I closed #14 on an incomplete fix. Heisenberg still reports **0.054 s/block** while producing one block every five minutes — 5,500x too fast — with the running code already correct. Fixing the code did not fix the rows already written. `at_tip` in the table is whatever the process that wrote it believed, and every process before the receipt-stamping fix believed a drained channel was a tip observation. Those rows are still there, and `restore_ticker_and_timing` replays them on every start, so the bug comes back from storage each time a chain is restarted after a catch-up. Heisenberg produces a block every five minutes, which is far too slow to accumulate twenty fresh samples before the next restart, so it never got the chance to correct itself. Restored samples are now checked against the one clock the observer cannot fake. At the tip a block is seen roughly when it is authored, so the span the observer recorded should resemble the span the chain recorded for the same blocks. Propagation and skew are seconds; a catch-up is a factor. A batch that fails is left unrestored and timing starts fresh — nominal, and labelled nominal. The threshold is deliberately loose (half) because it only has to separate two populations that differ by orders of magnitude, and being generous to honest skew costs nothing: the penalty for a false negative is one window of nominal hashrate, and for a false positive it is a headline wrong by 5,000x. Reopens #14 — closing it again when all three chains have held a plausible interval across a restart, rather than when the code looks right. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Jp6a8EDar9ueEhAxzep4V5