the PTS deltas
+// between consecutive video frames. Returns 0 when fewer than two video frames
+// are buffered.
+func (mp4 *MP4) bufferedVideoFrameDuration() uint64 {
+	var prev uint64
+	havePrev := false
+	var sum, count uint64
+	for _, s := range mp4.gopBuffer {
+		if s.trackID != uint32(mp4.VideoTrack) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if havePrev && s.pts > prev {
+			sum += s.pts - prev
+			count++
+		}
+		prev = s.pts
+		havePrev = true
+	}
+	if count == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return sum / count
+}
+
 // commitBufferedGOP writes every sample currently held in gopBuffer to the file
 // in arrival order, then clears the buffer. Committing in arrival order
 // preserves the original audio/video interleave and lets commitSampleToTrack's

machinery/src/video/mp4_variablegop_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package video
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	mp4ff "github.com/Eyevinn/mp4ff/mp4"
+	"github.com/kerberos-io/agent/machinery/src/models"
+)
+
+// TestMP4VariableGOPKeepsHealthyShortGOP reproduces the adam-drive regression:
+// a variable-GOP ("smart codec") camera lengthens its keyframe interval during a
+// static scene (e.g. 500ms -> 1500/2000ms) and then drops back to its normal
+// 500ms cadence on motion. That normal, FULL 500ms GOP arrives much sooner than
+// the immediately preceding (long, static) GOP.
+//
+// The previous heuristic compared the new keyframe interval against the *previous*
+// interval and dropped the GOP whenever gap < previousInterval/2 — so every normal
+// 500ms keyframe following a long static GOP was misclassified as a premature
+// loop/restart seam and a whole healthy GOP (~15 frames) was discarded. In the
+// field this silently deleted ~0.5s of video on virtually every recording from
+// such cameras, producing a freeze/jump artifact.
+//
+// After the fix the seam check compares against the running MINIMUM cadence and
+// additionally requires the buffered GOP to be genuinely truncated, so a full
+// healthy GOP is always kept regardless of how long the preceding GOP was. This
+// test asserts that NO frames are dropped for a pure variable-GOP stream.
+func TestMP4VariableGOPKeepsHealthyShortGOP(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "test_variable_gop_*.mp4")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create temp: %v", err)
+	}
+	tmpFile.Close()
+	defer os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())
+
+	sps := []byte{0x67, 0x42, 0xc0, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x47, 0xfe, 0xc8}
+	pps := []byte{0x68, 0xce, 0x38, 0x80}
+	mp4Video := NewMP4(tmpFile.Name(), [][]byte{sps}, [][]byte{pps}, nil, 60)
+	mp4Video.SetWidth(1920)
+	mp4Video.SetHeight(1080)
+	v := mp4Video.AddVideoTrack("H264")
+
+	mk := func(k bool) []byte {
+		nt := byte(0x01)
+		if k {
+			nt = 0x65
+		}
+		f := []byte{0, 0, 0, 1, nt}
+		for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+			f = append(f, byte(i))
+		}
+		return f
+	}
+
+	const frameDur = uint64(33)
+	pts := uint64(0)
+	emitFrame := func(isKey bool) {
+		mp4Video.AddSampleToTrack(v, isKey, mk(isKey), pts, 0)
+		pts += frameDur
+	}
+	// emitGOP emits a complete GOP of exactly frames frames: a leading keyframe
+	// followed by frames-1 P-frames. Every GOP here is healthy and complete; only
+	// its length varies, exactly as a smart-codec camera varies the GOP.
+	emitGOP := func(frames int) {
+		emitFrame(true)
+		for i := 0; i < frames-1; i++ {
+			emitFrame(false)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Normal cadence is 15 frames (~500ms). The camera then lengthens the GOP for
+	// several static scenes (45 and 60 frames, ~1500ms and ~2000ms) before
+	// dropping back to the normal 15-frame GOP on motion — the transition the old
+	// heuristic wrongly treated as a seam. The whole sequence is then repeated to
+	// cover multiple long->short transitions.
+	gopLengths := []int{15, 15, 45, 15, 60, 15, 15, 45, 15, 15, 60, 15}
+	totalEmittedFrames := 0
+	emittedKeyframes := 0
+	for _, n := range gopLengths {
+		emitGOP(n)
+		totalEmittedFrames += n
+		emittedKeyframes++
+	}
+
+	mp4Video.Close(&models.Config{Signing: &models.Signing{PrivateKey: ""}})
+
+	f, err := os.Open(tmpFile.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	parsed, err := mp4ff.DecodeFile(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	totalSamples := 0
+	totalSync := 0
+	for _, seg := range parsed.Segments {
+		for _, fr := range seg.Fragments {
+			for _, traf := range fr.Moof.Trafs {
+				if traf.Tfhd.TrackID != 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, trun := range traf.Truns {
+					for _, s := range trun.Samples {
+						totalSamples++
+						// sample_depends_on == 2 => "does not depend on others" => IDR/sync.
+						if (s.Flags>>24)&0x03 == 0x02 {
+							totalSync++
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Every GOP is healthy, so nothing must be dropped: all keyframes and all
+	// frames must survive. A shortfall means a normal variable-GOP keyframe was
+	// misclassified as a seam.
+	if totalSync != emittedKeyframes {
+		t.Errorf("got %d keyframes in output, want %d - a healthy variable-GOP keyframe was wrongly dropped as a seam",
+			totalSync, emittedKeyframes)
+	}
+	if totalSamples != totalEmittedFrames {
+		t.Errorf("got %d video samples in output, want %d - a healthy variable-GOP GOP was wrongly dropped as a seam",
+			totalSamples, totalEmittedFrames)
+	}
+}

machinery/src/webrtc/aac_transcoder_stub.go

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func NewAACTranscoder() (*AACTranscoder, error) {
 				buffered := t.outBuf.Len()
 				t.outMu.Unlock()
 				if buffered <= 8192 || buffered%16000 == 0 {
-					log.Log.Info("webrtc.aac_transcoder: ffmpeg produced PCMU bytes, buffered=" + strconv.Itoa(buffered))
+					log.Log.Debug("webrtc.aac_transcoder: ffmpeg produced PCMU bytes, buffered=" + strconv.Itoa(buffered))
 				}
 			}
 			if readErr != nil {
@@ -129,14 +129,14 @@ func (t *AACTranscoder) Transcode(adtsData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if len(adtsData) <= 512 || len(adtsData)%1024 == 0 {
-		log.Log.Info("webrtc.aac_transcoder: wrote AAC bytes to ffmpeg, input=" + strconv.Itoa(len(adtsData)))
+		log.Log.Debug("webrtc.aac_transcoder: wrote AAC bytes to ffmpeg, input=" + strconv.Itoa(len(adtsData)))
 	}
 
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(75 * time.Millisecond)
 	for {
 		data := t.readAvailable()
 		if len(data) > 0 {
-			log.Log.Info("webrtc.aac_transcoder: returning PCMU bytes=" + strconv.Itoa(len(data)))
+			log.Log.Debug("webrtc.aac_transcoder: returning PCMU bytes=" + strconv.Itoa(len(data)))
 			return data, nil
 		}
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (t *AACTranscoder) Transcode(adtsData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 			if stderr := t.stderrString(); stderr != "" {
 				log.Log.Warning("webrtc.aac_transcoder: no output before deadline, ffmpeg stderr: " + stderr)
 			} else {
-				log.Log.Info("webrtc.aac_transcoder: no PCMU output before deadline")
+				log.Log.Debug("webrtc.aac_transcoder: no PCMU output before deadline")
 			}
 			return nil, nil
 		}

machinery/src/webrtc/main.go

@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ func processAudioPacket(pkt packets.Packet, state *streamState, audioBroadcaster
 		if len(pcmu) == 0 {
 			state.aacNoOutput++
 			if state.aacNoOutput <= 5 || state.aacNoOutput%100 == 0 {
-				log.Log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("webrtc.main.processAudioPacket(): AAC packet produced no PCMU output yet (aac_packets=%d, no_output=%d, input_bytes=%d)", state.aacPacketsSeen, state.aacNoOutput, len(pkt.Data)))
+				log.Log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("webrtc.main.processAudioPacket(): AAC packet produced no PCMU output yet (aac_packets=%d, no_output=%d, input_bytes=%d)", state.aacPacketsSeen, state.aacNoOutput, len(pkt.Data)))
 			}
 			return // decoder still buffering
 		}
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ func processAudioPacket(pkt packets.Packet, state *streamState, audioBroadcaster
 		state.lastAudioSample.Duration = sampleDuration(pkt, state.lastAudioSample.PacketTimestamp, 20*time.Millisecond)
 		state.audioSamplesSent++
 		if state.audioSamplesSent <= 5 || state.audioSamplesSent%100 == 0 {
-			log.Log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("webrtc.main.processAudioPacket(): queueing audio sample (samples=%d, codec=%s, bytes=%d, duration_ms=%d, peers=%d)", state.audioSamplesSent, pkt.Codec, len(state.lastAudioSample.Data), state.lastAudioSample.Duration.Milliseconds(), audioBroadcaster.PeerCount()))
+			log.Log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("webrtc.main.processAudioPacket(): queueing audio sample (samples=%d, codec=%s, bytes=%d, duration_ms=%d, peers=%d)", state.audioSamplesSent, pkt.Codec, len(state.lastAudioSample.Data), state.lastAudioSample.Duration.Milliseconds(), audioBroadcaster.PeerCount()))
 		}
 		audioBroadcaster.WriteSample(*state.lastAudioSample)
 	}

machinery/swag.sh

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-swag init -g ./src/routers/http/Server.go
+swag init -g ./src/routers/http/server.go